Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1221
The Expedition of al-Khandaq (the Confederates)
قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَحَدَّثَنِي أَبُو لَيْلَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَهْلِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، أَخُو بَنِي حَارِثَةَ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كَانَتْ فِي حِصْنِ بَنِي حَارِثَةَ يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ، وَكَانَ مِنْ أَحْرَزِ حُصُونِ الْمَدِينَةِ. قَالَ: وَكَانَتْ أُمُّ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ مَعَهَا فِي الْحِصْنِ، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُضْرَبَ عَلَيْنَا الْحِجَابُ. قَالَتْ: فَمَرَّ سَعْدٌ وَعَلَيْهِ دِرْعٌ مُقَلَّصَةٌ، قَدْ خَرَجَتْ مِنْهَا ذِرَاعُهُ كُلُّهَا، وَفِي يَدِهِ حَرْبَتُهُ يَرْقَدُّ بِهَا وَيَقُولُ: لَبِّثْ قَلِيلًا يَشْهَدِ الْهَيْجَا حَمَلْ لَا بَأْسَ بِالْمَوْتِ إِذَا حَانَ الْأَجَلْ فَقَالَتْ لَهُ أُمُّهُ: الْحَقْ بُنَيَّ، فَقَدْ وَاللَّهِ أَخَّرْتَ، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَقُلْتُ لَهَا: يَا أُمَّ سَعْدٍ، وَاللَّهِ لَوَدِدْتُ أَنَّ دِرْعَ سَعْدٍ كَانَتْ أَسْبَغَ مِمَّا هِيَ. قَالَتْ: وَخِفْتُ عَلَيْهِ حَيْثُ أَصَابَ السَّهْمُ مِنْهُ، فَرُمِيَ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ بِسَهْمٍ فَقَطَعَ مِنْهُ الْأَكْحَلَ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: رَمَاهُ حِبَّانُ بْنُ قَيْسِ بْنِ الْعَرِقَةِ، أَحَدُ بَنِي عَامِرِ بْنِ لُؤَيٍّ، فَلَمَّا أَصَابَهُ قَالَ: خُذْهَا مِنِّي وَأَنَا ابْنُ الْعَرِقَةِ. فَقَالَ لَهُ سَعْدٌ: عَرَّقَ اللَّهُ وَجْهَكَ فِي النَّارِ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ كُنْتَ أَبْقَيْتَ مِنْ حَرْبِ قُرَيْشٍ شَيْئًا فَأَبْقِنِي لَهَا، فَإِنَّهُ لَا قَوْمَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ أُجَاهِدَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ آذَوْا رَسُولَكَ وَكَذَّبُوهُ وَأَخْرَجُوهُ، اللَّهُمَّ وَإِنْ كُنْتَ وَضَعْتَ الْحَرْبَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُمْ فَاجْعَلْهَا لِي شَهَادَةً، وَلَا تُمِتْنِي حَتَّى تَقَرَّ عَيْنِي مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي مَنْ لَا أَتَّهِمُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: مَا أَصَابَ سَعْدًا يَوْمَئِذٍ إِلَّا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ الْجُشَمِيُّ، حَلِيفُ بَنِي مَخْزُومٍ. وَقَدْ قَالَ أَبُو أُسَامَةَ فِي ذَلِكَ شِعْرًا، قَالَهُ لِعِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ أَبِي جَهْلٍ: أَعِكْرِمُ هَلَّا لُمْتَنِي إِذْ تَقُولُ لِي فِدَاكَ بِآطَامِ الْمَدِينَةِ خَالِدُ أَلَسْتُ الَّذِي أَلْزَمْتُ سَعْدًا مُرِشَّةً لَهَا بَيْنَ أَثْنَاءِ الْمَرَافِقِ عَانِدُ قَضَى نَحْبَهُ مِنْهَا سُعَيْدٌ فَأَعْوَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ مَعَ الشُّمْطِ الْعَذَارَى النَّوَاهِدُ وَأَنْتَ الَّذِي دَافَعْتَ عَنْهُ وَقَدْ دَعَا عُبَيْدَةُ جَمْعًا مِنْهُمُ إِذْ يُكَابِدُ عَلَى حِينِ مَا هُمْ جَائِرٌ عَنْ طَرِيقِهِ وَآخَرُ مَرْعُوبٌ عَنِ الْقَصْدِ قَاصِدُ قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَيُّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَيُقَالُ: إِنَّ الَّذِي رَمَى سَعْدًا خَفَاجَةُ بْنُ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حِبَّانَ. قُلْتُ: وَقَدِ اسْتَجَابَ اللَّهُ دَعْوَةَ وَلِيِّهِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ فِي بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، أَقَرَّ اللَّهُ عَيْنَهُ؛ فَحَكَمَ فِيهِمْ بِقُدْرَتِهِ وَتَيْسِيرِهِ، وَجَعَلَهُمْ هُمُ الَّذِينَ يَطْلُبُونَ ذَلِكَ، كَمَا سَيَأْتِي بَيَانُهُ، فَحَكَمَ بِقَتْلِ مُقَاتِلَتِهِمْ وَسَبْيِ ذَرَارِيِّهِمْ حَتَّى قَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: لَقَدْ حَكَمْتَ فِيهِمْ بِحُكْمِ اللَّهِ مِنْ فَوْقِ سَبْعَةِ أَرْقِعَةٍ . وَفَاةُ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ ؓ قَدْ تَقَدَّمَ أَنَّ حِبَّانَ بْنَ الْعَرِقَةِ، لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ، رَمَاهُ بِسَهْمٍ فَأَصَابَ أَكْحَلَهُ، فَحَسَمَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَيًّا بِالنَّارِ، فَاسْتَمْسَكَ الْجُرْحُ، وَكَانَ سَعْدٌ قَدْ دَعَا اللَّهَ أَنْ لَا يُمِيتَهُ حَتَّى يُقِرَّ عَيْنَهُ مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ وَذَلِكَ حِينَ نَقَضُوا مَا كَانَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْعُهُودِ وَالْمَوَاثِيقِ وَالذِّمَامِ، وَمَالُوا عَلَيْهِ مَعَ الْأَحْزَابِ، فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَ الْأَحْزَابُ وَانْقَشَعُوا عَنِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَبَاءَتْ بَنُو قُرَيْظَةَ بِسَوَادِ الْوَجْهِ وَالصَّفْقَةِ الْخَاسِرَةِ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَسَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِيُحَاصِرَهُمْ، كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ، فَلَمَّا ضَيَّقَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَخَذَهُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ جَانِبٍ أَنَابُوا إِلَى أَنْ يَنْزِلُوا عَلَى حُكْمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَيَحْكُمَ فِيهِمْ بِمَا أَرَاهُ اللَّهُ، فَرَدَّ الْحُكْمَ فِيهِمْ إِلَى رَئِيسِ الْأَوْسِ، وَكَانُوا حُلَفَاءَهُمْ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَهُوَ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، فَرَضُوا بِذَلِكَ، وَيُقَالُ: بَلْ نَزَلُوا ابْتِدَاءً عَلَى حُكْمِ سَعْدٍ؛ لِمَا يَرْجُونَ مِنْ حُنُوِّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَإِحْسَانِهِ وَمَيْلِهِ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمُوا بِأَنَّهُمْ أَبْغَضُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ أَعْدَادِهِمْ مِنَ الْقِرَدَةِ وَالْخَنَازِيرِ؛ لِشِدَّةِ إِيمَانِهِ وَصِدِّيقِيَّتِهِ، ؓ وَأَرْضَاهُ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَكَانَ فِي خَيْمَةٍ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ النَّبَوِيِّ، فَجِيءَ بِهِ عَلَى حِمَارٍ تَحْتَهُ إِكَافٌ قَدْ وُطِّئَ تَحْتَهُ لِمَرَضِهِ، وَلَمَّا قَارَبَ خَيْمَةَ الرَّسُولِ ﷺ أَمَرَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ مَنْ هُنَاكَ بِالْقِيَامِ لَهُ، قِيلَ: لِيَنْزِلَ مِنْ شِدَّةِ مَرَضِهِ. وَقِيلَ: تَوْقِيرًا لَهُ بِحَضْرَةِ الْمَحْكُومِ عَلَيْهِمْ؛ لِيَكُونَ أَبْلَغَ فِي نُفُوذِ حُكْمِهِ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. فَلَمَّا حَكَمَ فِيهِمْ بِالْقَتْلِ وَالسَّبْيِ وَأَقَرَّ اللَّهُ عَيْنَهُ وَشَفَى صَدْرَهُ مِنْهُمْ وَعَادَ إِلَى خَيْمَتِهِ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ النَّبَوِيِّ صُحْبَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، دَعَا اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنْ تَكُونَ لَهُ شَهَادَةٌ، وَاخْتَارَ اللَّهُ لَهُ مَا عِنْدَهُ، فَانْفَجَرَ جُرْحُهُ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ الدَّمُ حَتَّى مَاتَ ؓ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، فَلَمَّا انْقَضَى شَأْنُ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ انْفَجَرَ بِسَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ جُرْحُهُ، فَمَاتَ مِنْهُ شَهِيدًا، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاذُ بْنُ رِفَاعَةَ الزُّرَقِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مَنْ شِئْتُ مِنْ رِجَالِ قَوْمِي أَنَّ جِبْرِيلَ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ قُبِضَ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ مِنْ جَوْفِ اللَّيْلِ، مُعْتَجِرًا بِعِمَامَةٍ مِنْ إِسْتَبْرَقٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، مَنْ هَذَا الْمَيِّتُ الَّذِي فُتِحَتْ لَهُ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ وَاهْتَزَّ لَهُ الْعَرْشُ ؟ قَالَ: فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَرِيعًا يَجُرُّ ثَوْبَهُ إِلَى سَعْدٍ فَوَجَدَهُ قَدْ مَاتَ ؓ. هَكَذَا ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ. وَقَدْ قَالَ الْحَافِظُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي " الدَّلَائِلِ ": حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، وَشُعَيْبُ بْنُ اللَّيْثِ قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: جَاءَ جِبْرِيلُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: مَنْ هَذَا الْعَبْدُ الصَّالِحُ الَّذِي مَاتَ فَفُتِحَتْ لَهُ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ وَتَحَرَّكَ لَهُ الْعَرْشُ ؟ قَالَ: فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَإِذَا سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ قَالَ: فَجَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ وَهُوَ يُدْفَنُ، فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ إِذْ قَالَ: " سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ " مَرَّتَيْنِ. فَسَبَّحَ الْقَوْمُ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: " اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ " فَكَبَّرَ الْقَوْمُ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " عَجِبْتُ لِهَذَا الْعَبْدِ الصَّالِحِ، شُدِّدَ عَلَيْهِ فِي قَبْرِهِ حَتَّى كَانَ هَذَا حِينَ فُرِّجَ لَهُ. وَرَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ والنَّسَائِيُّ مِنْ طَرِيقِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ الْهَادِ، وَيَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: لِسَعْدٍ يَوْمَ مَاتَ وَهُوَ يُدْفَنُ: " سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ لِهَذَا الْعَبْدِ الصَّالِحِ الَّذِي تَحَرَّكَ لَهُ عَرْشُ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَفُتِحَتْ لَهُ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ، شُدِّدَ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ فَرَّجَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاذُ بْنُ رِفَاعَةَ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْجَمُوحِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: لَمَّا دُفِنَ سَعْدٌ وَنَحْنُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، سَبَّحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَسَبَّحَ النَّاسُ مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ فَكَبَّرَ النَّاسُ مَعَهُ، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، مِمَّ سَبَّحْتَ ؟ قَالَ: " لَقَدْ تَضَايَقَ عَلَى هَذَا الْعَبْدِ الصَّالِحِ قَبْرُهُ حَتَّى فَرَّجَهُ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ، عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، بِهِ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَمَجَازُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ قَوْلُ عَائِشَةَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِنَّ لِلْقَبْرِ ضَمَّةً، لَوْ كَانَ أَحَدٌ مِنْهَا نَاجِيًا لَكَانَ سَعْدَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ. قُلْتُ: وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ قَدْ رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: إِنَّ لِلْقَبْرِ ضَغْطَةً وَلَوْ كَانَ أَحَدٌ نَاجِيًا مِنْهَا لَنَجَا سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ سَنَدُهُ عَلَى شَرْطِ " الصَّحِيحَيْنِ " إِلَّا أَنَّ الْإِمَامَ أَحْمَدَ رَوَاهُ عَنْ غُنْدَرٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ إِنْسَانٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، بِهِ. وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْحَافِظُ الْبَزَّارُ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى بْنُ حَمَّادٍ، حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: لَقَدْ هَبَطَ يَوْمَ مَاتَ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ لَمْ يَهْبِطُوا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ وَلَقَدْ ضَمَّهُ الْقَبْرُ ضَمَّةً قَالَ: ثُمَّ بَكَى نَافِعٌ. وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ جَيِّدٌ لَكِنْ قَالَ الْبَزَّارُ: رَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ مُرْسَلًا. ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ الْبَزَّارُ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ سَيْفٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَتَّابٍ، عَنْ مِسْكِينِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: لَقَدْ نَزَلَ لِمَوْتِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ مَا وَطِئُوا الْأَرْضَ قَبْلَهَا وَقَالَ حِينَ دُفِنَ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ لَوِ انْفَلَتَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ ضَغْطَةِ الْقَبْرِ لَانْفَلَتَ مِنْهَا سَعْدٌ. قَالَ الْبَزَّارُ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُضَيْلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَطَاءُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: اهْتَزَّ الْعَرْشُ لِحُبِّ لِقَاءِ اللَّهِ سَعْدَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ. قَالَ: فَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا يَعْنِي السَّرِيرَ. وَرَفَعَ أَبَوَيْهِ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ ( يُوسُفَ: 1 ) قَالَ: تَفَسَّخَتْ أَعْوَادُهُ. قَالَ: وَدَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَبْرَهُ فَاحْتُبِسَ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ قِيلَ لَهُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، مَا حَبَسَكَ ؟ قَالَ: " ضُمَّ سَعْدٌ فِي الْقَبْرِ ضَمَّةً، فَدَعَوْتُ اللَّهَ فَكَشَفَ عَنْهُ قَالَ الْبَزَّارُ: تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ عَطَاءُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ. قُلْتُ: وَهُوَ مُتَكَلَّمٌ فِيهِ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ بَعْدَ رِوَايَتِهِ ضَمَّةَ سَعْدٍ ؓ فِي الْقَبْرِ، أَثَرًا غَرِيبًا فَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي أُمَيَّةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ بَعْضَ أَهْلِ سَعْدٍ: مَا بَلَغَكُمْ مِنْ قَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي هَذَا ؟ فَقَالُوا: ذُكِرَ لَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُئِلَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ: " كَانَ يُقَصِّرُ فِي بَعْضِ الطُّهُورِ مِنَ الْبَوْلِ " وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُسَاوِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ: " اهْتَزَّ الْعَرْشُ لِمَوْتِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ وَعَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو صَالِحٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ لِجَابِرٍ: فَإِنَّ الْبَرَاءَ بْنَ عَازِبٍ يَقُولُ: اهْتَزَّ السَّرِيرُ. فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُ كَانَ بَيْنَ هَذَيْنِ الْحَيَّيْنِ ضَغَائِنُ، سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ: اهْتَزَّ عَرْشُ الرَّحْمَنِ لِمَوْتِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو النَّاقِدِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ، وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، بِهِ. وَلَيْسَ عِنْدَهُمَا زِيَادَةُ قَوْلِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ. وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ وَجِنَازَةُ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ: اهْتَزَّ لَهَا عَرْشُ الرَّحْمَنِ وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ غَيْلَانَ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، بِهِ. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَوْفٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نَضْرَةَ، سَمِعْتُ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: اهْتَزَّ الْعَرْشُ لِمَوْتِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ وَرَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ، عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى، بِهِ. وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: حَدَّثَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ - وَجِنَازَتُهُ مَوْضُوعَةٌ -: اهْتَزَّ لَهَا عَرْشُ الرَّحْمَنِ وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الرُّزِّيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، بِهِ وَقَدْ رَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْمُعْتَمِرِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ قَالَ: اهْتَزَّ عَرْشُ الرَّحْمَنِ فَرَحًا بِرُوحِهِ. وَقَالَ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْبَزَّارُ: حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، حَدَّثَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا حُمِلَتْ جِنَازَةُ سَعْدٍ قَالَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ: مَا أَخَفَّ جِنَازَتَهُ. وَذَلِكَ لِحُكْمِهِ فِي بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، فَسُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: لَا، وَلَكِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ كَانَتْ تَحْمِلُهُ إِسْنَادٌ جَيِّدٌ. فَائِدَةٌ: قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو عُمَرَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ: حَدِيثُ اهْتِزَازِ الْعَرْشِ ثَابِتٌ مُتَوَاتِرٌ. قَالَ السُّهَيْلِيُّ: رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ؛ مِنْهُمْ جَابِرٌ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَأُسَيْدُ بْنُ حُضَيْرٍ، وَرُمَيْثَةُ بِنْتُ عَمْرٍو. قَالَ: وَهُوَ مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى الْحَقِيقَةِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْعَرْشَ لَا يَمْتَنِعُ عَلَيْهِ الْحَرَكَةُ وَالِاهْتِزَازُ. قَالَ: وَمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ مِنْ تَضْعِيفِهِ لِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، وَتَوْهِينِهِ لِلتَّحَدُّثِ بِهِ، فَلَعَلَّهُ لَمْ يَصِحَّ عَنْهُ ذَلِكَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا غُنْدَرٌ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ سَمِعْتُ الْبَرَاءَ بْنَ عَازِبٍ يَقُولُ: أُهْدِيَتْ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ حُلَّةُ حَرِيرٍ، فَجَعَلَ أَصْحَابُهُ يَمَسُّونَهَا، وَيَعْجَبُونَ مِنْ لِينِهَا، فَقَالَ: " أَتَعْجَبُونَ مِنْ لِينِ هَذِهِ، لَمَنَادِيلُ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ خَيْرٌ مِنْهَا أَوْ أَلْيَنُ " ثُمَّ قَالَ: رَوَاهُ قَتَادَةُ وَالزُّهْرِيُّ، سَمِعْنَا أَنَسًا، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ أُكَيْدِرَ دَوْمَةَ أَهْدَى إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ جُبَّةً، وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُنْهَى عَنِ الْحَرِيرِ فَلَبِسَهَا، فَعَجِبَ النَّاسُ مِنْهَا، فَقَالَ: وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، لَمَنَادِيلُ سَعْدٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ أَحْسَنُ مِنْ هَذِهِ وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ الشَّيْخَيْنِ، وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوهُ، وَإِنَّمَا ذَكَرَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ تَعْلِيقًا. وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنِي وَاقِدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ - قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ وَكَانَ وَاقِدٌ مِنْ أَحْسَنِ النَّاسِ وَأَعْظَمِهِمْ وَأَطْوَلِهِمْ - قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ فَقَالَ لِي: مَنْ أَنْتَ ؟ قُلْتُ: أَنَا وَاقِدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ. فَقَالَ: إِنَّكَ بِسَعْدٍ لَشَبِيهٌ. ثُمَّ بَكَى وَأَكْثَرَ الْبُكَاءَ، وَقَالَ: رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى سَعْدٍ، كَانَ مِنْ أَعْظَمِ النَّاسِ وَأَطْوَلِهِمْ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَيْشًا إِلَى أُكَيْدِرِ دَوْمَةَ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِجُبَّةٍ مِنْ دِيبَاجٍ، مَنْسُوجٍ فِيهَا الذَّهَبُ، فَلَبِسَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَامَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ أَوْ جَلَسَ فَلَمْ يَتَكَلَّمْ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ فَجَعَلَ النَّاسُ يَلْمَسُونَ الْجُبَّةَ، وَيَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيْهَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " أَتَعْجَبُونَ مِنْهَا، لَمَنَادِيلُ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ أَحْسَنُ مِمَّا تَرَوْنَ " وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ والنَّسَائِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو بِهِ، وَقَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ: حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ،: بَعْدَ ذِكْرِ اهْتِزَازِ الْعَرْشِ لِمَوْتِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ وَفِي ذَلِكَ يَقُولُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ: وَمَا اهْتَزَّ عَرْشُ اللَّهِ مِنْ مَوْتِ هَالِكٍ سَمِعْنَا بِهِ إِلَّا لِسَعْدٍ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَ: وَقَالَتْ أُمُّهُ - يَعْنِي كُبَيْشَةَ بِنْتَ رَافِعِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ الْخُدْرِيَّةَ الْخَزْرَجِيَّةَ - حِينَ احْتُمِلَ سَعْدٌ عَلَى نَعْشِهِ تَنْدُبُهُ: وَيْلُ امِّ سَعْدٍ سَعْدَا صَرَامَةً وَحَدَّا وَسُؤْدُدًا وَمَجْدَا وَفَارِسًا مُعَدَّا سُدَّ بِهِ مَسَدَّا يَقُدُّ هَامًا قَدَّا قَالَ: يَقُولُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: كُلُّ نَائِحَةٍ تَكْذِبُ إِلَّا نَائِحَةَ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ. قُلْتُ: كَانَتْ وَفَاتُهُ بَعْدَ انْصِرَافِ الْأَحْزَابِ بِنَحْوٍ مِنْ خَمْسٍ وَعِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً، وَكَانَ قُدُومُ الْأَحْزَابِ فِي شَوَّالٍ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ، فَأَقَامُوا قَرِيبًا مِنْ شَهْرٍ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِحِصَارِ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ فَأَقَامَ عَلَيْهِمْ خَمْسًا وَعِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً، ثُمَّ نَزَلُوا عَلَى حُكْمِ سَعْدٍ، فَمَاتَ بَعْدَ حُكْمِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ بِقَلِيلٍ، فَيَكُونُ ذَلِكَ فِي أَوَاخِرِ ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ أَوْ أَوَائِلِ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ مِنْ سَنَةِ خَمْسٍ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ وَهَكَذَا قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: إِنَّ فَتْحَ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ كَانَ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ وَصَدْرِ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ. قَالَ: وَوَلِيَ تِلْكَ الْحِجَّةَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَقَالَ حَسَّانُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ يَرْثِي سَعْدَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ ؓ: لَقَدْ سَجَمَتْ مِنْ دَمْعِ عَيْنِيَ عَبْرَةٌ وَحُقَّ لِعَيْنِي أَنْ تَفِيضَ عَلَى سَعْدٍ قَتِيلٌ ثَوَى فِي مَعْرَكٍ فُجِعَتْ بِهِ عُيُونٌ ذَوَارِي الدَّمْعِ دَائِمَةُ الْوَجْدِ عَلَى مِلَّةِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَارِثِ جَنَّةٍ مَعَ الشُّهَدَاءِ وَفْدُهَا أَكْرَمُ الْوَفْدِ فَإِنْ تَكُ قَدْ وَدَّعْتَنَا وَتَرَكْتَنَا وَأَمْسَيْتَ فِي غَبْرَاءَ مُظْلِمَةِ اللَّحْدِ فَأَنْتَ الَّذِي يَا سَعْدُ أُبْتَ بِمَشْهَدٍ كَرِيمٍ وَأَثْوَابِ الْمَكَارِمِ وَالْحَمْدِ بِحُكْمِكَ فِي حَيَّيْ قُرَيْظَةَ بِالَّذِي قَضَى اللَّهُ فِيهِمْ مَا قَضَيْتَ عَلَى عَمْدِ فَوَافَقَ حُكْمَ اللَّهِ حُكْمُكَ فِيهِمُ وَلَمْ تَعْفُ إِذْ ذُكِّرْتَ مَا كَانَ مِنْ عَهْدِ فَإِنْ كَانَ رَيْبُ الدَّهْرِ أَمْضَاكَ فِي الْأُلَى شَرَوْا هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا بِجَنَّاتِهَا الْخُلْدِ فَنِعْمَ مَصِيرُ الصَّادِقِينَ إِذَا دُعُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ يَوْمًا لِلْوَجَاهَةِ وَالْقَصْدِ
Translation
✧ Ibn Isḥāq said: Abū Laylā ʿAbd Allāh b. Sahl b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Sahl al-Anṣārī, brother of the Banū Ḥārithah, narrated to me that ʿĀʾishah, the Mother of the Believers, was in the fortress of the Banū Ḥārithah on the day of al-Khandaq, and it was one of the most fortified fortresses of Madinah. He said: The mother of Saʿd b. Muʿādh was with her in the fortress. ʿĀʾishah said: That was before the ḥijāb was imposed upon us. She said: Saʿd passed by wearing a short coat of mail, from which his entire forearm had emerged, and in his hand was his short spear, with which he was strutting, saying: Linger a little; let the battle witness a bearer. No harm in death when the appointed time has come. His mother said to him: Hasten, my son, for by God you have delayed. ʿĀʾishah said: I said to her: O mother of Saʿd, by God, I wish Saʿd's coat of mail were more ample than it is. She said: I feared for him where the arrow struck him. Saʿd b. Muʿādh was shot with an arrow that severed his median cubital vein. Ibn Isḥāq said: ʿĀṣim b. ʿUmar b. Qatādah narrated to me, saying: He was shot by Ḥibbān b. Qays b. al-ʿAriqah, one of the Banū ʿĀmir b. Luʾayy. When it struck him, he said: Take it from me, and I am the son of al-ʿAriqah. Saʿd said to him: May God make your face sweat in the Fire. O God, if You have kept anything of the war with Quraysh, then keep me for it, for there is no people I love more to fight than a people who harmed Your Messenger, called him a liar, and expelled him. O God, if You have laid down the war between us and them, then make it a martyrdom for me, and do not let me die until You delight my eye from the Banū Qurayẓah. Ibn Isḥāq said: One whom I do not accuse narrated to me, from ʿAbd Allāh b. Kaʿb b. Mālik, that he used to say: None struck Saʿd that day except Abū Usāmah al-Jushamī, the ally of the Banū Makhzūm. Abū Usāmah spoke poetry about that, which he said to ʿIkrimah b. Abī Jahl: O ʿIkrimah, will you not blame me when you say to me: Khālid be your ransom by the towers of Madinah? Am I not the one who made Saʿd commit to a fatal shot, which had between the joints of the elbows a stubborn [wound]? He fulfilled his vow from it; Saʿīd perished, and lamented over him along with the gray-haired were the full-bosomed virgins. And you are the one who defended him when ʿUbaydah called a gathering of them as he struggled. At a time when one of them is deviating from his path, and another terrified has turned away from the purpose. Ibn Isḥāq said: God knows best which of that happened. Ibn Hishām said: It is also said that the one who shot Saʿd was Khafājah b. ʿĀṣim b. Ḥibbān. I say: God answered the supplication of His friend Saʿd b. Muʿādh concerning the Banū Qurayẓah; God delighted his eye, and he passed judgment upon them by His power and facilitation, and made them the ones seeking that, as its explanation will come. He ruled that their fighting men be killed and their offspring taken captive, until the Messenger of God ﷺ said to him: You have judged among them by the judgment of God from above seven heavens. The Death of Saʿd b. Muʿādh ؓ It was mentioned earlier that Ḥibbān b. al-ʿAriqah, may God curse him, shot him with an arrow that struck his median cubital vein. The Messenger of God ﷺ cauterized it by branding with fire, and the wound closed up. Saʿd had supplicated God not to cause him to die until He delighted his eye from the Banū Qurayẓah, and that was when they broke the treaties, covenants, and pacts that were between them and the Messenger of God ﷺ, and inclined against him with the