Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1222
The Expedition of al-Khandaq (the Confederates)
ذِكْرُ انْهِزَامِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَإِرْسَالِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِمِ الْبَرْدَ وَالرِّيحَ وَالْمَلَائِكَةَ تُزَلْزِلُهُمْ قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ الرِّيحَ فِي لَيْلَةٍ بَارِدَةٍ شَاتِيَةٍ. فَجَعَلَتْ تَكْفَأُ قُدُورَهُمْ، وَتَطْرَحُ آنِيَتَهُمْ . وَرَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْخَنْدَقِ أَتَى جِبْرِيلُ وَمَعَهُ الرِّيحُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ رَأَى جِبْرِيلَ: «أَلَا أَبْشِرُوا !» ثَلَاثًا، فَأَرْسَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِمُ الرِّيحَ، فَهَتَكَتِ الْقِبَابَ، وَكَفَأَتِ الْقُدُورَ، وَدَفَنَتِ الرِّجَالَ، وَقَطَعَتِ الْأَوْتَادَ، فَانْطَلَقُوا لَا يَلْوِي أَحَدٌ عَلَى أَحَدٍ، وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: إِذْ جَاءَتْكُمْ جُنُودٌ فَأَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحًا وَجُنُودًا لَمْ تَرَوْهَا [الْأَحْزَابِ 9]. وَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ وَأَبُو نُعَيْمٍ وَالْبَزَّارُ بِرِجَالِ الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ قَالَ: لَمَّا كَانَتْ لَيْلَةُ الْأَحْزَابِ جَاءَتِ الشَّمَالُ إِلَى الْجَنُوبِ فَقَالَتِ: انْطَلِقِي فَانْصُرِي اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ، فَقَالَتِ الْجَنُوبُ: إِنَّ الْحُرَّةَ لَا تَسْرِي بِاللَّيْلِ، فَغَضِبَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهَا فَجَعَلَهَا عَقِيمًا، وَأَرْسَلَ الصَّبَا، فَأَطْفَأَتْ نِيرَانَهُمْ، وَقَطَّعَتْ أَطْنَابَهُمْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «نُصِرْتُ بِالصَّبَا، وَأُهْلِكَتْ عَادٌ بِالدَّبُورِ» . وَرَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَالشَّيْخَانِ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ عَنْهُ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «نُصِرْتُ بِالصَّبَا، وَأُهْلِكَتْ عَادٌ بِالدَّبُورِ». وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: فَأَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحًا قَالَ: يَعْنِي رِيحَ الصَّبَا، أُرْسِلَتْ عَلَى الْأَحْزَابِ يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ، حَتَّى كَفَأَتْ قُدُورَهُمْ عَلَى أَفْوَاهِهَا، وَنَزَعَتْ فَسَاطِيطَهُمْ حَتَّى أَظْعَنَتْهُمْ. وَجُنُودًا لَمْ تَرَوْهَا قَالَ: الْمَلَائِكَةُ. قَالَ: وَلَمْ تُقَاتِلْ يَوْمَئِذٍ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ وَابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: بَعَثَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِمُ الرِّيحَ وَالرُّعْبَ كُلَّمَا بَنَوْا قَطَعَ اللَّهُ أَطْنَابَهُ، وَكُلَّمَا رَبَطُوا دَابَّةً قَطَعَ اللَّهُ رِبَاطَهَا، وَكُلَّمَا أَوْقَدُوا نَارًا لِلْحَرْبِ أَطْفَأَهَا اللَّهُ، حَتَّى لَقَدْ ذَكَرَ لَنَا: أَنَّ سَيِّدَ كُلِّ حَيٍّ يَقُولُ: يَا بَنِي فُلَانٍ، هَلُمَّ إِلَيَّ حَتَّى إِذَا اجْتَمَعُوا عِنْدَهُ قَالَ: «النَّجَاةَ النَّجَاةَ، أَتَيْتُمْ» ! لَمَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الرُّعْبِ. قَالَ الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ: ثُمَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى نَصَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالرِّيحِ، وَكَانَتْ رِيحًا صَفْرَاءَ فَمَلَأَتْ عُيُونَهُمْ، فَدَاخَلَهُمُ الْفَشَلُ وَالْوَهَنُ وَانْهَزَمَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ، وَانْصَرَفُوا إِلَى مُعَسْكَرِهِمْ، وَدَامَتْ عَلَيْهِمِ الرِّيحُ، وَغَشِيَتْهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ تَطْمِسُ أَبْصَارَهُمْ، فَانْصَرَفُوا وَرَدَّ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِغَيْظِهِمْ لَمْ يَنَالُوا خَيْرًا وَكَفَى اللَّهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْقِتَالَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ قَوِيًّا عَزِيزًا [الْأَحْزَابِ 25]. قَالَ أَبُو الْخَطَّابِ بْنُ دِحْيَةَ: هَذِهِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ بَعَثَهَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فَنَفَثَتْ فِي رَوْعِهِمُ الرُّعْبَ وَالْفَشَلَ، وَفِي قُلُوبِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْقُوَّةَ وَالْأَمَلَ، وَقِيلَ: إِنَّمَا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ الْمَلَائِكَةَ تَزْجُرُ خَيْلَ الْعَدُوِّ وَإِبِلَهُمْ، فَقَطَعُوا مُدَّةَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ. فَارِّينَ مُنْهَزِمِينَ. ذِكْرُ انْصِرَافِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْخَنْدَقِ بَعْدَ رَحِيلِ أَعْدَائِهِ وَإِخْبَارِهِ بِأَنَّ قُرَيْشًا لَا تَغْزُوهُ أَبَدًا وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ الَّذِي يَغْزُوهُمْ رَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَالْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ صُرَدَ وَالْبَزَّارُ بِرِجَالٍ ثِقَاتٍ وَأَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ؓ، وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ أَجْلَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ الْأَحْزَابَ: «الْآنَ نَغْزُوهُمْ وَلَا يَغْزُونَنَا ، نَحْنُ نَسِيرُ إِلَيْهِمْ». قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: فَلَمْ تَعُدْ قُرَيْشٌ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَغْزُوهُمْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى فَتَحَ مَكَّةَ. وَرَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ، أَعَزَّ جُنْدَهُ، وَنَصَرَ عَبْدَهُ، وَغَلَبَ- وَفِي لَفْظٍ: وَهَزَمَ- الْأَحْزَابَ وَحْدَهُ، فَلَا شَيْءَ بَعْدَهُ». قَالُوا: وَأَصْبَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْخَنْدَقِ، وَلَيْسَ بِحَضْرَتِهِ أَحَدٌ مِنْ عَسَاكِرِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، قَدْ هَرَبُوا وَانْقَشَعُوا إِلَى بِلَادِهِمْ، فَأَذِنَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي الِانْصِرَافِ إِلَى مَنَازِلِهِمْ، فَخَرَجُوا مُبَادِرِينَ مَسْرُورِينَ بِذَلِكَ، فَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ تَعْلَمَ بَنُو قُرَيْظَةَ حُبَّ رَجْعَتِهِمْ إِلَى مَنَازِلِهِمْ، فَأَمَرَ بِرَدِّهِمْ، فَبَعَثَ مَنْ يُنَادِي فِي إِثْرِهِمْ، فَمَا رَجَعَ مِنْهُمْ رَجُلٌ وَاحِدٌ. رَوَى الطَّبَرَانِيُّ مِنْ طَرِيقَيْنِ رِجَالُهُمَا ثِقَاتٌ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ؓ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِرَدِّهِمْ، قَالَا: فَجَعَلْنَا نَصِيحُ فِي إِثْرِهِمْ فِي كُلِّ نَاحِيَةٍ: «إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تَرْجِعُوا»، فَمَا رَجَعَ مِنْهُمْ رَجُلٌ وَاحِدٌ، مِنَ الْقُرِّ وَالْجُوعِ. قَالَا: وَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُرْعَتَهُمْ، وَكَرِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ لِقُرَيْشٍ عُيُونٌ. قَالَ جَابِرٌ: فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَقِيتُهُ فِي بَنِي حَرَامٍ مُنْصَرِفًا فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ، فَضَحِكَ ﷺ. وَكَانَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ بِنَاحِيَةِ الْمَدِينَةِ يَتَحَدَّثُونَ بِنَبِيِّ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابِهِ، وَيَقُولُونَ: مَا هَلَكُوا بَعْدُ، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمُوا بِذَهَابِ الْأَحْزَابِ، وَسَرَّهُمْ أَنْ جَاءَهُمُ الْأَحْزَابُ وَهُمْ بَادُونَ فِي الْأَعْرَابِ، مَخَافَةَ الْقِتَالِ. ذِكْرُ إِرْسَالِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنَ الْيَمَانِ ؓ لِيَكْشِفَ لَهُ خَبَرَهُمْ رَوَى الْحَاكِمُ وَصَحَّحَهُ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ، وَأَبُو نُعَيْمٍ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ كِلَاهُمَا فِي الدَّلَائِلِ مَنْ طُرُقٍ عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ وَمُسْلِمٍ، وَابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ التَّيْمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ، وَأَبُو نُعَيْمٍ مُخْتَصَرًا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ حُذَيْفَةَ ؓ ذَكَرَ مَشَاهِدَهُمْ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ جُلَسَاؤُهُ: أَمَا وَاللَّهِ لَوْ شَهِدْنَا ذَلِكَ لَكُنَّا فَعَلْنَا وَفَعَلْنَا- وَفِي لَفْظٍ: فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: لَوْ أَدْرَكْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَقَاتَلْتُ مَعَهُ وَأَبْلَيْتُ- فَقَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ: لَا تَتَمَنَّوْا ذَلِكَ، لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُنَا لَيْلَةَ الْأَحْزَابِ وَنَحْنُ صَافُّونَ قُعُودٌ، وَأَبُو سُفْيَانَ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْأَحْزَابِ فَوْقَنَا، وَقُرَيْظَةُ الْيَهُودِ أَسْفَلَ مِنَّا نَخَافُهُمْ عَلَى ذَرَارِيِّنَا، وَمَا أَتَتْ عَلَيْنَا لَيْلَةٌ قَطُّ أَشَدُّ ظُلْمَةً، وَلَا أَشَدُّ رِيحًا مِنْهَا، وَفِي أَصْوَاتِ رِيحِهَا أَمْثَالُ الصَّوَاعِقِ، وَهِيَ ظُلْمَةٌ مَا يَرَى أَحَدُنَا إِصْبَعَهُ، فَجَعَلَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَيَقُولُونَ: إِنَّ بُيُوتَنَا عَوْرَةٌ وَمَا هِيَ بِعَوْرَةٍ [الْأَحْزَابِ 13] فَمَا يَسْتَأْذِنُهُ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا أَذِنَ لَهُ، فَيَتَسَلَّلُونَ، وَنَحْنُ ثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ أَوْ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ، فَاسْتَقْبَلَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَجُلًا رَجُلًا، يَقُولُ: أَلَا رَجُلٌ يَأْتِينِي بِخَبَرِ الْقَوْمِ يَكُونُ مَعِي يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ- وَفِي لَفْظٍ: جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ رَفِيقَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ- فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ، ثُمَّ الثَّانِيَةَ، ثُمَّ الثَّالِثَةَ مِثْلَهُ. فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ابْعَثْ حُذَيْفَةَ، فَقُلْتُ: دُونَكَ وَاللَّهِ، فَمَرَّ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَا عَلَيَّ جُنَّةٌ مِنَ الْعَدُوِّ وَلَا مِنَ الْبَرْدِ إِلَّا مِرْطًا لِامْرَأَتِي مَا يُجَاوِزُ رُكْبَتِي، قَالَ: فَأَتَانِي وَأَنَا جَاثٍ عَلَى رُكْبَتِي فَقَالَ: «مَنْ هَذَا ؟ » فَقُلْتُ: حُذَيْفَةُ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «حُذَيْفَةُ». فَقَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ: فَتَقَاصَرْتُ لِلْأَرْضِ، فَقُلْتُ: بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، كَرَاهِيَةَ أَنْ أَقُومَ، قَالَ: «قُمْ»، فَقُمْتُ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّهُ كَائِنٌ فِي الْقَوْمِ خَبَرٌ، فَأْتِنِي بِخَبَرِ الْقَوْمِ» . فَقُلْتُ: وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ، مَا قُمْتُ إِلَّا حَيَاءً مِنْكَ مِنَ الْبَرْدِ. قَالَ: «لَا بَأْسَ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ حَرٍّ وَلَا بَرْدٍ حَتَّى تَرْجِعَ إِلَيَّ». قَالَ: «وَأَنَا مِنْ أَشَدِّ النَّاسِ فَزَعًا وَأَشَدِّهِمْ قُرًّا»، فَقُلْتُ: وَاللَّهِ مَا بِي أَنْ أُقْتَلَ، وَلَكِنْ أَخْشَى أَنْ أُوسَرَ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّكَ لَنْ تُؤْسَرَ»، قَالَ: فَخَرَجْتُ، فَقَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ احْفَظْهُ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ وَعَنْ يَمِينِهِ، وَعَنْ شِمَالِهِ، وَمِنْ فَوْقِهِ وَمِنْ تَحْتِهِ». قَالَ: فَوَاللَّهِ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي جَوْفِي فَزَعًا وَلَا قُرًّا إِلَّا خَرَجَ، فَمَا أَجِدُ فِيهِ شَيْئًا، فَمَضَيْتُ كَأَنَّمَا أَمْشِي فِي حَمَّامٍ، فَلَمَّا وَلَّيْتُ، دَعَانِي فَقَالَ: «يَا حُذَيْفَةُ، لَا تُحْدِثَنَّ فِي الْقَوْمِ شَيْئًا حَتَّى تَأْتِيَنِي». وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مُرْنِي بِمَا شِئْتَ، فَقَالَ ﷺ: «اذْهَبْ حَتَّى تَدْخُلَ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَيِ الْقَوْمِ، فَأْتِ قُرَيْشًا، فَقُلْ: يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ، إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ النَّاسُ إِذَا كَانَ غَدًا أَنْ يَقُولُوا: أَيْنَ قُرَيْشٌ ؟ أَيْنَ قَادَةُ النَّاسِ ؟ أَيْنَ رُؤُوسُ النَّاسِ ؟ فَيُقَدِّمُوكُمْ، فَتَصَلُوا الْقِتَالَ فَيَكُونُ الْقَتْلُ فِيكُمْ، ثُمَّ ائْتِ بَنِي كِنَانَةَ فَقُلْ: يَا مَعْشَرَ بَنِي كِنَانَةَ، إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ النَّاسُ إِذْ كَانَ غَدًا أَنْ يَقُولُوا: أَيْنَ بَنِي كِنَانَةَ ؟ أَيْنَ رُمَاةُ الْحَدَقِ فَيُقَدِّمُوكُمْ، فَتَصَلُوا الْقِتَالَ، فَيَكُونُ الْقَتْلُ فِيكُمْ، ثُمَّ ائْتِ قَيْسًا فَقُلْ: يَا مَعْشَرَ قَيْسٍ، إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ النَّاسُ إِذَا كَانَ غَدًا أَنْ يَقُولُوا: أَيْنَ قَيْسٌ ؟ أَيْنَ أَحْلَاسُ الْخَيْلِ ؟ أَيْنَ الْفُرْسَانُ ؟ فَيُقَدِّمُوكُمْ، فَتَصَلُوا الْقِتَالَ، فَيَكُونُ الْقَتْلُ فِيكُمْ». فَقَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ: فَخَرَجْتُ حَتَّى إِذَا دَنَوْتُ مِنْ عَسْكَرِ الْقَوْمِ نَظَرْتُ فِي ضَوْءِ نَارٍ لَهُمْ تَوَقَّدَ، وَإِذَا رَجُلٌ أَدْهَمُ ضَخْمٌ يَقُولُ بِيَدِهِ عَلَى النَّارِ وَيَمْسَحُ خَاصِرَتَهُ، وَحَوْلَهُ عُصْبَةٌ، قَدْ تَفَرَّقَ عَنْهُ الْأَحْزَابُ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: الرَّحِيلَ الرَّحِيلَ وَلَمْ أَكُنْ أَعْرِفُ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ فَانْتَزَعْتُ سَهْمًا مِنْ كِنَانَتِي أَبْيَضَ الرِّيشِ فَوَضَعْتُهُ فِي كَبِدِ الْقَوْسِ لِأَرْمِيَهُ فِي ضَوْءِ النَّارِ، فَذَكَرْتُ قَوْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تُحْدِثَنَّ فِي الْقَوْمِ شَيْئًا، حَتَّى تَأْتِيَنِي» فَأَمْسَكْتُ وَرَدَدْتُ سَهْمِي. فَلَمَّا جَلَسْتُ فِيهِمْ أَحَسَّ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ أَنْ قَدْ دَخَلَ فِيهِمْ غَيْرُهُمْ، فَقَالَ: لِيَأْخُذْ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنْكُمْ بِيَدِ جَلِيسِهِ، وَفِي لَفْظٍ: فَلْيَنْظُرْ مَنْ جَلِيسُهُ. فَضَرَبْتُ بِيَدِي عَلَى يَدِ الَّذِي عَنْ يَمِينِي فَأَخَذْتُ بِيَدِهِ، فَقُلْتُ: مَنْ أَنْتَ ؟ قَالَ: مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، ثُمَّ ضَرَبْتُ بِيَدِي عَلَى يَدِ الَّذِي عَنْ شِمَالِي فَقُلْتُ: مَنْ أَنْتَ ؟ قَالَ: عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ، فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ خَشْيَةَ أَنْ يُفْطَنَ بِي فَبَدْرَتُهُمْ بِالْمَسْأَلَةِ، ثُمَّ تَلَبَّثْتُ فِيهِمْ هُنَيْهَةً. وَأَتَيْتُ بَنِي كِنَانَةَ وَقَيْسًا، وَقُلْتُ مَا أَمَرَنِي بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ دَخَلْتُ فِي الْعَسْكَرِ، فَإِذَا أَدْنَى النَّاسِ مِنِّي بَنُو عَامِرٍ، وَنَادَى عَامِرُ بْنُ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ عُلَاثَةَ: يَا بَنِي عَامِرٍ، إِنَّ الرِّيحَ قَاتِلَتِي وَأَنَا عَلَى ظَهْرٍ، وَأَخَذَتْهُمْ رِيحٌ شَدِيدَةٌ، وَصَاحَ بِأَصْحَابِهِ. فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ أَصْحَابُهُ جَعَلُوا يَقُولُونَ: يَا بَنِي عَامِرٍ، الرَّحِيلَ الرَّحِيلَ، لَا مُقَامَ لَكُمْ. وَإِذَا الرِّيحُ فِي عَسْكَرِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ مَا تَجَاوَزَ عَسْكَرَهُمْ شِبْرًا ، فَوَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَسْمَعُ صَوْتَ الْحِجَارَةِ فِي رِحَالِهِمْ، وَفُرُشِهِمْ وَالرِّيحُ تَضْرِبُ بِهَا، فَلَمَّا دَنَا الصُّبْحُ نَادَوْا: أَيْنَ قُرَيْشٌ ؟ أَيْنَ رُؤُوسُ النَّاسِ ؟ فَقَالُوا: أَيْهَاتِ، هَذَا الَّذِي أَتَيْنَا بِهِ الْبَارِحَةَ. أَيْنَ كِنَانَةُ ؟ فَقَالُوا: أَيْهَاتِ، هَذَا الَّذِي أَتَيْنَا بِهِ الْبَارِحَةَ، أَيْنَ قَيْسٌ ؟ أَيْنَ أَحْلَاسُ الْخَيْلِ ؟ فَقَالُوا: أَيْهَاتِ، هَذَا الَّذِي أَتَيْنَا بِهِ الْبَارِحَةَ. فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ أَمَرَهُمْ بِأَنْ تَحَمَّلُوا فَتَحَمَّلُوا، وَإِنَّ الرِّيحَ لَتَغْلِبُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضِ أَمْتِعَتِهِمْ حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ وَثَبَ عَلَى جَمَلٍ لَهُ مَعْقُولٍ، فَجَعَلَ يَسْتَحِثُّهُ وَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَقُومَ، حَتَّى حَلَّ بَعْدُ. ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا انْتَصَفَ بِي الطَّرِيقُ أَوْ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ إِذَا أَنَا بِعِشْرِينَ فَارِسًا أَوْ نَحْوِ ذَلِكَ مُعْتَمِّينَ، قَالُوا: - وَفِي لَفْظٍ: فَارِسَيْنِ، فَقَالَا-: أَخْبِرْ صَاحِبَكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى كَفَاهُ الْقَوْمُ بِالْجُنُودِ وَالرِّيحِ، فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ مُشْتَمِلٌ فِي شَمْلَةٍ يُصَلِّي، فَوَاللَّهِ مَا عَدَا أَنْ رَجَعْتُ رَاجَعَنِي الْقُرُّ، وَجَعَلْتُ أُقَرْقِفُ، فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِيَدِهِ، [وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي] فَدَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ، فَسَدَلَ عَلَيَّ مِنْ فَضْلِ شَمْلَتِهِ- وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا حَزَبَهُ أَمْرٌ صَلَّى- فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ خَبَرَ الْقَوْمِ، وَأَنِّي تَرَكْتُهُمْ يَرْحَلُونَ. فَلَمْ أَزَلْ نَائِمًا حَتَّى جَاءَ الصُّبْحُ فَلَمَّا أَنْ أَصْبَحْتُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «قُمْ يَا نَوْمَانُ». وَذَكَرَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ وَخَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ أَقَامَا فِي مِائَتَيْ فَارِسٍ سَاقَةً لِلْعَسْكَرِ، وَرِدْءًا لَهُمْ مَخَافَةَ الطَّلَبِ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the defeat of the polytheists and Allah the Exalted sending upon them cold and wind and angels shaking them Ibn Isḥāq said: And Allah sent the wind on a cold, wintry night. It began to overturn their cooking pots and cast down their vessels. Ibn Saʿd narrated from Saʿīd b. Jubayr, who said: When it was the day of al-Khandaq, Jibrīl came bringing the wind with him, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said when he saw Jibrīl: "Rejoice!" three times. Then Allah the Exalted sent the wind upon them, and it tore down the tents, overturned the cooking pots, buried the men, and cut the tent ropes, and they departed, no one turning to another. And Allah the Exalted revealed: When they came upon you from above you and from below you, and when the eyes swerved and the hearts reached the throats, and you thought thoughts about Allah; there the believers were tried, and shaken with a mighty shaking. [Al-Aḥzāb 9] Ibn Abī Ḥātim, Abū Nuʿaym, and al-Bazzār narrated with the men of the Ṣaḥīḥ from Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ, who said: On the night of the Confederates, the north wind came to the south wind and said: 'Go forth and aid Allah and His Messenger.' The south wind said: 'A free woman does not travel by night.' So Allah the Exalted became angry with it and made it barren, and He sent the east wind, and it extinguished their fires and cut their tent ropes. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "I have been aided by the east wind, and ʿĀd was destroyed by the west wind." Imām Aḥmad, the two Shaykhs, and al-Nasāʾī narrated from him that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "I have been aided by the east wind, and ʿĀd was destroyed by the west wind." Al-Bayhaqī narrated from Mujāhid regarding His saying, the Exalted: So We sent upon them a wind. He said: Meaning the east wind; it was sent upon the Confederates on the day of al-Khandaq, until it overturned their cooking pots onto their mouths and tore away their pavilions until it forced them to depart. And soldiers you did not see—he said: the angels. He said: And they did not fight on that day. Ibn Jarīr and Ibn Abī Ḥātim narrated from Qatādah, who said: Allah the Exalted sent upon them the wind and terror. Whenever they built, Allah cut their ropes; whenever they tied an animal, Allah cut its tether; and whenever they kindled a fire for war, Allah extinguished it, until indeed it was mentioned to us that the chief of every clan would say: 'O Banū So-and-so, come to me!' until when they gathered around him, he said: 'Save yourselves, save yourselves, you have come!' because of what Allah the Exalted had sent upon them of terror. Al-Balādhurī said: Then Allah the Exalted aided the Muslims against them by the wind, and it was a yellow wind that filled their eyes, and weakness and enervation entered them, and the polytheists were put to flight and returned to their camp. The wind persisted against them, and the angels enveloped them, obliterating their sight, so they departed. And