Tarikh (al-Tabari) 122
The story of Abraham the Friend (peace and blessings be upon him)
مَوْلِدِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ مِنْ هَاجَرَ قَالَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ: إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ سَأَلَ اللَّهَ ذُرِّيَّةً طَيِّبَةً، وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ بَشَّرَهُ بِذَلِكَ، وَأَنَّهُ لَمَّا كَانَ لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ بِبِلَادِ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ عَشْرُ سِنِينَ، قَالَتْ سَارَةُ لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ: إِنَّ الرَّبَّ قَدْ أَحْرَمَنِي الْوَلَدَ، فَادْخُلْ عَلَى أَمَتِي هَذِهِ لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ يَرْزُقُنَا مِنْهَا وَلَدًا. فَلَمَّا وَهَبَتْهَا لَهُ دَخَلَ بِهَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فَحِينَ دَخَلَ بِهَا حَمَلَتْ مِنْهُ. قَالُوا: فَلَمَّا حَمَلَتِ ارْتَفَعَتْ نَفْسُهَا وَتَعَاظَمَتْ عَلَى سَيِّدَتِهَا، فَغَارَتْ مِنْهَا سَارَةُ فَشَكَتْ ذَلِكَ إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فَقَالَ لَهَا: افْعَلِي بِهَا مَا شِئْتِ. فَخَافَتْ هَاجَرُ فَهَرَبَتْ فَنَزَلَتْ عِنْدَ عَيْنٍ هُنَاكَ، فَقَالَ لَهَا مَلَكٌ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ: لَا تَخَافِي فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ جَاعِلٌ مِنْ هَذَا الْغُلَامِ الَّذِي حَمَلْتِ خَيْرًا. وَأَمَرَهَا بِالرُّجُوعِ، وَبَشَّرَهَا أَنَّهَا سَتَلِدُ ابْنًا وَتُسَمِّيهِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَيَكُونُ وَحْشَ النَّاسِ، يَدُهُ عَلَى الْكُلِّ، وَيَدُ الْكُلِّ بِهِ، وَيَمْلِكُ جَمِيعَ بِلَادِ إِخْوَتِهِ، فَشَكَرَتِ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ. وَهَذِهِ الْبِشَارَةُ إِنَّمَا انْطَبَقَتْ عَلَى وَلَدِهِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ وَسَلَامُهُ عَلَيْهِ، فَإِنَّهُ الَّذِي سَادَتْ بِهِ الْعَرَبُ، وَمَلَكَتْ جَمِيعَ الْبِلَادِ غَرْبًا وَشَرْقًا، وَأَتَاهَا اللَّهُ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ النَّافِعِ وَالْعَمَلِ الصَّالِحِ مَا لَمْ يُؤْتِ أُمَّةً مِنَ الْأُمَمِ قَبْلَهُمْ، وَمَا ذَاكَ إِلَّا بِشَرَفِ رَسُولِهَا عَلَى سَائِرِ الرُّسُلِ وَبَرَكَةِ رِسَالَتِهِ وَيُمْنِ بِشَارَتِهِ وَكَمَالِهِ فِيمَا جَاءَ بِهِ. وَعُمُومِ بَعْثَتِهِ لِجَمِيعِ أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ. وَلَمَّا رَجَعَتْ هَاجَرُ وَضَعَتْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ وَلِهَذَا قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: إِذَا اسْتَفْتَحْتُمْ مِصْرَ فَاسْتَوْصُوا بِأَهْلِهَا خَيْرًا، فَإِنَّ لَهُمْ ذِمَّةً وَرَحِمًا، يَعْنِي وِلَادَةَ هَاجَرَ. وقَالُوا: وَلَدَتْهُ وَلِإِبْرَاهِيمَ مِنَ الْعُمُرِ سِتٌّ وَثَمَانُونَ سَنَةً قَبْلَ مَوْلِدِ إِسْحَاقَ بِثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً. وَلَمَّا وُلِدَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ يُبَشِّرُهُ بِإِسْحَاقَ مِنْ سَارَةَ فَخَرَّ لِلَّهِ سَاجِدًا. وَقَالَ لَهُ: قَدِ اسْتَجَبْتُ لَكَ فِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَبَارَكْتُ عَلَيْهِ وَكَثَّرْتُهُ وَنَمَّيْتُهُ جَدًّا كَبِيرًا، وَيُولَدُ لَهُ اثْنَا عَشَرَ عَظِيمًا، وَأَجْعَلُهُ رَئِيسًا لِشَعْبٍ عَظِيمٍ. وَهَذِهِ أَيْضًا بِشَارَةٌ بِهَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ الْعَظِيمَةِ، وَهَؤُلَاءِ الِاثْنَا عَشَرَ عَظِيمًا هُمُ الْخُلَفَاءُ الِاثْنَا عَشَرَ الْمُبَشَّرُ بِهِمْ فِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: يَكُونُ اثْنَا عَشَرَ أَمِيرًا. ثُمَّ قَالَ: كَلِمَةٌ لَمْ أَفْهَمْهَا فَسَأَلْتُ أَبِي مَا قَالَ ؟ قَالَ: كُلُّهُمْ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لَا يَزَالُ هَذَا الْأَمْرُ قَائِمًا. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ عَزِيزًا حَتَّى يَكُونَ اثْنَا عَشَرَ خَلِيفَةً كُلُّهُمْ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ. فَهَؤُلَاءِ مِنْهُمُ الْأَئِمَّةُ الْأَرْبَعَةُ؛ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرُ، وَعُثْمَانُ، وَعَلِيٌّ، وَمِنْهُمْ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ أَيْضًا، وَمِنْهُمْ بَعْضُ بَنِي الْعَبَّاسِ، وَلَيْسَ الْمُرَادُ أَنَّهُمْ يَكُونُونَ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ نَسَقًا، بَلْ لَا بُدَّ مِنْ وُجُودِهِمْ، وَلَيْسَ الْمُرَادُ الْأَئِمَّةَ الِاثْنَيْ عَشَرَ الَّذِي يَعْتَقِدُ فِيهِمْ الرَّافِضَةُ الَّذِينَ أَوَّلُهُمْ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَآخِرُهُمُ الْمُنْتَظِرُ بِسِرْدَابِ سَامَرَّا، وَهُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ فِيمَا يَزْعُمُونَ، فَإِنَّ أُولَئِكَ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِمْ أَنْفَعُ مِنْ عَلِيٍّ وَابْنِهِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ حِينَ تَرَكَ الْقِتَالَ وَسَلَّمَ الْأَمْرَ لِمُعَاوِيَةَ، وَأَخْمَدَ نَارَ الْفِتْنَةِ، وَسَكَّنَ رَحَى الْحُرُوبِ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَالْبَاقُونَ مِنْ جُمْلَةِ الرَّعَايَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ حُكْمٌ عَلَى الْأُمَّةِ فِي أَمْرٍ مِنَ الْأُمُورِ، وَأَمَّا مَا يَعْتَقِدُونَهُ بِسِرْدَابِ سَامَرَّا فَذَاكَ هَوَسٌ فِي الرُّءُوسِ، وَهَذَيَانٌ فِي النُّفُوسِ لَا حَقِيقَةَ لَهُ وَلَا عَيْنَ وَلَا أَثَرَ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ أَبِي زَيْدٍ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِ النَّوَادِرِ: أَنَّ سَارَةَ تَغَضَّبَتْ عَلَى هَاجَرَ فَحَلَفَتْ لَتَقْطَعَنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ أَعْضَاءٍ مِنْهَا، فَأَمَرَهَا الْخَلِيلُ أَنْ تَثْقُبَ أُذُنَيْهَا وَأَنْ تَخْفِضَهَا فَتَبَرَّ قَسَمُهَا. قَالَ السُّهَيْلِيُّ: فَكَانَتْ أَوَّلَ مَنِ اخْتَتَنَ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ، وَأَوَّلَ مَنْ ثَقَبَتْ أُذُنَيْهَا مِنْهُنَّ، وَأَوَّلَ مَنْ طَوَّلَتْ ذَيْلَهَا.
