Tarikh (al-Tabari) 123
The story of Abraham the Friend (peace and blessings be upon him)
مُهَاجَرَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ بِابْنِهِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَأُمِّهِ هَاجَرَ إِلَى جِبَالِ فَارَانَ وَهِيَ أَرْضُ مَكَّةَ وذلك أن هَاجَرَ عَلَيْهَا السَّلَامُ لَمَّا وُلِدَ لَهَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ اشْتَدَّتْ غَيْرَةُ سَارَةَ مِنْهَا، وَطَلَبَتْ مِنَ الْخَلِيلِ أَنْ يُغَيِّبَ وَجْهَهَا عَنْهَا، وَقَالَتْ سَارَةُ: لَا تُسَاكِنُنِي فِي بَلَدٍ. فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَنْ تَأْتِيَ بِمَكَّةَ، وَلَيْسَ بِهَا يَوْمَئِذٍ نَبْتٌ، فَجَاءَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بِإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَأُمِّهِ هَاجَرَ فَوَضَعَهُمَا بِمَكَّةَ بِمَوْضِعِ زَمْزَمَ وَرَوَى ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ أَشْيَاخِهِ: أَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ [خَرَجَ] وَمَعَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ، فَكَانَ لَا يَمُرُّ بِقَرْيَةٍ إِلَّا قَالَ: بِهَذِهِ أُمِرْتُ يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ؟ فَيَقُولُ جَبْرَئِيلُ: امْضِهِ، حَتَّى قَدِمَ بِهِ مَكَّةَ وَهِيَ ذَاتُ عِضَاهٍ وَسَلَمٍ وَسَمُرٍ، وَبِهَا أُنَاسٌ يُقَالُ لَهُمُ الْعَمَالِيقُ خَارِجَ مَكَّةَ وَحَوْلَهَا، وَالْبَيْتُ يَوْمَئِذٍ رَبْوَةٌ حَمْرَاءُ، فَقَالَ لِجَبْرَئِيلَ: أَهَاهُنَا [أُمِرْتُ] أَنْ أَضَعَهُمَا؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَعَمَدَ بِهِمَا إِلَى مَوْضِعِ الْحَجَرِ فَأَنْزَلَهُمَا فِيهِ، وَأَمَرَ هَاجَرَ أَنْ تَتَّخِذَ فِيهِ عَرِيشًا، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ إِلَى الشَّامِ فَتَرَكَهُمَا. قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: بسنده عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: أَوَّلَ مَا اتَّخَذَ النِّسَاءُ الْمِنْطَقَ مِنْ قِبَلِ أُمِّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ اتَّخَذَتْ مِنْطَقًا لِتُعْفِيَ أَثَرَهَا عَلَى سَارَةَ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ بِهَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ وَبِابْنِهَا إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَهِيَ تُرْضِعُهُ حَتَّى وَضَعَهُمَا عِنْدَ الْبَيْتِ عِنْدَ دَوْحَةٍ فَوْقَ زَمْزَمَ فِي أَعْلَى الْمَسْجِدِ، وَلَيْسَ بِمَكَّةَ يَوْمَئِذٍ أَحَدٌ، وَلَيْسَ بِهَا مَاءٌ فَوَضَعَهُمَا هُنَالِكَ وَوَضَعَ عِنْدَهُمَا جِرَابًا فِيهِ تَمْرٌ وَسِقَاءً فِيهِ مَاءٌ، ثُمَّ قَفَّى إِبْرَاهِيمُ مُنْطَلِقًا فَتَبِعَتْهُ أُمُّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ فَقَالَتْ: يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ أَيْنَ تَذْهَبُ، وَتَتْرُكُنَا بِهَذَا الْوَادِي الَّذِي لَيْسَ فِيهِ إِنْسٌ وَلَا شَيْءٌ ؟ فَقَالَتْ لَهُ ذَلِكَ مِرَارًا، وَجَعَلَ لَا يَلْتَفِتُ إِلَيْهَا، فَقَالَتْ لَهُ: آللَّهُ أَمَرَكَ بِهَذَا ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَتْ: إِذًا لَا يُضَيِّعُنَا. ثُمَّ رَجَعَتْ فَانْطَلَقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الثَّنِيَّةِ حَيْثُ لَا يَرَوْنَهُ اسْتَقْبَلَ بِوَجْهِهِ الْبَيْتَ، ثُمَّ دَعَا بِهَؤُلَاءِ الْكَلِمَاتِ وَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ فَقَالَ: رَبَّنَا إِنِّي أَسْكَنْتُ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِي بِوَادٍ غَيْرِ ذِي زَرْعٍ عِنْدَ بَيْتِكَ الْمُحَرَّمِ رَبَّنَا لِيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ فَاجْعَلْ أَفْئِدَةً مِنَ النَّاسِ تَهْوِي إِلَيْهِمْ وَارْزُقْهُمْ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَشْكُرُونَ [ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: 37 ]. وَجَعَلَتْ أُمُّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ تُرْضِعُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَتَشْرَبُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَاءِ حَتَّى إِذَا نَفَذَ مَا فِي السِّقَاءِ عَطِشَتْ وَعَطِشَ ابْنُهَا، وَجَعَلَتْ تَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ يَتَلَوَّى. أَوْ قَالَ: يَتَلَبَّطُ فَانْطَلَقَتْ كَرَاهِيَةَ أَنْ تَنْظُرَ إِلَيْهِ فَوَجَدَتِ الصَّفَا أَقْرَبَ جَبَلٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ يَلِيهَا فَقَامَتْ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ اسْتَقْبَلَتِ الْوَادِيَ تَنْظُرُ هَلْ تَرَى أَحَدًا فَلَمْ تَرَ أَحَدًا فَهَبَطَتْ مِنَ الصَّفَا حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغَتِ الْوَادِيَ رَفَعَتْ طَرَفَ دِرْعِهَا، ثُمَّ سَعَتْ سَعْيَ الْإِنْسَانِ الْمَجْهُودِ حَتَّى إِذَا جَاوَزَتِ الْوَادِيَ، ثُمَّ أَتَتِ الْمَرْوَةَ فَقَامَتْ عَلَيْهَا وَنَظَرَتْ هَلْ تَرَى أَحَدًا فَلَمْ تَرَ أَحَدًا، فَفَعَلَتْ ذَلِكَ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: فَذَلِكَ سَعْيُ النَّاسِ بَيْنَهُمَا. فَلَمَّا أَشْرَفَتْ عَلَى الْمَرْوَةِ سَمِعَتْ صَوْتًا فَقَالَتْ: صَهٍ. تُرِيدُ نَفْسَهَا، ثُمَّ تَسَمَّعَتْ فَسَمِعَتْ أَيْضًا فَقَالَتْ: قَدْ أَسْمَعْتَ إِنْ كَانَ عِنْدَكَ غُوَاثٌ. فَإِذَا هِيَ بِالْمَلَكِ عِنْدَ مَوْضِعِ زَمْزَمَ، فَبَحَثَ بِعَقِبِهِ أَوْ قَالَ بِجَنَاحِهِ حَتَّى ظَهَرَ الْمَاءُ، فَجَعَلَتْ تَخُوضُهُ وَتَقُولُ بِيَدِهَا هَكَذَا، وَجَعَلَتْ تَغْرِفُ مِنَ الْمَاءِ فِي سِقَائِهَا، وَهُوَ يَفُورُ بَعْدَ مَا تَغْرِفُ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ الَّذِي أَنْبَعَ الْمَاءَ جَبْرَائِيلُ، فَإِنَّهُ نَزَلَ إِلَى هَاجَرَ وَهِيَ تَسْعَى فِي الْوَادِي فَسَمِعَتْ حِسَّهُ فَقَالَتْ: قَدْ أَسْمَعْتَنِي فَأَغِثْنِي فَقَدْ هَلَكْتُ أَنَا وَمَنْ مَعِي. فَجَاءَ بِهَا إِلَى مَوْضِعِ زَمْزَمَ، فَضَرَبَ بِقَدَمِهِ، فَفَارَتْ عَيْنًا، فَتَعَجَّلَتْ، فَجَعَلَتْ تَفْرَغُ فِي شَنِّهَا. فَقَالَ لَهَا: لَا تَخَافِي الظَّمَأَ. وقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: يَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ أُمَّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، لَوْ تَرَكَتْ زَمْزَمَ . أَوْ قَالَ: لَوْ لَمْ تَغْرِفْ مِنَ الْمَاءِ لَكَانَتْ زَمْزَمُ عَيْنًا مَعِينًا. قَالَ: فَشَرِبَتْ وَأَرْضَعَتْ وَلَدَهَا فَقَالَ لَهَا الْمَلَكُ: لَا تَخَافِي الضَّيْعَةَ فَإِنَّ هَاهُنَا بَيْتَ اللَّهِ يَبْنِي هَذَا الْغُلَامُ وَأَبُوهُ، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُضَيِّعُ أَهْلَهُ، وَكَانَ الْبَيْتُ مُرْتَفِعًا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ كَالرَّابِيَةِ تَأْتِيهِ السُّيُولُ فَتَأْخُذُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَعَنْ شِمَالِهِ مرور قبيلة جرهم بأم إسماعيل عليهما السلام فَكَانَتْ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى مَرَّتْ بِهِمْ رُفْقَةٌ مِنْ جُرْهُمٍ أَوْ أَهْلُ بَيْتٍ مِنْ جُرْهُمٍ مُقْبِلِينَ مِنْ طَرِيقِ كَدَاءَ، فَنَزَلُوا فِي أَسْفَلِ مَكَّةَ فَرَأَوْا طَائِرًا عَائِفًا، فَقَالُوا: إِنَّ هَذَا الطَّائِرَ لَيَدُورُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ، لَعَهْدُنَا بِهَذَا الْوَادِي، وَمَا فِيهِ مَاءٌ، فَأَرْسَلُوا جَرِيًّا أَوْ جَرِيَّيْنِ فَإِذَا هُمْ بِالْمَاءِ، فَرَجَعُوا فَأَخْبَرُوهُمْ بِالْمَاءِ، فَأَقْبَلُوا قَالَ: وَأُمُّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عِنْدَ الْمَاءِ، فَقَالُوا: تَأْذَنِينَ لَنَا أَنْ نَنْزِلَ عِنْدَكِ. قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ، وَلَكِنْ لَا حَقَّ لَكُمْ فِي الْمَاءِ. قَالُوا: نَعَمْ. قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: فَأَلْفَى ذَلِكَ أُمَّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَهِيَ تُحِبُّ الْأُنْسَ. فَنَزَلُوا وَأَرْسَلُوا إِلَى أَهْلِيهِمْ فَنَزَلُوا مَعَهُمْ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِهَا أَهْلُ أَبْيَاتٍ مِنْهُمْ، وَشَبَّ الْغُلَامُ، وَتَعَلَّمَ الْعَرَبِيَّةَ مِنْهُمْ، وَأَنْفَسَهُمْ وَأَعْجَبَهُمْ حِينَ شَبَّ، فَلَمَّا أَدْرَكَ زَوَّجُوهُ امْرَأَةً مِنْهُمْ، وَمَاتَتْ أُمُّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، فَجَاءَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بَعْدَ مَا تَزَوَّجَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ يُطَالِعُ تَرِكَتَهُ، فَلَمْ يَجِدْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ فَسَأَلَ امْرَأَتَهُ عَنْهُ فَقَالَتْ: خَرَجَ يَبْتَغِي لَنَا. ثُمَّ سَأَلَهَا عَنْ عَيْشِهِمْ وَهَيْئَتِهِمْ، فَقَالَتْ: نَحْنُ بِشَرٍّ نَحْنُ فِي ضِيقٍ وَشِدَّةٍ. وَشَكَتْ إِلَيْهِ، قَالَ: فَإِذَا جَاءَ زَوْجُكِ فَاقْرَئِي عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامَ، وَقُولِي لَهُ يُغَيِّرُ عَتَبَةَ بَابِهِ. فَلَمَّا جَاءَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ كَأَنَّهُ آنَسَ شَيْئًا، فَقَالَ: هَلْ جَاءَكُمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ ؟ فَقَالَتْ: نَعَمْ. جَاءَنَا شَيْخٌ كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَسَأَلَنَا عَنْكَ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ، وَسَأَلَنِي كَيْفَ عَيْشُنَا فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ أَنَّا فِي جَهْدٍ وَشِدَّةٍ. قَالَ: فَهَلْ أَوْصَاكِ بِشَيْءٍ ؟ قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ. أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَقْرَأَ عَلَيْكَ السَّلَامَ، وَيَقُولُ: غَيِّرْ عَتَبَةَ بَابِكَ. قَالَ: ذَاكَ أَبِي، وَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُفَارِقَكَ فَالْحَقِي بِأَهْلِكِ. فَطَلَّقَهَا وَتَزَوَّجَ مِنْهُمْ أُخْرَى. زيارة إبراهيم لإسماعيل عليهما السلام وَلَبِثَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَلْبَثَ، ثُمَّ اسْتَأْذَنَ سَارَةَ أَنْ يَزُورَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، فَأَذِنَتْ لَهُ وَشَرَطَتْ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا يَنْزِلَ. فَجَاءَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى بَابِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، فَقَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَيْنَ صَاحِبُكِ ؟ قَالَتْ: ذَهَبَ لِيَتَصَيَّدَ وَهُوَ يَجِيءُ الْآنَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى، فَانْزِلْ يَرْحَمُكَ اللَّهُ. فَقَالَ لَهَا: فَعِنْدَكِ ضِيَافَةٌ ؟ قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: فَهَلْ عِنْدَكِ خُبْزٌ، أَوْ بُرٌّ، أَوْ شَعِيرٌ، أَوْ تَمْرٌ ؟ قَالَ: فَجَاءَتْ بِاللَّبَنِ وَاللَّحْمِ، فَدَعَا لَهُمَا بِالْبَرَكَةِ، وَلَوْ جَاءَتْ يَوْمَئَذٍ بِخُبْزٍ، أَوْ تَمْرٍ، أَوْ بُرٍّ، أَوْ شَعِيرٍ لَكَانَتْ أَكْثَرَ أَرْضِ اللَّهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَتِ: انْزِلْ حَتَّى أَغْسِلَ رَأْسَكَ. فَلَمْ يَنْزِلْ. فَجَاءَتْهُ بِالْمَقَامِ بِالْإِنَاءِ فَوَضَعَتْهُ عِنْدَ شِقِّهِ الْأَيْمَنِ، فَوَضَعَ قَدَمَهُ عَلَيْهِ فَبَقِيَ أَثَرُ قَدَمِهِ فِيهِ، فَغَسَلَتْ شِقَّ رَأْسِهِ الْأَيْمَنَ، ثُمَّ حَوَّلَتِ الْمَقَامَ إِلَى شِقِّهِ الْأَيْسَرِ فَفَعَلَتْ بِهِ كَذَلِكَ. فَقَالَ لَهَا: إِذَا جَاءَ زَوْجُكِ فَأَقْرِئِيهِ عَنِّي السَّلَامَ وَقُولِي لَهُ: قَدِ اسْتَقَامَتْ عَتَبَةُ بَابِكَ. فَلَمَّا جَاءَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ وَجَدَ رِيحَ أَبِيهِ، فَقَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ: هَلْ جَاءَكِ أَحَدٌ ؟ قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ، شَيْخٌ أَحْسَنُ النَّاسِ وَجْهًا وَأَطْيَبُهُمْ رِيحًا، فَقَالَ لِي كَذَا وَكَذَا. وَقُلْتُ لَهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَغَسَلْتُ رَأْسَهُ، وَهَذَا مَوْضِعُ قَدَمِهِ، وَهُوَ يُقْرِئُكَ السَّلَامَ وَيَقُولُ: قَدِ اسْتَقَامَتْ عَتَبَةُ بَابِكَ. قَالَ: ذَلِكَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ. ثُمَّ جَاءَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ يَبْرِي نَبْلًا لَهُ تَحْتَ دَوْحَةٍ قَرِيبًا مِنْ زَمْزَمَ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ قَامَ إِلَيْهِ فَصَنَعَا كَمَا يَصْنَعُ الْوَلَدُ بِالْوَالِدِ وَالْوَالِدُ بِالْوَلَدِ، وقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بسنده عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا كَانَ بَيْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَأَهْلِهِ مَا كَانَ خَرَجَ بِإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَأُمِّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَمَعَهُمْ شَنَّةٌ فِيهَا مَاءٌ. وَذَكَرَ تَمَامَهُ بِنَحْوِ مَا تَقَدَّمَ، وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ كَلَامِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَمُوَشَّحٌ بِرَفْعِ بَعْضِهِ، وَفِي بَعْضِهِ غَرَابَةٌ، وَكَأَنَّهُ مِمَّا تَلَقَّاهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ عَنِ الْإِسْرَائِيلِيَّاتِ، وَفِيهِ أَنَّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ كَانَ رَضِيعًا إِذْ ذَاكَ وَعِنْدَ أَهْلِ التَّوْرَاةِ أَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ بِأَنْ يَخْتِنَ وَلَدَهُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَكُلَّ مَنْ عِنْدَهُ مِنَ الْعَبِيدِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ فَخَتَنَهُمْ، وَذَلِكَ بَعْدَ مُضِيِّ تِسْعٍ وَتِسْعِينَ سَنَةً مِنْ عُمُرِهِ، فَيَكُونُ عُمُرُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ يَوْمَئِذٍ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، وَهَذَا امْتِثَالٌ لِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي أَهْلِهِ فَيَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ فَعَلَهُ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْوُجُوبِ؛ وَلِهَذَا كَانَ الصَّحِيحُ مِنْ أَقْوَالِ الْعُلَمَاءِ أَنَّهُ وَاجِبٌ عَلَى الرِّجَالِ، كَمَا هُوَ مُقَرَّرٌ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ. وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، بسنده عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: اخْتَتَنَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّبِيُّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ وَهُوَ ابْنُ ثَمَانِينَ سَنَةً بِالْقَدُومِ. وَفِي بَعْضِ الْأَلْفَاظِ اخْتَتَنَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بَعْدَ مَا أَتَتْ عَلَيْهِ ثَمَانُونَ سَنَةً وَاخْتَتَنَ بِالْقَدُومِ. وَالْقَدُومُ هُوَ الْآلَةُ. وَقِيلَ: مَوْضِعٌ. وَهَذَا اللَّفْظُ لَا يُنَافِي الزِّيَادَةَ عَلَى الثَّمَانِينَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ لِمَا سَيَأْتِي مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ عِنْدَ ذِكْرِ وَفَاتِهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: اخْتَتَنَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ وَهُوَ ابْنُ مِائَةٍ وَعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً، وَعَاشَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ثَمَانِينَ سَنَةً. رَوَاهُ ابْنُ حِبَّانَ فِي صَحِيحِهِ، وَلَيْسَ فِي هَذَا السِّيَاقِ ذِكْرُ قِصَّةِ الذَّبِيحِ وَأَنَّهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِي قَدَمَاتِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ إِلَّا ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، أُولَاهُنَّ بَعْدَ أَنْ تَزَوَّجَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بَعْدَ مَوْتِ هَاجَرَ، وَكَيْفَ يَتْرُكُهُمْ مِنْ حِينِ صِغَرِ الْوَلَدِ عَلَى مَا ذُكِرَ إِلَى حِينِ تَزْوِيجِهِ لَا يَنْظُرُ فِي حَالِهِمْ ؟ وَقَدْ ذُكِرَ أَنَّ الْأَرْضَ كَانَتْ تُطْوَى لَهُ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّهُ كَانَ يَرْكَبُ الْبُرَاقَ إِذَا سَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَكَيْفَ يَتَخَلَّفُ عَنْ مُطَالَعَةِ حَالِهِمْ، وَهُمْ فِي غَايَةِ الضَّرُورَةِ الشَّدِيدَةِ وَالْحَاجَةِ الْأَكِيدَةِ ؟ وَكَأَنَّ بَعْضَ هَذَا السِّيَاقِ مُتَلَقًّى مِنَ الْإِسْرَائِيلِيَّاتِ، وَمُطَرَّزٌ بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الْمَرْفُوعَاتِ.
Translation
✧ The migration of Abraham ﷺ with his son Ishmael and his mother Hagar to the mountains of Paran, which is the land of Makkah. That is because when Ishmael was born to Hagar (peace be upon her), Sarah's jealousy of her intensified, and she asked the Friend [Abraham] to remove her face from her, and Sarah said: Do not make her dwell with me in a town. So God revealed to Abraham that he should bring them to Makkah, and at that time there was no plant there. So Abraham brought Ishmael and his mother Hagar and placed them in Makkah at the site of Zamzam. Ibn Ishaq narrated from his teachers: that Abraham went out, and with him was Gabriel, and he did not pass by any village except that he said: Is this where I have been commanded, O Gabriel? And Gabriel would say: Pass it by, until he brought them to Makkah, which had acacia trees, salm, and samur, and in it were people called the Amalekites outside Makkah and around it, and the House at that time was a red hillock. So he said to Gabriel: Is it here that I have been commanded to place them? He said: Yes. So he headed with them to the site of the Stone and settled them there, and he commanded Hagar to make for herself a booth there. Then he departed to Syria and left them. Al-Bukhari said: with his chain from Ibn ʿAbbās who said: The first time women took a waist-wrapper was from the mother of Ishmael; she took a waist-wrapper to hide her traces from Sarah. Then Abraham brought her and her son Ishmael while she was nursing him, until he placed them at the House, at a great tree above Zamzam in the upper part of the mosque. At that time there was no one in Makkah, and there was no water there. So he placed them there and put with them a sack containing dates and a water-skin containing water. Then Abraham turned away and departed. The mother of Ishmael followed him and said: O Abraham, where are you going, leaving us in this valley in which there is no human being and nothing? She said that to him several times, and he would not turn to her. So she said to him: Has God commanded you to do this? He said: Yes. She said: Then He will not waste us. Then she returned. Abraham went on until when he was at the mountain pass where they could not see him, he faced the House, then called out with these words and raised his hands, saying: Our Lord, I have settled some of my offspring in a valley without cultivation, near Your sacred House—our Lord, that they may establish prayer. So make hearts among people incline toward them and provide them with fruits, that they may give thanks [Qurʾan 14:37]. The mother of Ishmael nursed Ishmael and drank from that water, until when what was in the water-skin was exhausted, she became thirsty and her son became thirsty. She looked at him writhing—or he said: rolling on the ground. So she went away, hating to look at him, and found al-Ṣafā the nearest mountain in the land to her, so she stood upon it. Then she faced the valley, looking to see if she saw anyone, but she saw no one. So she descended from al-Ṣafā until when she reached the valley, she raised the hem of her garment, then she ran the running of a weary person, until she crossed the valley. Then she came to al-Marwah and stood upon it, and looked to see if she saw anyone, but she saw no one. She did that seven times. Ibn ʿAbbās said: The Prophet ﷺ said: That is the running of the people between the two. When she came to al-Marwah, she heard a sound and said: Hush—meaning herself. Then she listened and heard it again and said: You have made me hear, if you have help. And behold, it was the angel at the site of Zamzam, and he dug with his heel—or he said: with his wing—until water appeared. She began to scoop it with her hand like this, and she began filling her water-skin from the water, and it bubbled up after she