Allah turned back those who disbelieved in their rage; they attained no good, and Allah sufficed the believers in fighting, and Allah is Strong, Mighty. [Al-Aḥzāb 25] Abū al-Khaṭṭāb b. Diḥyah said: These angels, Allah the Exalted sent them and they breathed into their hearts terror and weakness, and into the hearts of the believers strength and hope. It is also said: Allah sent the angels only to drive away the horses and camels of the enemy, and they cut a journey of three days in a single day, fleeing in defeat. Mention of the departure of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from al-Khandaq after the departure of his enemies, and his report that Quraysh would never raid him again and that he would raid them Imām Aḥmad and al-Bukhārī narrated from Sulaymān b. Ṣurad, and al-Bazzār with trustworthy men and Abū Nuʿaym from Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh ؓ, and al-Bayhaqī from Qatādah, may Allah have mercy on him: that when Allah the Exalted dispersed the Confederates from him, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Now we will raid them, and they will not raid us; we will march against them." Ibn Isḥāq said: Quraysh did not return after that, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ raided them after that until he conquered Makkah. Al-Bukhārī narrated from Abū Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to say: "There is no god but Allah alone; He strengthened His army, aided His servant, and defeated—and in one wording: routed—the Confederates alone, so there is nothing after Him." They said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ remained at al-Khandaq, and no one of the armies of the polytheists was in his presence; they had fled and dispersed to their lands. So he gave the Muslims permission to return to their homes, and they went out hurrying, rejoicing at that. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ disliked that the Banū Qurayẓah should know how eager they were to return to their homes, so he ordered them to be called back, and he sent someone to call after them, but not a single man among them returned. Al-Ṭabarānī narrated through two chains whose men are trustworthy, and Muḥammad b. ʿUmar from ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar, and Muḥammad b. ʿUmar from Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh ؓ: that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered them to be called back. They both said: We went shouting after them in every direction: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ commands you to return." But not a single man among them returned, because of the cold and hunger. They both said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ disliked their haste, and he disliked that Quraysh might have spies. Jābir said: I returned to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and I met him among the Banū Ḥarām as he was turning back, and I informed him, and he laughed ﷺ. The hypocrites were in a part of Madinah talking about the Prophet of Allah ﷺ and his companions, saying: "They have not perished yet," and they did not know that the Confederates had departed. It pleased them that the Confederates had come while they were living among the Bedouins, out of fear of fighting. Mention of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sending Ḥudhayfah b. al-Yamān ؓ to ascertain their news Al-Ḥākim narrated and authenticated it, Ibn Mardawayh, Abū Nuʿaym and al-Bayhaqī, both in al-Dalāʾil, through chains from Ḥudhayfah and Muslim, and Ibn ʿAsākir from Ibrāhīm b. Yazīd al-Taymī from his father, and Ibn Isḥāq from Muḥammad b. Kaʿb al-Quraẓī, and Abū Nuʿaym in abridged form from Ibn ʿUmar: that Ḥudhayfah ؓ mentioned their scenes with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and those sitting with him said: "By Allah, if we had