confederates. When the confederates departed and dispersed from Madinah, and the Banū Qurayẓah returned with blackened faces and a losing bargain in this world and the Hereafter, and the Messenger of God ﷺ marched to besiege them, as previously mentioned, then when he tightened upon them and seized them from every side, they resorted to descending upon the judgment of the Messenger of God ﷺ, so that he might judge among them according to what God showed him. He returned the judgment among them to the chief of the Aws, for they had been their allies in the pre-Islamic era, and that was Saʿd b. Muʿādh. They were satisfied with that. It is also said: Rather, they initially descended upon the judgment of Saʿd, hoping for his tenderness toward them, his kindness, and his inclination to them. They did not know that they were more hateful to him than their equals among the apes and pigs, because of the strength of his faith and his eminence, ؓ and may He be pleased with him. The Messenger of God ﷺ sent for him while he was in a tent in the Prophet's Mosque. He was brought on a donkey with a packsaddle padded beneath him because of his illness. When he approached the tent of the Messenger ﷺ, he ﷺ ordered those there to stand for him. It is said: So that he might dismount due to the severity of his illness. It is also said: As a mark of respect for him in the presence of those upon whom judgment was to be passed, so that his judgment would be more effective. God knows best. When he judged among them with killing and captivity, and God delighted his eye and healed his heart from them, and he returned to his tent from the Prophet's Mosque in the company of the Messenger of God ﷺ, he supplicated God, Mighty and Majestic, that it be a martyrdom for him. God chose for him what is with Him. His wound burst open at night, and blood kept flowing from it until he died ؓ. Ibn Isḥāq said: When the affair of the Banū Qurayẓah was finished, the wound of Saʿd b. Muʿādh burst open, and he died from it as a martyr. Muʿādh b. Rifāʿah al-Zuraqī narrated to me, saying: Whoever I wished of the men of my people narrated to me that Jibrīl came to the Messenger of God ﷺ when Saʿd b. Muʿādh passed away in the middle of the night, veiled with a turban of silk brocade, and said: O Muḥammad, who is this dead man for whom the gates of heaven were opened and the Throne shook? He said: The Messenger of God ﷺ rose quickly, dragging his garment, to Saʿd, and found that he had died ؓ. Thus Ibn Isḥāq, may God have mercy on him, mentioned it. Al-Ḥāfiẓ al-Bayhaqī said in al-Dalāʾil: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ narrated to us; Abū al-ʿAbbās Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb narrated to us; Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbd al-Ḥakam narrated to us; my father and Shuʿayb b. al-Layth narrated to us, both saying: al-Layth b. Saʿd narrated to us, from Yazīd b. al-Hād, from Muʿādh b. Rifāʿah, from Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh, who said: Jibrīl came to the Messenger of God ﷺ and said: Who is this righteous servant who died, for whom the gates of heaven were opened and the Throne moved? He said: The Messenger of God ﷺ went out, and there was Saʿd b. Muʿādh. He said: The Messenger of God ﷺ sat at his grave while he was being buried. While he was sitting, he said: "Subḥān Allāh" twice, and the people glorified God. Then he said: "Allāhu akbar, Allāhu akbar," and the people said the takbīr. The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "I marveled at this righteous servant; he was squeezed severely in his grave until this was the moment when relief came to him." Imām Aḥmad and al-Nasāʾī narrated from the path of Yazīd b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Usāmah b. al-Hād and Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd, from Muʿādh b. Rifāʿah, from Jābir, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ said regarding Saʿd on the day he died while he was being buried: "Subḥān Allāh for this righteous servant for whom the Throne of the Most Merciful moved, and for whom the gates of heaven were opened. He was squeezed, then God relieved him." Muḥammad b. Isḥāq said: Muʿādh b. Rifāʿah narrated to me, from Maḥmūd b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAmr b. al-Jamūḥ, from Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh, who said: When Saʿd was buried and we were with the Messenger of God ﷺ, the Messenger of God ﷺ glorified God, and the people glorified with him. Then he said the takbīr, and the people said the takbīr with him. They said: O Messenger of God, why did you glorify God? He said: "The grave squeezed this righteous servant severely until God relieved him." Thus Imām Aḥmad narrated it from Yaʿqūb b. Ibrāhīm b. Saʿd, from his father, from Ibn Isḥāq. Ibn Hishām said: The meaning of this ḥadīth is the statement of ʿĀʾishah: The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "The grave has a squeezing; if anyone were to be saved from it, Saʿd b. Muʿādh would be." I say: This ḥadīth was narrated by Imām Aḥmad: Yaḥyā narrated to us, from Shuʿbah, from Saʿd b. Ibrāhīm, from Nāfiʿ, from