scooped. It was said: The one who caused the water to spring forth was Gabriel, for he descended to Hagar while she was running in the valley, and she heard his movement, so she said: You have made me hear, so help me, for I and those with me are perishing. He brought her to the site of Zamzam, then struck with his foot, and it gushed forth as a spring. She hastened, and began to empty it into her old water-skin. He said to her: Do not fear thirst. Ibn ʿAbbās said: The Prophet ﷺ said: May God have mercy on the mother of Ishmael—if she had left Zamzam—or he said: If she had not scooped from the water, Zamzam would have been a flowing spring. He said: Then she drank and suckled her child. The angel said to her: Do not fear ruin, for here is the House of God, which this boy and his father will build, and God will not waste its people. The House was elevated above the ground like a hillock; floods would come to it and pass to its right and its left. Passing of the tribe of Jurhum by the mother of Ishmael (peace be upon them both) Thus it was until a company of Jurhum, or a household of Jurhum, passed by them, coming from the road of Kadāʾ. They camped in the lower part of Makkah and saw a bird circling. They said: This bird is circling over water; we know this valley, and there is no water in it. So they sent a scout or two scouts, and behold, they found the water. They returned and informed them of the water, and they came. He said: The mother of Ishmael was at the water. They said: Do you permit us to camp near you? She said: Yes, but you have no right to the water. They said: Yes. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās said: The Prophet ﷺ said: That suited the mother of Ishmael, for she loved company. So they camped and sent to their families, and they camped with them, until there were households of them there. The boy grew up and learned Arabic from them, and they admired and liked him when he grew. When he reached maturity, they married him to a woman from among them. Then the mother of Ishmael died. Abraham came after Ishmael had married to look after his inheritance. He did not find Ishmael, so he asked his wife about him. She said: He went out to seek sustenance for us. Then he asked her about their condition and their appearance, and she said: We are in evil; we are in hardship and distress. She complained to him. He said: When your husband comes, convey to him peace and tell him to change the threshold of his door. When Ishmael came, he seemed to sense something, and said: Did anyone come to you? She said: Yes, an old man of such-and-such description came to us; he asked me about you, and I told him; and he asked me how our condition was, and I told him that we were in effort and hardship. He said: Did he give you any instruction? She said: Yes, he instructed me to convey peace to you and to say: Change the threshold of your door. He said: That is my father, and he has commanded me to part with you, so join your family. So he divorced her and married another from among them. Abraham's visit to Ishmael (peace be upon them both) Abraham stayed as long as God willed he stay. Then he asked Sarah's permission to visit Ishmael, and she permitted him, on condition that he not dismount. Abraham came until he reached the door of Ishmael and said to his wife: Where is your companion? She said: He went to hunt, and he will come now, if God Almighty wills; so dismount, may God have mercy on you. He said to her: Do you have anything to entertain a guest? She said: Yes. He said: Do you have bread, wheat, barley, or dates? He said: She brought milk and meat, and he prayed for blessing for them. If she had brought