witnessed that, we would have done this and that"—and in one wording: A man said: "If I had reached the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I would have fought with him and given my utmost." Ḥudhayfah said: "Do not wish for that. I saw us on the night of the Confederates, and we were arranged in rows, sitting down, while Abū Sufyān and those with him of the Confederates were above us, and the Jews of Qurayẓah were below us; we feared them for our children. No night ever passed over us darker or windier than that one; in the sounds of its wind were like thunderclaps, and it was darkness in which one of us could not see his own finger. The hypocrites began asking permission of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, saying: 'Our houses are exposed,' but they were not exposed. [Al-Aḥzāb 13] None of them asked permission without him granting it, and they slipped away. We were three hundred or about that. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to us man by man, saying: 'Is there a man who will bring me news of the people, who will be with me on the Day of Resurrection?'—and in one wording: 'Allah will make him the companion of Ibrāhīm on the Day of Resurrection'— but none of us answered him. Then a second time, then a third time, the same. Then Abū Bakr said: 'O Messenger of Allah, send Ḥudhayfah.' I said: 'You take care of it, by Allah.' He passed by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and I had no protection from the enemy or from the cold except a cloak of my wife's that did not go beyond my knees. He said: He came to me while I was crouching on my knees and said: 'Who is this?' I said: 'Ḥudhayfah.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Ḥudhayfah.' So Ḥudhayfah said: I shrank to the ground and said: 'Yes, O Messenger of Allah,' out of dislike of standing. He said: 'Stand.' So I stood. He said: 'There will be news among the people; bring me news of the people.' I said: 'By the One who sent you with the truth, I stood only out of shyness before you because of the cold.' He said: 'No harm will come to you from heat or cold until you return to me.' He said: 'I was among the most terrified and coldest of people.' I said: 'By Allah, it is not that I fear being killed, but I fear being taken captive.' He said: 'You will not be taken captive.' He said: So I went out, and he said: 'O Allah, protect him from before him, from behind him, from his right, from his left, from above him, and from beneath him.' He said: By Allah, whatever terror or cold Allah the Exalted had created in my innermost being departed, and I felt nothing of it, and I went on as if I were walking in a bathhouse. When I turned away, he called me and said: 'O Ḥudhayfah, do not do anything among the people until you come to me.' In another narration: I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, command me with whatever you wish.' He ﷺ said: 'Go until you enter among the people. Come to Quraysh and say: O company of Quraysh, the people intend, when tomorrow comes, to say: Where is Quraysh? Where are the leaders of the people? Where are the heads of the people? And they will advance you, and you will bear the brunt of the fighting, and the killing will be among you. Then come to Banū Kinānah and say: O company of Banū Kinānah, the people intend, when tomorrow comes, to say: Where are Banū Kinānah? Where are the sharp-eyed archers? And they will advance you, and you will bear the brunt of the fighting, and the killing will be among you. Then come to Qays and say: O company of Qays, the people intend, when tomorrow comes, to say: Where is Qays? Where are the saddle-cloths of the horses? Where are the horsemen? And they will advance you, and you will bear the brunt of the fighting, and the killing will be among you.' Ḥudhayfah said: So I went out, and when I drew near the