Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1211
The Expedition of al-Khandaq (the Confederates)
وَهَذَا سِيَاقُ الْقِصَّةِ مِمَّا ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَغَيْرُهُ: قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ كَانَتْ غَزْوَةُ الْخَنْدَقِ فِي شَوَّالٍ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ، فَحَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ رُومَانَ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، وَمَنْ لَا أَتَّهِمُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيُّ وَالزُّهْرِيُّ وَعَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَغَيْرُهُمْ مِنْ عُلَمَائِنَا، وَبَعْضُهُمْ يُحَدِّثُ مَا لَا يُحَدِّثُ بَعْضٌ، قَالُوا: إِنَّهُ كَانَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْخَنْدَقِ أَنَّ نَفَرًا مِنَ الْيَهُودِ - مِنْهُمْ: سَلَّامُ بْنُ أَبِي الْحَقِيقِ النَّضَرِيُّ، وَحُيَيُّ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ النَّضَرِيُّ، وَكِنَانَةُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحَقِيقِ، وَهَوْذَةُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ الْوَائِلِيُّ، وَأَبُو عَمَّارٍ الْوَائِلِيُّ، فِي نَفَرٍ مِنَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَنَفَرٍ مِنْ بَنِي وَائِلٍ، وَهُمُ الَّذِينَ حَزَّبُوا الْأَحْزَابَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ - خَرَجُوا حَتَّى قَدِمُوا عَلَى قُرَيْشٍ مَكَّةَ، فَدَعَوْهُمْ إِلَى حَرْبِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَالُوا: إِنَّا سَنَكُونُ مَعَكُمْ عَلَيْهِ، حَتَّى نَسْتَأْصِلَهُ. فَقَالَتْ لَهُمْ قُرَيْشٌ: يَا مَعْشَرَ يَهُودَ، إِنَّكُمْ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ الْأَوَّلِ وَالْعِلْمِ بِمَا أَصْبَحْنَا نَخْتَلِفُ فِيهِ نَحْنُ وَمُحَمَّدٌ، أَفَدِينُنَا خَيْرٌ أَمْ دِينُهُ ؟ قَالُوا: بَلْ دِينُكُمْ خَيْرٌ مِنْ دِينِهِ وَأَنْتُمْ أَوْلَى بِالْحَقِّ مِنْهُ. 5 فَهُمُ الَّذِينَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِمْ: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا نَصِيبًا مِنَ الْكِتَابِ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْجِبْتِ وَالطَّاغُوتِ وَيَقُولُونَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا هَؤُلَاءِ أَهْدَى مِنَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا سَبِيلًا أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ وَمَنْ يَلْعَنِ اللَّهُ فَلَنْ تَجِدَ لَهُ نَصِيرًا الْآيَاتِ ( النِّسَاءِ 51 52 ). فَلَمَّا قَالُوا ذَلِكَ لِقُرَيْشٍ سَرَّهُمْ وَنَشِطُوا لِمَا دَعَوْهُمْ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ حَرْبِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَاجْتَمَعُوا لِذَلِكَ وَاتَّعَدُوا لَهُ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ أُولَئِكَ النَّفَرُ مِنْ يَهُودَ حَتَّى جَاءُوا غَطَفَانَ مِنْ قَيْسِ عَيْلَانَ، فَدَعَوْهُمْ إِلَى حَرْبِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَأَخْبَرُوهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ يَكُونُونَ مَعَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ، وَأَنَّ قُرَيْشًا قَدْ تَابَعُوهُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَاجْتَمَعُوا مَعَهُمْ فِيهِ، فَخَرَجَتْ قُرَيْشٌ وَقَائِدُهَا أَبُو سُفْيَانَ، وَخَرَجَتْ غَطَفَانُ وَقَائِدُهَا عُيَيْنَةُ بْنُ حِصْنِ بْنِ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ بَدْرٍ، فِي بَنِي فَزَارَةَ، وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ عَوْفِ بْنِ أَبِي حَارِثَةَ الْمُرِّيُّ، فِي بَنِي مُرَّةَ، وَمِسْعَرُ بْنُ رُخَيْلَةَ بْنِ نُوَيْرَةَ بْنِ طَرِيفِ بْنِ سُحْمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ هِلَالِ بْنِ خُلَاوَةَ بْنِ أَشْجَعَ بْنِ رَيْثِ بْنِ غَطَفَانَ فِيمَنْ تَابَعَهُ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ مِنْ أَشْجَعَ. فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَا أَجْمَعُوا لَهُ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ، ضَرَبَ الْخَنْدَقَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ يُقَالُ إِنَّ الَّذِي أَشَارَ بِهِ سَلْمَانُ . قَالَ الطَّبَرِيُّ وَالسُّهَيْلِيُّ: أَوَّلُ مَنْ حَفَرَ الْخَنَادِقَ مِنُوشِهْرُ بْنُ إِيرَجَ بْنِ أَفْرِيدُونَ، وَكَانَ فِي زَمَنِ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: فَعَمِلَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَرْغِيبًا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي الْأَجْرِ، وَعَمِلَ فِيهِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ ، وَتَخَلَّفَ طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ يَعْتَذِرُونَ بِالضَّعْفِ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَنْسَلُّ خُفْيَةً بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِ وَلَا عِلْمِهِ، عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ. وَقَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي ذَلِكَ قَوْلَهُ تَعَالَى: إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَإِذَا كَانُوا مَعَهُ عَلَى أَمْرٍ جَامِعٍ لَمْ يَذْهَبُوا حَتَّى يَسْتَأْذِنُوهُ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَكَ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ فَإِذَا اسْتَأْذَنُوكَ لِبَعْضِ شَأْنِهِمْ فَأْذَنْ لِمَنْ شِئْتَ مِنْهُمْ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمُ اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ لَا تَجْعَلُوا دُعَاءَ الرَّسُولِ بَيْنَكُمْ كَدُعَاءِ بَعْضِكُمْ بَعْضًا قَدْ يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ يَتَسَلَّلُونَ مِنْكُمْ لِوَاذًا فَلْيَحْذَرِ الَّذِينَ يُخَالِفُونَ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ أَنْ تُصِيبَهُمْ فِتْنَةٌ أَوْ يُصِيبَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ أَلَا إِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ قَدْ يَعْلَمُ مَا أَنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ وَيَوْمَ يُرْجَعُونَ إِلَيْهِ فَيُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِمَا عَمِلُوا وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ ( النُّورِ: 62 64 )
