Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1220
The Expedition of al-Khandaq (the Confederates)
رَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الْمُهَلَّبِ بْنِ أَبِي صُفْرَةَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي رَجُلٌ مِنْ صَحَابَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَيْلَةَ الْخَنْدَقِ: إِنِّي لَأَرَى الْقَوْمَ اللَّيْلَةَ فَإِنَّ شِعَارَكُمْ: هُمْ لَا يُنْصَرُونَ. وَكَانَ حَسَّانُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ مَعَ النِّسَاءِ وَالذَّرَارِيِّ فِي الْآطَامِ . فَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ شُيُوخِهِ، وَأَبُو يَعْلَى وَالْبَزَّارُ بِسَنَدٍ حَسَنٍ، عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ ؓ، وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ بِرِجَالِ الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ مُرْسَلًا: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ إِلَى الْخَنْدَقِ فَجَعَلَ نِسَاءَهُ وَعَمَّتَهُ صَفِيَّةَ فِي أُطُمٍ يُقَالُ لَهَا فَارِعٌ، وَجَعَلَ مَعَهُمْ حَسَّانَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ. وَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْخَنْدَقِ، فَأَقْبَلَ عَشَرَةٌ مِنْ يَهُودَ، فَجَعَلُوا يَنْقَمِعُونَ وَيَرْمُونَ الْحِصْنَ، وَدَنَا أَحَدُهُمْ إِلَى بَابِ الْحِصْنِ، وَقَدْ حَارَبَتْ قُرَيْظَةُ وَقَطَعَتْ مَا بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَيْسَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُمْ أَحَدٌ يَدْفَعُ عَنَّا، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي نَحْرِ الْعَدُوِّ، لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ أَنْ يَنْصَرِفُوا عَنْهُمْ إِلَيْنَا إِذْ أَتَانَا آتٍ، فَقُلْتُ لِحَسَّانَ: يَا حَسَّانُ قُمْ إِلَيْهِ فَاقْتُلْهُ، فَقَالَ: يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لَكِ يَا بِنْتَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ عَرَفْتُ مَا أَنَا بِصَاحِبِ هَذَا، وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ فِيَّ لَخَرَجْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. قَالَتْ صَفِيَّةُ: فَلَمَّا قَالَ ذَلِكَ، وَلَمْ أَرَ عِنْدَهُ شَيْئًا احْتَجَزَتْ ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُ سَيْفًا فَرَبَطْتُهُ عَلَى ذِرَاعِي، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمْتُ إِلَيْهِ حَتَّى قَتَلْتُهُ، وَفِي لَفْظٍ: فَأَخَذْتُ عَمُودًا، ثُمَّ نَزَلْتُ مِنَ الْحِصْنِ فَضَرَبْتُهُ بِالْعَمُودِ ضَرْبَةً شَدَخْتُ فِيهَا رَأْسَهُ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغْتُ مِنْهُ رَجَعْتُ إِلَى الْحِصْنِ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا حَسَّانُ، انْزِلْ إِلَيْهِ فَاسْلُبْهُ، فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَمْنَعْنِي مِنْ سَلَبِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ رَجُلٌ، قَالَ: مَا لِي بِسَلَبِهِ مِنْ حَاجَةٍ يَا بِنْتَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ. فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: خُذِ الرَّأْسَ وَارْمِ بِهِ عَلَى الْيَهُودِ، قَالَ: مَا ذَاكَ فِيَّ، فَأَخَذَتْ هِيَ الرَّأْسَ فَرَمَتْ بِهِ عَلَى الْيَهُودِ، فَقَالُوا: قَدْ عَلِمْنَا أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا لَمْ يَتْرُكْ لَهُ خُلُوفًا لَيْسَ مَعَهُمْ أَحَدٌ، فَتَفَرَّقُوا. زَادَ أَبُو يَعْلَى: فَأُخْبِرَ بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَضَرَبَ لِصَفِيَّةَ بِسَهْمٍ كَمَا يَضْرِبُ لِلرِّجَالِ . حَكَى السُّهَيْلِيُّ عَنْ بَعْضِهِمْ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَ حَسَّانُ جَبَانًا شَدِيدَ الْجُبْنِ. قَالَ: وَأَنْكَرَ آخَرُونَ ذَلِكَ، وَطَعَنُوا فِي الْخَبَرِ، فَقَالُوا: هُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ قَالُوا: وَقَدْ كَانَ يُهَاجِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ مِنَ الشُّعَرَاءِ؛ كَابْنِ الزِّبَعْرَى، وَضِرَارِ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَغَيْرِهِمَا، فَلَمْ يُعَيِّرْهُ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمْ بِالْجُبْنِ قَالَ: وَمِمَّنْ أَنْكَرَ ذَلِكَ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو عُمَرَ النَّمَرِيُّ قَالُوا: وَبِتَقْدِيرِ صِحَّةِ الْخَبَرِ، لَعَلَّهُ كَانَ مُنْقَطِعًا فِي الْآطَامِ لَعِلَّةٍ عَارِضَةٍ، وَمَالَ إِلَى هَذَا السُّهَيْلِيُّ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ
Translation
✧ Ibn Saʿd narrated, from al-Muhallab b. Abī Ṣufrah, who said: A man from among the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ narrated to me that on the night of al-Khandaq the Prophet ﷺ said: "I can see the people tonight; your watchword is: 'They shall not be aided.'" Ḥassān b. Thābit was with the women and children in the forts. Muḥammad b. Isḥāq narrated from ʿAbbād b. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr, and Muḥammad b. ʿUmar from his shaykhs, and Abū Yaʿlā and al-Bazzār with a ḥasan chain from al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām ؓ, and al-Ṭabarānī with the men of the Ṣaḥīḥ from ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr as a mursal report: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out to the Trench and placed his wives and his paternal aunt Ṣafiyyah in a fort called Fāriʿ, and he placed Ḥassān b. Thābit with them. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out to the Trench. Ten of the Jews approached and began to take cover and shoot at the fort. One of them drew near to the gate of the fort. Qurayẓah had already broken their pact and severed what was between them and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and there was no one between us and them to defend us, while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was facing the enemy and they could not turn away from them to come to us. Then someone came to us, so I said to Ḥassān: "O Ḥassān, rise against him and kill him." He said: "May Allah forgive you, O daughter of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib. By Allah, I know that I am not the man for this. If that were in me, I would have gone out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." Ṣafiyyah said: When he said that and I saw nothing in him, I tucked up my garment, took a sword, tied it on my arm, then advanced toward him until I killed him. In another wording: I took a club, then I descended from the fort and struck him with the club a blow with which I crushed his head. When I finished with him I returned to the fort and said: "O Ḥassān, go down to him and strip him, for nothing prevented me from stripping him except that he is a man." He said: "I have no need of his spoils, O daughter of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib." I said to him: "Take the head and throw it at the Jews." He said: "That is not in me." So she took the head and threw it at the Jews, and they said: "We knew that Muḥammad would not leave behind people with no one among them." So they dispersed. Abū Yaʿlā added: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was informed of that, and he allotted Ṣafiyyah a share as he allotted for the men. Al-Suhaylī related from some of them that he said: Ḥassān was a coward, extremely cowardly. He said: Others denied that and impugned the report, saying: It is munqaṭiʿ. They said: He used to satirize the polytheists among the poets, such as Ibn al-Zibaʿrā and Ḍirār b. al-Khaṭṭāb and others, and not one of them ever taunted him with cowardice. He said: Among those who denied that was Shaykh Abū ʿUmar al-Namarī. They said: Even if the report were sound, perhaps he was staying in the forts because of a temporary ailment. Al-Suhaylī inclined to this view. And Allah knows best.
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