camp of the people, I looked in the light of a fire of theirs that was blazing, and there was a dark, bulky man gesturing with his hand over the fire and rubbing his side, with a group around him. The Confederates had dispersed from around him, and he was saying: 'Depart, depart.' I had not known Abū Sufyān before that, so I drew an arrow from my quiver with white feathers and placed it in the center of the bow to shoot him in the light of the fire, but then I remembered the words of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: 'Do not do anything among the people until you come to me,' so I held back and returned my arrow. When I sat among them, Abū Sufyān sensed that someone else had entered among them, so he said: 'Let every man of you take the hand of the one sitting next to him,' and in one wording: 'Let him look at who is sitting next to him.' I struck my hand upon the hand of the one on my right and took his hand, and I said: 'Who are you?' He said: 'Muʿāwiyah b. Abī Sufyān.' Then I struck my hand upon the hand of the one on my left and I said: 'Who are you?' He said: 'ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ.' I did that fearing that I would be detected, so I preempted them by asking first. Then I lingered among them for a little while. I went to Banū Kinānah and Qays, and I said what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had commanded me, then I entered the camp, and the closest people to me were Banū ʿĀmir. ʿĀmir b. ʿAlqamah b. ʿUlāthah called out: 'O Banū ʿĀmir, the wind is killing me while I am on a mount.' A severe wind seized them, and he shouted to his companions. When his companions saw that, they began saying: 'O Banū ʿĀmir, depart, depart! There is no staying for you.' And the wind was in the camp of the polytheists, not passing beyond their camp by a span. By Allah, I could hear the sound of stones striking their saddles and their bedding as the wind hurled them. When dawn approached, they called out: 'Where is Quraysh? Where are the heads of the people?' They said: 'Alas! This is what came upon us last night. Where is Kinānah?' They said: 'Alas! This is what came upon us last night. Where is Qays? Where are the saddle-cloths of the horses?' They said: 'Alas! This is what came upon us last night.' When Abū Sufyān saw that, he ordered them to load up, and they loaded up. The wind overpowered them regarding some of their baggage, until I saw Abū Sufyān leap upon a hobbled camel of his, and he began urging it, but it could not rise until he finally untied it. Then I went out to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and when I was halfway along the road or about that, I came upon twenty horsemen or about that, wearing turbans. They said—and in one wording: two horsemen, and they both said—'Inform your companion that Allah the Exalted has sufficed him against the people with the soldiers and the wind.' I returned to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while he was wrapped in a cloak praying, and by Allah, no sooner had I returned than the cold returned to me, and I began to shiver. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gestured to me with his hand while he was praying, and I drew near to him, and he let fall upon me part of his cloak—and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, whenever a matter distressed him, would pray—and I informed him of the news of the people and that I had left them loading up to depart. I remained asleep until morning came. When morning came, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Wake up, O sleepy one." Ibn Saʿd mentioned that ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ and Khālid b. al-Walīd remained with two hundred horsemen as a rearguard for the army and as a support for them, out of fear of pursuit.
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