ʿĀʾishah, from the Prophet ﷺ, who said: "The grave has a pressure; if anyone were to be saved from it, Saʿd b. Muʿādh would be saved." This ḥadīth has a chain that meets the criteria of the two Ṣaḥīḥs, except that Imām Aḥmad narrated it from Ghundar, from Shuʿbah, from Saʿd b. Ibrāhīm, from a person, from ʿĀʾishah. Al-Ḥāfiẓ al-Bazzār narrated it from Nāfiʿ, from Ibn ʿUmar, who said: ʿAbd al-Aʿlā b. Ḥammād narrated to us; Dāwūd narrated to us, from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān; ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿUmar narrated to us, from Nāfiʿ, from Ibn ʿUmar, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "On the day Saʿd b. Muʿādh died, seventy thousand angels descended to the earth; they had not descended before that. And the grave squeezed him with a squeeze." He said: Then Nāfiʿ wept. This is a good chain, but al-Bazzār said: Others narrated it from ʿUbayd Allāh, from Nāfiʿ, as mursal. Then al-Bazzār narrated it from Sulaymān b. Sayf, from Abū ʿAttāb, from Miskīn b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Yazīd b. al-Khaṭṭāb, from Nāfiʿ, from Ibn ʿUmar, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "For the death of Saʿd b. Muʿādh, seventy thousand angels descended who had never before trodden the earth." And he said when he was buried: "Subḥān Allāh; if anyone were to escape the pressure of the grave, Saʿd would escape it." Al-Bazzār said: Ismāʿīl b. Ḥafṣ narrated to us; Muḥammad b. Fuḍayl narrated to us; ʿAṭāʾ b. al-Sāʾib narrated to us, from Mujāhid, from Ibn ʿUmar, who said: The Throne shook out of love for Saʿd b. Muʿādh's meeting with God. He said: He said: It only means the bier. And He raised his parents upon the throne (Yūsuf: 100). He said: Its timbers became loose. He said: The Messenger of God ﷺ entered his grave and was detained. When he came out, it was said to him: O Messenger of God, what detained you? He said: "Saʿd was squeezed in the grave with a squeeze, so I supplicated to God and He relieved him." Al-Bazzār said: ʿAṭāʾ b. al-Sāʾib is alone in narrating it. I say: He is criticized. Al-Bayhaqī, may God have mercy on him, mentioned after his narration of the squeezing of Saʿd ؓ in the grave a strange report, saying: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ narrated to us; Abū al-ʿAbbās narrated to us; Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Jabbār narrated to us; Yūnus narrated to us, from Ibn Isḥāq, who said: Umayyah b. ʿAbd Allāh narrated to me that he asked some of the family of Saʿd: What has reached you of the statement of the Messenger of God ﷺ concerning this? They said: It was mentioned to us that the Messenger of God ﷺ was asked about that, and he said: "He used to fall short in some of the purification from urine." Al-Bukhārī said: Muḥammad b. al-Muthannā narrated to us; al-Faḍl b. Musāwir narrated to us; Abū ʿAwānah narrated to us, from al-Aʿmash, from Abū Sufyān, from Jābir, who said: I heard the Prophet ﷺ say: "The Throne shook for the death of Saʿd b. Muʿādh." And from al-Aʿmash: Abū Ṣāliḥ narrated to us, from Jābir, from the Prophet ﷺ, the like of it. A man said to Jābir: Al-Barāʾ b. ʿĀzib says: The bier shook. He said: There were grudges between these two tribes. I heard the Prophet ﷺ say: "The Throne of the Most Merciful shook for the death of Saʿd b. Muʿādh." Muslim narrated it from ʿAmr al-Nāqid, from ʿAbd Allāh b. Idrīs, and Ibn Mājah from ʿAlī b. Muḥammad, from Abū Muʿāwiyah, both from al-Aʿmash. They do not have the addition of al-Aʿmash's statement from Abū Ṣāliḥ, from Jābir. Aḥmad said: ʿAbd al-Razzāq narrated to us, from Ibn Jurayj, who said: Abū al-Zubayr informed me that he heard Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh say: I heard the Messenger of God ﷺ say while the funeral bier of Saʿd b. Muʿādh was before them: "The Throne of the Most Merciful shook for it." Muslim narrated it from ʿAbd b. Ḥumayd, and al-Tirmidhī from Maḥmūd b. Ghaylān, both from ʿAbd al-Razzāq. Imām Aḥmad said: Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd narrated to us; ʿAwf narrated to us; Abū Naḍrah narrated to us, saying: I heard Abū Saʿīd, from the Prophet ﷺ: "The Throne shook for the death of Saʿd b. Muʿādh." Al-Nasāʾī narrated it from Yaʿqūb b. Ibrāhīm, from Yaḥyā. Aḥmad said: ʿAbd al-Wahhāb narrated to us, from Saʿīd, who said: Qatādah said: Anas b. Mālik narrated to us that the Messenger of God ﷺ said—while his funeral bier was placed—: "The Throne of the Most Merciful shook for it." Muslim narrated it from Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Ruzzī, from ʿAbd al-Wahhāb. Al-Bayhaqī narrated from the ḥadīth of al-Muʿtamir b. Sulaymān, from his father, from al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī, who said: The Throne of the Most Merciful shook out of joy for his soul. Al-Ḥāfiẓ Abū Bakr al-Bazzār said: Zuhayr b. Muḥammad narrated to us; ʿAbd al-Razzāq narrated to us; Maʿmar narrated to us, from Qatādah, from Anas, who said: When the funeral bier of Saʿd was carried, the hypocrites said: How light his bier is! That was because of his judgment regarding the Banū Qurayẓah. The Messenger of God ﷺ was asked, and he said: "No, but the angels were carrying him." The chain is good. Benefit: Shaykh Abū ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-Barr said: The ḥadīth of the shaking of the Throne is established and mutawātir. Al-Suhaylī said: A group of Companions narrated it, among them Jābir, Abū Saʿīd, Usayd b. Ḥuḍayr, and Rumaythah bt. ʿAmr. He said: It is to be taken literally, for the Throne is not incapable of movement and shaking. He said: As for what is narrated from Mālik of weakening this ḥadīth and disparaging the narration of it, perhaps that is not authentically reported from him, and God knows best. Al-Bukhārī said: Muḥammad b. Bashshār narrated to us; Ghundar narrated to us; Shuʿbah narrated to us, from Abū Isḥāq, who said: I heard al-Barāʾ b. ʿĀzib say: A silk robe was gifted to the Prophet ﷺ, and his Companions began touching it and marveling at its softness. He said: "Do you marvel at the softness of this? The handkerchiefs of Saʿd b. Muʿādh are better than it, or softer." Then he said: Qatādah and al-Zuhrī narrated it; we heard Anas, from the Prophet ﷺ. Aḥmad said: ʿAbd al-Wahhāb narrated to us, from Saʿīd, who is Ibn Abī ʿArūbah, from Qatādah, from Anas b. Mālik, that Ukaydir of Dūmah gifted the Messenger of God ﷺ a jubba, and that was before silk was forbidden. He wore it, and the people marveled at it. He said: "By the One in Whose Hand is my soul, the handkerchiefs of Saʿd in Paradise are more beautiful than this." This chain meets the criteria of the two Shaykhs, but they did not include it; al-Bukhārī mentioned it in muʿallaq form. Aḥmad said: Yazīd narrated to us; Muḥammad b. ʿAmr narrated to us; Wāqid b. ʿAmr b. Saʿd b. Muʿādh narrated to me—Muḥammad said: Wāqid was among the best, greatest, and tallest of people—he said: I entered upon Anas b. Mālik, and he said to me: Who are you? I said: I am Wāqid b. ʿAmr b. Saʿd b. Muʿādh. He said: You indeed resemble Saʿd. Then he wept, and wept much, and said: May God's mercy be upon Saʿd; he was among the greatest and tallest of people. Then he said: The Messenger of God ﷺ sent an army to Ukaydir of Dūmah, and he sent the Messenger of God ﷺ a jubba of silk brocade, with gold woven into it. The Messenger of God ﷺ wore it, then stood on the pulpit, or sat, and did not speak. Then he descended, and the people began touching the jubba and looking at it. The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "Do you marvel at it? The handkerchiefs of Saʿd b. Muʿādh in Paradise are more beautiful than what you see." Thus al-Tirmidhī and al-Nasāʾī narrated it from the ḥadīth of Muḥammad b. ʿAmr, and al-Tirmidhī said: Ḥasan ṣaḥīḥ. Ibn Isḥāq said: After mentioning the shaking of the Throne for the death of Saʿd b. Muʿādh, and concerning that a man from the Anṣār says: And the Throne of God did not shake at the death of any perishing one we have heard of, except for Saʿd, Abū ʿAmr. He said: And his mother—meaning Kubayshah bt. Rāfiʿ b. Muʿāwiyah b. ʿUbayd b. Thaʿlabah al-Khudriyyah al-Khazrajiyyah—said when Saʿd was carried on his bier, lamenting him: Woe to the mother of Saʿd, Saʿd—in resoluteness and sharpness, In lordship and glory, and a fully prepared horseman, By whom a gap was closed—he cleaves skulls, cleaving them. He said: The Messenger of God ﷺ says: Every wailing woman lies, except the wailing woman of Saʿd b. Muʿādh. I say: His death occurred after the departure of the Confederates by about twenty-five nights. The arrival of the Confederates was in Shawwāl of the year five, as has preceded. They stayed close to a month. Then the Messenger of God ﷺ went out to besiege the Banū Qurayẓah and stayed against them twenty-five nights. Then they submitted to the judgment of Saʿd, and he died shortly after his judgment upon them. That would thus be in the last part of Dhū al-Qaʿdah or the first part of Dhū al-Ḥijjah of the year five. And God knows best. And likewise Muḥammad b. Isḥāq said: The conquest of the Banū Qurayẓah was in Dhū al-Qaʿdah and the beginning of Dhū al-Ḥijjah. He said: The polytheists presided over that pilgrimage. Ibn Isḥāq said: And Ḥassān b. Thābit said, elegizing Saʿd b. Muʿādh ؓ: My eye has indeed shed copious tears, and it is right for my eye to overflow for Saʿd— A slain one who lay in a battlefield by which eyes were afflicted, streaming with tears, constant in grief, Upon the creed of the Merciful, an inheritor of Paradise, with the martyrs—its delegation is the noblest delegation. Even if you have bidden us farewell and left us, and have come to be in dusty, dark grave, You are the one, O Saʿd, who returned with a noble presence and the garments of excellences and praise, By your judgment concerning the two clans of Qurayẓah, with what God decreed against them—you judged with deliberate intent. Your judgment regarding them conformed to God's judgment, and you did not pardon when you were reminded of what was by way of covenant. If the vicissitudes of time have taken you away among those who sold this world for its gardens of eternity, Then excellent is the destination of the truthful when they are called one day to God, for honor and right purpose.
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