bread, dates, wheat, or barley that day, it would have been the most abundant land of God in that. She said: Dismount so that I may wash your head. But he did not dismount. She brought him the Maqām with a vessel and placed it at his right side, and he placed his foot upon it, and the trace of his foot remained in it. She washed the right side of his head, then she moved the Maqām to his left side and did the same. He said to her: When your husband comes, convey to him my peace and tell him: The threshold of your door has become firm. When Ishmael came, he perceived the scent of his father and said to his wife: Did anyone come to you? She said: Yes, an old man, the finest of people in face and the sweetest of them in scent, and he said to me such-and-such, and I said to him such-and-such, and I washed his head, and this is the place of his foot, and he conveys peace to you and says: The threshold of your door has become firm. He said: That is Abraham. Then he came after that, while Ishmael was trimming arrows for himself under a great tree near Zamzam. When he saw him, he rose to him, and they did as a son does to a father and a father to a son. Al-Bukhari said with his chain from Ibn ʿAbbās who said: When there happened between Abraham and his wife what happened, he went out with Ishmael and the mother of Ishmael, and with them was an old water-skin containing water. He mentioned the rest of it in a manner similar to what preceded. This hadith is from the words of Ibn ʿAbbās, interspersed with some of it being raised, and in some of it there is strangeness; it seems to be from what Ibn ʿAbbās received from Israelite traditions. In it is that Ishmael was a suckling at that time. But according to the people of the Torah, God commanded Abraham to circumcise his son Ishmael and all who were with him of slaves and others, and he circumcised them. That was after ninety-nine years of his age had passed, so Ishmael's age on that day would have been thirteen years. This is compliance with the command of God Almighty concerning his household, which indicates that he did it as an obligation. Therefore, the correct view among scholars is that it is obligatory for men, as is established in its proper place. It is established in the hadith narrated by al-Bukhari with his chain from Abū Hurayrah who said: The Prophet ﷺ said: The Prophet Abraham ﷺ was circumcised when he was eighty years old, with a qadūm. In some wordings: Abraham was circumcised after eighty years had passed over him, and he was circumcised with a qadūm. The qadūm is the tool; and it was said: a place. This wording does not contradict the addition beyond eighty, and God knows best, because of the hadith to come at the mention of his death, from Abū Hurayrah, from the Messenger of God ﷺ that he said: Abraham was circumcised when he was one hundred and twenty years old, and he lived after that eighty years. Ibn Ḥibbān narrated it in his Ṣaḥīḥ. And in this account there is no mention of the story of the sacrifice and that it was Ishmael, and he did not mention in the visits of Abraham ﷺ except three times: the first after Ishmael married after the death of Hagar. How could he leave them from the time of the boy's infancy as mentioned until the time of his marriage without looking after their condition? It was mentioned that the earth was folded for him, and it was said that he rode al-Burāq when he traveled to them. So how could he fail to look after their condition, when they were in utmost severe necessity and pressing need? It seems that some of this account is received from Israelite traditions, adorned with a few raised sayings.
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