Translation
✧ And this is the sequence of the story from what Ibn Isḥāq and others mentioned: Ibn Isḥāq said: Then the expedition of al-Khandaq took place in Shawwāl of the year five. Yazīd b. Rūmān narrated to me, from ʿUrwah, and from one I do not accuse, from ʿAbd Allāh b. Kaʿb b. Mālik, and Muḥammad b. Kaʿb al-Quraẓī, and al-Zuhrī, and ʿĀṣim b. ʿUmar b. Qatādah, and ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Bakr, and others among our scholars, each of them relating what the other does not relate. They said: It is part of the account of al-Khandaq that a group of Jews — among them: Sallām b. Abī al-Ḥuqayq al-Naḍarī, and Ḥuyayy b. Akhṭab al-Naḍarī, and Kinānah b. al-Rabīʿ b. Abī al-Ḥuqayq, and Hawdhah b. Qays al-Wāʾilī, and Abū ʿAmmār al-Wāʾilī, with a group from Banū al-Naḍīr and a group from Banū Wāʾil — and they are the ones who gathered the confederates against the Messenger of Allah ﷺ — went out until they came to Quraysh in Makkah, and they summoned them to war against the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: "We will be with you against him, until we utterly destroy him." Quraysh said to them: "O assembly of Jews, you are the people of the first Book and of knowledge of what we and Muḥammad have come to differ about. Is our religion better or his religion?" They said: "Rather your religion is better than his religion, and you are more entitled to the truth than he is." 5 It is they concerning whom Allah revealed: Did you not see those who were given a portion of the Book, believing in al-jibt and al-ṭāghūt and saying to those who disbelieve, "These are better guided than those who believe as to the way"? Those are the ones whom Allah has cursed, and he whom Allah curses, you will never find for him a helper — the verses (al-Nisāʾ 51–52). When they said that to Quraysh, it pleased them and they became eager for what they summoned them to of war against the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. They assembled for that and made a mutual appointment for it. Then that group of Jews went out until they came to Ghaṭafān of Qays ʿAylān, and they summoned them to war against the Prophet ﷺ, and informed them that they would be with them against him, and that Quraysh had followed them in that and had assembled with them therein. Quraysh went out with their leader Abū Sufyān, and Ghaṭafān went out with their leader ʿUyaynah b. Ḥiṣn b. Ḥudhayfah b. Badr, among Banū Fazārah, and al-Ḥārith b. ʿAwf b. Abī Ḥārithah al-Murrī, among Banū Murrah, and Misʿar b. Rukhaylah b. Nuwayrah b. Ṭarīf b. Suḥmah b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Hilāl b. Khulāwah b. Ashjaʿ b. Rayth b. Ghaṭafān, with those of his people of Ashjaʿ who followed him. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ heard of them and of what they had resolved against him, he dug the trench around al-Madīnah. Ibn Hishām said: It is said that the one who suggested it was Salmān. Al-Ṭabarī and al-Suhaylī said: The first to dig trenches was Mīnūshihr b. Īraj b. Afrīdūn, and that was in the time of Moses ﷺ. Ibn Isḥāq said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ worked in it to encourage the Muslims regarding the reward, and the Muslims worked in it, while a group of the hypocrites stayed behind making excuses of weakness, and among them were those who slipped away secretly without his permission or knowledge, upon him be blessing and peace. Allah, exalted is He, revealed concerning that His saying, exalted is He: The believers are only those who believe in Allah and His Messenger and, when they are with him on a collective matter, do not depart until they ask his permission. Indeed, those who ask your permission are those who believe in Allah and His Messenger. So when they ask your permission for some of their affairs, then give permission to whom you will among them and ask Allah for their forgiveness. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. Do not make the calling of the Messenger among you like the call of one of you to another. Allah surely knows those of you who slip away covertly. So let those who go against his command beware lest a trial befall them or a painful punishment befall them. Unquestionably, to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth. He surely knows what you are upon, and on the Day when they are returned to Him, He will inform them of what they did. And Allah is Knowing of all things. (al-Nūr: 62–64)
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording. Ask what scholars say about its grade