Translation
✧ The Birth of Ishmael (peace and blessings be upon him) from Hagar The People of the Book said: Abraham ﷺ asked God for righteous offspring, and God gave him glad tidings of that, and that when Abraham had been in the lands of Jerusalem for ten years, Sarah said to Abraham ﷺ: 'The Lord has deprived me of children, so go in to this slave woman of mine, perhaps God will grant us a child from her.' When she gave her to him, Abraham ﷺ went in to her, and when he went in to her she conceived from him. They said: When she conceived, her spirit rose and she became haughty toward her mistress, so Sarah became jealous of her and complained of that to Abraham. He said to her: 'Do with her whatever you wish.' Hagar became afraid and fled, settling by a spring there. An angel from among the angels said to her: 'Do not fear, for God will make good come from this boy you are carrying.' He commanded her to return, and gave her glad tidings that she would bear a son and name him Ishmael, and that he would be a wild man, his hand against all and the hand of all against him, and that he would possess all the lands of his brothers. She thanked God, Mighty and Majestic, for that. This glad tiding applies only to his descendant Muhammad (blessings and peace of God be upon him), for it is through him that the Arabs attained mastery and possessed all lands west and east, and God gave them beneficial knowledge and righteous deeds such as He had not given any nation before them, and that was only because of the nobility of its Messenger above all other messengers, the blessing of his message, the auspiciousness of his glad tiding, and his perfection in what he brought, and the universality of his mission to all people of the earth. When Hagar returned, she gave birth to Ishmael ﷺ, and for this the Prophet ﷺ said: 'If you conquer Egypt, treat its people well, for they have a covenant and kinship,' meaning the birth of Hagar. They said: She bore him when Abraham was eighty-six years old, before the birth of Isaac by thirteen years. When Ishmael was born, God revealed to Abraham giving him glad tidings of Isaac from Sarah, and he fell down prostrating to God. He said to him: 'I have answered you concerning Ishmael, and I have blessed him and multiplied him and increased him greatly, and twelve great ones will be born to him, and I will make him a chief of a great people.' This too is a glad tiding of this great nation, and these twelve great ones are the twelve caliphs foretold in the hadith of ʿAbd al-Malik b. ʿUmayr, from Jābir b. Samurah, from the Prophet ﷺ: 'There will be twelve amirs.' Then he said something I did not understand, so I asked my father what he said. He said: 'All of them from Quraysh.' Both of them recorded it in the two Ṣaḥīḥs, and in another version: 'This matter will not cease to endure.' And in another version: 'Mighty, until there are twelve caliphs, all of them from Quraysh.' Among them are the four Imams: Abū Bakr, ʿUmar, ʿUthmān, and ʿAlī, and among them also ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, and among them some of the Banū al-ʿAbbās. It does not mean that they will be twelve in succession; rather they must necessarily exist. It does not mean the twelve Imams in whom the Rāfiḍah believe, whose first is ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib and whose last is the awaited one in the cellar of Sāmarrāʾ, who is Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-ʿAskarī as they claim. For among those there was none more beneficial than ʿAlī and his son al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī when he abandoned fighting, surrendered the matter to Muʿāwiyah, extinguished the fire of discord, and stilled the mill of wars among the Muslims. The rest were among the common subjects, having no authority over the community in any matter. As for what they believe about the cellar of Sāmarrāʾ, that is delusion in heads and raving in souls, with no reality, no substance, and no trace. Sheikh Abū Muḥammad b. Abī Zayd, may God have mercy on him, mentioned in the Book of al-Nawādir: Sarah became angry with Hagar and swore to cut off three parts of her body, so the Friend (Abraham) commanded her to pierce her two ears and to circumcise her, and thus her oath was fulfilled. Al-Suhaylī said: She was the first of women to be circumcised, the first of them to have her ears pierced, and the first of them to lengthen her garment.
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