Tarikh (al-Tabari) 12
Creation of the heavens and the earth
ذِكْرُ الْجِبَالِ قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: بسنده عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: لَمَّا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ الْأَرْضَ جَعَلَتْ تَمِيدُ، فَخَلَقَ الْجِبَالَ فَأَلْقَاهَا عَلَيْهَا ; فَاسْتَقَرَّتْ فَتَعَجَّبَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ مِنْ خَلْقِ الْجِبَالِ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَبِّ هَلْ مِنْ خَلْقِكَ شَيْءٌ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ ; الْحَدِيدُ. قَالَتْ: يَا رَبِّ فَهَلْ مِنْ خَلْقِكَ شَيْءٌ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الْحَدِيدِ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ ; النَّارُ. قَالَتْ يَا رَبِّ فَهَلْ مِنْ خَلْقِكَ شَيْءٌ أَشَدُّ مِنَ النَّارِ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ ; الْمَاءُ. قَالَتْ يَا رَبِّ فَهَلْ مِنْ خَلْقِكَ شَيْءٌ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الْمَاءِ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ ; الرِّيحُ. قَالَتْ يَا رَبِّ فَهَلْ مِنْ خَلْقِكَ شَيْءٌ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الرِّيحِ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ ; ابْنُ آدَمَ، يَتَصَدَّقُ بِيَمِينِهِ يُخْفِيهَا مِنْ شَمَالِهِ. تَفَرَّدَ بِإِخْرَاجِهِ أَحْمَدُ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ أَصْحَابُ الْهَيْئَةِ أَعْدَادَ جِبَالِ الْأَرْضِ فِي سَائِرِ بِقَاعِهَا ، شَرْقًا وَغَرْبًا، وَذَكَرُوا أَطْوَالَهَا، وَبُعْدَ امْتِدَادِهَا، وَارْتِفَاعِهَا، وَأَوْسَعُوا الْقَوْلَ فِي ذَلِكَ بِمَا يَطُولُ شَرْحُهُ هُنَا، وَقَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَمِنَ الْجِبَالِ جُدَدٌ بِيضٌ وَحُمْرٌ مُخْتَلِفٌ أَلْوَانُهَا وَغَرَابِيبُ سُودٌ [ فَاطِرٍ: 27 ]. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ: الْجُدُدُ ; الطَّرَائِقُ. وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ وَغَيْرُهُ: الْغَرَابِيبُ الْجِبَالُ الطِّوَالُ السُّودُ، وَهَذَا هُوَ الْمُشَاهَدُ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ فِي سَائِرِ الْأَرْضِ تَخْتَلِفُ بِاخْتِلَافِ بِقَاعِهَا وَأَلْوَانِهَا. وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي كِتَابِهِ الْجُودِيَّ عَلَى التَّعْيِينِ ; وَهُوَ جَبَلٌ عَظِيمٌ شَرْقِيَّ جَزِيرَةِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ إِلَى جَانِبِ دِجْلَةَ عِنْدَ الْمَوْصِلِ امْتِدَادُهُ مِنَ الْجَنُوبِ إِلَى الشَّمَالِ مَسِيرَةُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ، وَارْتِفَاعُهُ مَسِيرَةُ نِصْفِ يَوْمٍ، وَهُوَ أَخْضَرُ ; لِأَنَّ فِيهِ شَجَرًا مِنَ الْبَلُّوطِ، وَإِلَى جَانِبِهِ قَرْيَةٌ يُقَالُ لَهَا قَرْيَةُ الثَّمَانِينَ ; لِسُكْنَى الَّذِينَ نَجَوْا فِي السَّفِينَةِ مَعَ نُوحٍ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فِي مَوْضِعِهَا فَمَا ذَكَرَهُ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَذَكَرَ تَعَالَى طُورَ سَيْنَاءَ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الْحَافِظُ الْبَهَاءُ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ فِي كِتَابِهِ " الْمُسْتَقْصَى فِي فَضَائِلِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْأَقْصَى " فِي تَرْجَمَةِ الْجِبَالِ الْمُقَدَّسَةِ مِنْ طَرِيقِ عَمْرِو بْنِ بَكْرٍ، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ مَعْدَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: أَقْسَمَ رَبُّنَا عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِأَرْبَعَةِ أَجْبُلٍ فَقَالَ: وَالتِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ وَطُورِ سِينِينَ وَهَذَا الْبَلَدِ الْأَمِينِ [ التِّينِ: 1 - 3 ]. فَالتِّينُ طُورُ رَبِّنَا مَسْجِدُ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ، وَالزَّيْتُونُ طُورُ رَبِّنَا وَطُورُ سِينِينَ وَهَذَا الْبَلَدِ الْأَمِينِ. جَبَلُ مَكَّةَ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: التِّينُ جَبَلٌ عَلَيْهِ دِمَشْقُ، وَالزَّيْتُونُ جَبَلٌ عَلَيْهِ بَيْتُ الْمَقْدِسِ. وَرَوَى الْحَافِظُ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ، عَنْ كَعْبِ الْأَحْبَارِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَرْبَعَةُ أَجْبُلٍ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ جَبَلُ الْخَلِيلِ، وَلُبْنَانَ، وَالطُّورِ، وَالْجُودِيِّ يَكُونُ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُنَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ لُؤْلُؤَةً بَيْضَاءَ تُضِيءُ مَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ يَرْجِعْنَ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ حَتَّى تُجْعَلَ فِي زَوَايَاهُ نُورًا، وَيَضَعَ عَلَيْهَا كُرْسِيَّهُ حَتَّى يَقْضِيَ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ. وَتَرَى الْمَلَائِكَةَ حَافِّينَ مِنْ حَوْلِ الْعَرْشِ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِمْ وَقُضِيَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْحَقِّ وَقِيلَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ [ الزُّمَرِ: 75 ]. وَمِنْ طَرِيقِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ ثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي عَاتِكَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ: أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى جَبَلِ قَاسْيُونَ أَنْ هَبْ ظِلَّكَ وَبَرَكَتَكَ لِجَبَلِ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ. قَالَ: فَفَعَلَ. فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَيْهِ: أَمَا إِذْ فَعَلْتَ فَإِنِّي سَأَبْنِي لِي فِي حِضْنِكَ بَيْتًا قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: قَالَ الْوَلِيدُ: فِي حِضْنِكَ: أَيْ فِي وَسَطِهِ، وَهُوَ هَذَا الْمَسْجِدُ يَعْنِي مَسْجِدَ دِمَشْقَ أُعْبَدُ فِيهِ بَعْدَ خَرَابِ الدُّنْيَا أَرْبَعِينَ عَامًا، وَلَا تَذْهَبُ الْأَيَّامُ وَاللَّيَالِي حَتَّى أَرُدَّ عَلَيْكَ ظِلَّكَ وَبَرَكَتَكَ. قَالَ: فَهُوَ عِنْدُ اللَّهِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْمُؤْمِنِ الضَّعِيفِ الْمُتَضَرِّعِ. وَعَنْ خَلِيلِ بْنِ دَعْلَجٍ: أَنَّ صَفِيَّةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَتَتْ طَرَفَ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ فَصَلَّتْ فِيهِ، وَصَعِدَتْ إِلَى طُورِ رَبِّنَا فَصَلَّتْ فِيهِ، وَبَاتَتْ عَلَى طَرَفِ الْجَبَلِ فَقَالَتْ: مِنْ هَاهُنَا يَتَفَرَّقُ النَّاسُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَإِلَى النَّارِ. مِنْ مَشَاهِيرِ الْجِبَالِ قَالَ الْعُلَمَاءُ بِالسِّيَرِ: أَبُو قُبَيْسٍ، هُوَ الْجَبَلُ الْمُشْرِفُ عَلَى الصَّفَا، سُمِّيَ بِرَجُلٍ مِنْ مُذْحِجٍ كَانَ يُكَنَّى أَبَا قُبَيْسٍ، لِأَنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مَنْ بَنَى فِيهِ. وَكَانَ يُسَمَّى فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ الْأَمِينَ، لِأَنَّ الرُّكْنَ كَانَ مُسْتَوْدَعًا فِيهِ عَامَ الطُّوفَانِ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ الْأَخْشَبَيْنِ. وَأُحُدٌ، مِنْ جِبَالِ الْمَدِينَةِ. وَثَوْرٌ، مِنْ جِبَالِ مَكَّةَ، وَالْأَحْمَرُ جَبَلٌ، وَجُهْدُ جُهَيْنَةَ، مُشْرِفٌ عَلَى قَيْنُقَاعَ كَانَ يُسَمَّى الْأَعْرَفَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ. الْحَجُونَ، الْجَبَلُ الْمُشْرِفُ، الَّذِي بِحِذَاءِ مَسْجِدِ الْبَيْعَةِ الَّذِي يَلِي شِعْبَ الْجَزَّارِينَ. الْمُحَصَّبُ، جَبَلٌ مُشْرِفٌ عَلَى ذِي طُوًى، وَحِضْنُ نَجْدٍ. ذُبَابٌ، جَبَلٌ بِالْمَدِينَةِ. يَذْبُلُ، جَبَلٌ بَيْنَ الْيَمَامَةِ وَطَرِيقِ الْبَصْرَةِ. جَبَلٌ ذُو خَيْشٍ شَمَامٌ، جَبَلُ شِبَامٍ جَبَلٌ بِالْيَمَنِ. الظَّهْرَانِ، جَبَلُ عَسِيبٍ جَبَلٌ لَبَنِي هُذَيْلٍ وَعُشَيْبٌ جَبَلٌ لِقُرَيْشٍ، حَبُّودُ جَبَلٌ، الْمَنَاقِبُ جَبَلٌ. قَالَ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْمُنَادِي: جَبَلَا طَيٍّ عَظِيمَانِ طَوِيلَا الْمَسِيرِ. جَبَلُ الْعَرْجِ الَّذِي بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ وَالْمَدِينَةِ، يَمْضِي إِلَى الشَّامِ حَتَّى يَتَّصِلَ بِلُبْنَانَ مِنْ حِمْصَ، ثُمَّ يَسِيرُ مِنْ دِمَشْقَ فَيَمْضِي حَتَّى يَتَّصِلَ بِجِبَالِ أَنْطَاكِيَةَ وَالْمَصِيصَةِ، وَيُسَمَّى هُنَالِكَ الْأَكَامَ، ثُمَّ يَتَّصِلُ بِجِبَالِ مَلْطِيَّةِ، وَشُمَيْشَاطَ، وَقَالِيقَلَا أَبَدًا إِلَى بَحْرِ الْخَزْرِ. وَأَمَّا سَاتِيدُ وَتُبَّلٍ فَحِيطَانٌ. وَأَمَّا جِبَالُ سَرَنْدِيبَ فَشَامِخَاتٍ أَيْضًا وَمِنْهَا الْجَبَلُ الَّذِي أُهْبِطَ عَلَيْهِ آدَمُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ، وَاسْمُهُ وَاشٍ، وَقِيلَ: وَاشِمٌ. وَزَعَمُوا أَنَّ فِيهِ أَثَرَ قَدَمِ آدَمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، وَهُوَ جَبَلٌ عَالٍ يُرَى فِي مَرَاكِبِ الْبَحْرِ مِنْ مَسِيرَةِ أَيَّامٍ، وَزَعَمُوا أَنَّهُمْ مَسَحُوا أَثَرَ قَدَمِ آدَمَ، فَإِذَا هُوَ مِقْدَارُ سَبْعِينَ ذِرَاعًا، قَالُوا: وَعَلَى هَذَا الْجَبَلِ شَبِيهُ الْبَرْقِ شِتَاءً وَصَيْفًا طُولَ السَّنَةِ لَا يَذْهَبُ، وَحَوْلَ هَذَا الْجَبَلِ يَاقُوتٌ وَأَلْوَانُهُ كَثِيرَةٌ. وَفِي وَادِي هَذَا الْجَبَلِ الْمَاسُ الَّذِي يَقْطَعُ الزُّجَاجَ وَالصُّخُورَ، وَيَثْقُبُ اللُّؤْلُؤَ، وَغَيْرَهُ. وَعَلَى هَذَا الْجَبَلِ الْعُودُ، وَالْفِلْفِلُ وَالْآفَاوِيَةُ وَفِيهِ دَابَّةُ الزَّبَادِ، وَدَوَابُّ الْمِسْكِ، ثُمَّ يَعْدِلُ إِلَى جِبَالِ الصِّينِ، وَفِيهَا أَلْوَانٌ مِنَ النَّبَاتِ وَالطِّيبِ وَالْمَنَافِعِ الْكَثِيرَةِ. جِبَالُ الْأَنْدَلُسِ وَجِبَالُ الْقَمَرِ، فَمَوْصُوفَاتٌ بِالْعَظْمِ طُولًا، وَسَعَةُ الشُّقَّةِ مَسِيرًا. وَأَمَّا جِبَالُ بِلَادِ أَرْمِينِيَّةَ فَعِظَامٌ كَثِيرَةٌ، جِبَالُ بِلَادِ الرُّومِ، وَمِنْهَا جَبَلُ قَيْسَارِيَّةَ، وَذُو الْكُلَاعِ، وَحَصِيرٌ، وَجَبَلُ الرَّقِيمِ، وَجَبَلُ الرُّومِ الَّذِي اعْتَمَلَهُ ذُو الْقَرْنَيْنِ، وَجَعَلَ وَرَاءَهَ يَأْجُوجَ وَمَأْجُوجَ، طُولُهُ سَبْعُمِائَةِ فَرْسَخٍ، بَدْؤُهُ خَارِجَ الْعُمْرَانِ فِي الْإِقْلِيمِ السَّابِعِ، وَطَرَفُ مَبْدَئِهِ مُسْتَقْبِلَ الْمَشْرِقِ، وَيَنْعَطِفُ هَذَا الْجَبَلِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ مَبْدَؤُهُ إِلَى نَاحِيَةِ الْجَنُوبِ، ثُمَّ يَسْتَقِيمُ فَيَمُرُّ طُولًا إِلَى أَنْ يَنْتَهِيَ طُولًا إِلَى الْبَحْرِ الْمُظْلِمِ، فَيَتَّصِلُ بِهِ وَالرُّومُ الْمَعْمُولُ سَدًّا دُونَ يَأْجُوجَ وَمَأْجُوجَ هُوَ فِي وَادٍ مُتَوَسِّطَ هَذَا الْجَبَلِ. جبال ببلاد اليمن وَبِبِلَادِ الْيَمَنِ جَبَلَانِ عَظِيمَانِ مَسِيرَةُ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا فِي السَّهْلِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامِ، وَرَأْسُهُمَا مُتَقَارِبَانِ، يُنَاوِلُ الرَّجُلُ صَاحِبَهُ مَا يُرِيدُ مِنْ أَحَدِهِمَا إِلَى الْآخَرِ. وَبِالْيَمَنِ جَبَلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ الْمَصَانِعُ، طَوِيلٌ مُمْتَنِعٌ، وَوَرَاءَهُ جَبَلٌ آخَرُ، وَبَيْنَهُمَا فَضْلٌ مُتَقَارِبٌ. وَجِبَالُ فِرِنْجَةَ مِنْ جِبَالِ الْأَنْدَلُسِ، وَهُنَاكَ جَبَلٌ فِيهِ نَارٌ تَتَّقِدُ فِي تُرَابٍ وَحِجَارَةٍ، مَا طُفِئَتْ قَطُّ وَجِبَالُ الصَّقَالِبَةِ، وَبِلَادُ خُرَاسَانَ، وَنَوَاحِي الْمَشْرِقِ كَثِيرَةٌ. وَبِمَكَّةَ أَبُو قُبَيْسٍ، وَحِرَاءُ، وَثَبِيرُ وَبِعَرَفَاتٍ جَبَلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ كَبْكَبُ، وَبِالْمَدِينَةِ أُحُدٌ، وَدَرْقَانُ، وَعَيْنَيْنِ، وَالْيَسَقُونُ، وَذُبَابٌ، وَسَلْعٌ، وَرَانِجُ، وَجَبَلُ بَنِي عُبْيَدٍ، وَهَمْدَانُ بَيْنَ الْجُحْفَةِ وَقَدِيدٍ، وَطُورُ رِيتَا بِرَأْسِ عَيْنٍ، وَبِبِلَادِ نَجْدٍ جَبَلٌ مُنِيفٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ حِصْنٌ، بِخَيْبَرَ جَبَلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ: ذُو الرَّقَبَةِ، وَبَيْنَ قَدِيدٍ وَعُسْفَانَ جَبَلٌ يُسَمَّى الْمُشَلَّلَ بِالْكَدِيدِ،وَفِي الْأَرْضِ جِبَالٌ كَثِيرَةٌ لَا تُحْصَى . تَعَالَى مَنْ يُثْبِتُهَا الْيَوْمَ وَيُسَيِّرُهَا غَدًا. قَالَ الْمُصَنِّفُ: وَبِالْيَمَنِ جَبَلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ شَعْبَانُ. فعن عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الشَّعْبَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَشْيَاخٌ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ، مِنْهُمْ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ، وَكَانَ عَالِمًا: أَنَّ مَطَرًا أَصَابَ الْيَمَنَ فَجَحَفَتِ السَّيْلُ مَوْضِعًا فَأَبْدَى عَنْ أَزَجَّ عَلَيْهِ بَابٌ مِنْ حِجَارَةٍ، فَكَسَرَ الْغَلَقَ وَدَخَلَ، فَإِذَا بَهْوٌ عَظِيمٌ فِيهِ سَرِيرٌ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ، فَإِذَا عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ مُسَجًّى فَشَبَرْنَاهُ فَإِذَا طُولُهُ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شِبْرًا، وَإِذَا عَلَيْهِ حُبَابٌ مِنْ وَشْيٍ مَنْسُوجَةٌ بِالذَّهَبِ، وَإِلَى جَنْبِهِ مِحْجَنٌ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ وَعَلَى رَأْسِهِ [تَاجٌ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ عَلَيْهِ] يَاقُوتَةٌ حَمْرَاءُ، وَإِذَا رَجُلٌ أَبْيَضُ الرَّأْسِ وَاللِّحْيَةِ لَهُ ضَفِيرَتَانِ، وَإِلَى جَنْبِهِ [لَوْحٌ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ] مَكْتُوبٌ فِيهِ بِالْحِمْيَرِيَّةِ: "بِاسْمِكَ اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ حِمْيَرَ، أَنَا حَسَّانُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الْقِيلُ، إِذْ لَا قِيلَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، عِشْتُ بِأَمَلٍ وَمُتُّ بِأَجَلٍ أَيَّامَ الطَّاعُونِ هَلَكَ فِيهِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ أَلْفَ قِيلٍ، فَكُنْتُ آخِرَهُمْ قِيلًا، فَأَتَيْتُ جَبَلَ ذِي شَعْبَيْنِ لِيُجِيرَنِي مِنَ الْمَوْتِ، فَأَخْفِرْنِي، قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ: هُوَ حَسَّانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ جُشَمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسِ بْنِ وَائِلِ بْنِ عَوْنٍ، وَحَسَّانُ هُوَ ذُو الشَّعْبَيْنِ، وَهُوَ جَبَلٌ بِالْيَمَنِ نَزَلَهُ هُوَ وَوَلَدَهُ، فَنُسِبُوا إِلَيْهِ، فَمَنْ كَانَ بِالْكُوفَةِ قِيلَ: هُمْ شَعْبِيُّونَ، مِنْهُمْ عَامِرُ الشَّعْبِيُّ، وَمَنْ كَانَ بِالشَّامِ قِيلَ لَهُمْ: شَعْبَانِيُّونَ، وَمَنْ كَانَ بِالْيَمَنِ قِيلَ لَهُمْ: آلُ شَعْبَيْنِ وَمَنْ كَانَ بِمِصْرَ وَالْمَغْرِبِ، قِيلَ لَهُمْ: الْأَشْعُوبُ، وَهُمْ جَمِيعًا بَنُو حَسَّانَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو ذِي شَعْبَيْنِ. وعن عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ أَبُو الْأَشْعَثِ الْكِنْدِيُّ، قَالَ: أَمْلَى عَلَيَّ عَرَّامُ بْنُ الْأَصْبَغِ السُّلَمِيُّ، قَالَ: أسماء جبال تهامة أَسْمَاءُ جِبَالِ تِهَامَةَ وَسُكَّانُهَا وَمَا فِيهَا مِنَ الْقُرَى وَمَا يَنْبُتُ عَلَيْهَا مِنَ الْأَشْجَارِ، وَمَا فِيهَا مِنَ الْمِيَاهِ. أَوَّلُهَا رَضْوَى، مِنْ يَنْبُعُ عَلَى يَوْمٍ، وَمِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ عَلَى سَبْعِ مَرَاحِلَ، مَيَامِنُهُ طَرِيقُ مَكَّةَ، مَيَاسِرُهُ طَرِيقُ الْبُرَيْرَاءِ لِمَنْ كَانَ مِصْعَدًا إِلَى مَكَّةَ، وَعَلَى لَيْلَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْبَحْرِ، وَبِحِذَائِهَا عَزْوَرُ، وَبَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ رَضْوَى طَرِيقُ الْمُعْرِقَةِ، تَخْتَصِرُهُ الْعَرَبُ إِلَى الشَّامِ وَإِلَى مَكَّةَ. وَالْمَدِينَةُ بَيْنَ جَبَلَيْنِ، قَدْرَ شَوْطِ الْفَرَسِ، وَهُمَا جَبَلَانِ شَاهِقَانِ مَنِيعَانِ لَا يَرُوقُهُمَا أُحُدَيْنَا، بِهِمَا الشَّوْحَةُ، وَالنَّبْعُ وَالزَّنَقُ، وَهُوَ شَجَرٌ شِبْهُ الضَّهْيَاءِ، وَالضَّهْيَاءُ شَجَرٌ شِبْهُ الْعُنَّابِ تَأْكُلُهُ الْإِبِلُ وَالْغَنَمُ، لَا ثَمَرَ لَهُ، وَلِلضِّهْيَاءِ ثَمَرٌ شِبْهُ الْعُصْفُرِ لَا يُؤْكَلُ، [وَ] لَا رِيحَ لَهُ وَلَا طَعْمَ. وَفِي الْجَبَلَيْنِ جَمِيعُ مِيَاهٍ وَأَوْشَالٍ، وَالْوَشَلُ مَاءٌ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ لَا يُطَوِّرُهَا أَحَدٌ، وَلَا يَعْرَفُ مُتَفَجَّرُهَا، وَيَسْكُنُ وَرَاءَهَا وَأَجْوَازَهَا نَهْدٌ وَجُهَيْنَةُ فِي الْوَبَرِ خَاصَّةً دُونَ الْمَدَرِ، وَلَهُمْ هُنَاكَ يَسَارٌ ظَاهِرٌ. وَيَصُبُّ الْجَبَلَانِ فِي وَادِي غَيْقَةَ، وَغَيْقَةُ تَصُبُّ فِي الْبَحْرِ، وَلَهَا مِسَاكٌ، وَهُوَ مَوْضِعٌ يُمْسِكُ الْمَاءَ. وَمِنْ عَنْ يَمِينَ رَضْوَى لِمَنْ كَانَ مُنْحَدِرًا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ إِلَى الْبَحْرِ عَلَى لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ رَضْوَى يَنْبُعُ. وَفِيهَا مُغْبَرٌّ، وَهِيَ قَرْيَةٌ كَبِيرَةٌ غِنَاءُ، سُكَّانُهَا الْأَنْصَارُ وَجُهَيْنَةُ وَلَيْثٌ أَيْضًا. وَفِيهَا عُيُونٌ عِذَابٌ غَزِيرَةٌ، وَوَادِيهَا يَلِيلُ يَصُبُّ فِي غَيْقَةَ. وَالصَّفْرَاءُ قَرْيَةٌ كَثِيرَةُ النَّخْلِ وَالْمَزَارِعِ، وَمَاؤُهَا عُيُونٌ كُلُّهَا، وَهُوَ فَوْقَ يَنْبُعَ مِمَّا يَلِي الْمَدِينَةَ، وَمَاؤُهَا يَجْرِي إِلَى يَنْبُعَ، وَهِيَ لِجُهَيْنَةَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ، وَلِبَنِي فِهْرٍ وَنَهْدٍ. وَرَضْوَى مِنْهَا مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ مَغِيبِ الشَّمْسِ عَلَى يَوْمٍ، وَحَوَالَيْهَا قِنَانٌ - وَاحِدُهَا قِنَّةٌ - وَضَعْضَاعٌ - وَجَمْعُهَا ضَعَاضِعُ - وَ [فِي] وَالْقِنَانِ وَالضَّعَاضِعِ جَبَلٌ صِغَارٌ لَا يُسَمَّى. وَفِي يَلِيلُ هَذَا عَيْنٌ كَبِيرَةٌ تَخْرُجُ مِنْ جَوْفِ رَمْلٍ مِنْ أَغْزَرِ مَا يَكُونُ مِنَ الْعُيُونِ، وَأَكْثَرُهَا يَجْرِي فِي الرَّمْلِ، فَلَا يُمْكِنُ لِلزَّارِعِينَ عَلَيْهَا [أَنْ يَزْرَعُوا] عَلَيْهَا إِلَّا فِي مَوَاضِعَ يَسِيرَةٍ بَيْنَ أَحْنَاءِ الرَّمْلِ، فِيهَا نَخِيلٌ، وَيُتَّخَذُ فِيهَا الْبُقُولُ وَالْبِطِّيخُ، وَتُسَمَّى هَذِهِ الْعَيْنُ بُحَيْرٌ. وَيَتْلُوهَا الْجَارُ عَلَى شَاطِئِ الْبَحْرِ، تَرْفَأُ إِلَيْهَا السُّفُنُ مِنْ أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ وَمِصْرَ، وَمِنَ الْبَحْرِينِ وَالصِّينِ. وَبِهَا مِنْبَرٌ، وَهِيَ قَرْيَةٌ كَبِيرَةٌ آهِلَةٌ، يَشْرَبُ أَهْلُهَا مِنَ الْبُحَيْرَةِ. وَبِالْجَارِ قُصُورٌ كَثِيرَةٌ، وَنِصْفُ الْجَارِ فِي جَزِيرَةٍ مِنْ بَحْرِ الْعَرَبِ، وَنِصْفُهَا عَلَى السَّاحِلِ. [وَ] بِحِذَاءِ الْجَارِ قَرْيَةٌ فِي جَزِيرَةٍ مِنَ الْبَحْرِ تَكُونُ مِيلًا فِي مِيلٍ، لَا يُعْبَرُ إِلَيْهَا إِلَّا فِي سُفُنٍ، وَهِيَ مَرْسَا الْحَبَشَةِ خَاصَّةً، يُقَالُ لَهَا: قَرَاقِفُ، وَسُكَّانُهَا تُجَّارٌ كَنَحْوِ أَهْلِ الْجَارِ، وَيُؤْتُونَ بِالْمَاءِ مِنْ فَرْسَخَيْنِ. وَوَادِي يَلِيلَ يَصُبُّ فِي الْبَحْرِ. ثُمَّ مِنْ عِنْدَ عُنُقِهِ الْيُسْرَى مِمَّا يَلِي الْمَدِينَةَ - عَنْ يَمِينِ الْمُصْعَدِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَعَنْ يَسَارِ الْمُصْعِدِينَ مِنَ الشَّامِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ - جَبَلَانِ يُقَالُ لِأَحَدِهِمَا: ثَافِلٌ الْأَصْغَرُ، وَثَافِلٌ الْأَكْبَرُ، وَهُمَا لِضَمْرَةَ خَاصَّةً، وَهُمْ أَصْحَابُ حَلَالٍ وَدَعَةٍ وَيَسَارٍ. وَبَيْنَهُمَا ثَنِيَّةٌ لَا تَكُونُ رَمْيَةَ سَهْمٍ. وَبَيْنَهُمَا وَبَيْنَ رَضْوَى وَعَزْوَرَ لَيْلَتَانِ، نَبَاتُهُمَا الْعَرْعَرُ، وَالْقَرْظُ، وَالظِّيَانُ، وَالْأَيْدَعُ، وَالشِّبْيَامُ، وَالظِّيَانُ [لَهُ] سَاقٌ غَلِيظَةٌ، وَهُوَ كَثِيرُ الشَّوْكِ وَالْحَطَبِ، وَلَهُ سِنْفَةٌ كَسِنْفَةِ الْعَشْرَقِ، وَالسِّنْفَةُ مَا تَدَلَّى كُمًّا مِنْ ثَمَرٍ وَخَرَجَ مِنْ أَغْصَانِهِ، وَالْعَشْرَقُ وَرَقٌ يُشْبِهُ الْحَنْدَقُوقَ مُنْتِنَةُ الرِّيحِ، وَالْأَيْدَعُ شَجَرٌ شِبْهُ الدُّلْبِ إِلَّا أَنَّ أَغْصَانَهُ أَشَدُّ تَقَارُبًا مِنْ أَغْصَانِ الدُّلْبِ، لَهَا وَرْدَةٌ حَمْرَاءُ طَيِّبَةُ الرِّيحِ وَلَيْسَ لَهَا ثَمَرٌ، نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ كَسْرِ شَيْءٍ مِنْ أَغْصَانِهَا [وَ] عَنِ السِّدْرِ وَالتَّنْطُبِ وَالسَّرْحِ وَالشَّبَهَانِ، لِأَنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ جَمِيعًا ذَوَاتُ ظِلَالٍ يَسْكُنُ النَّاسُ فِيهَا مِنَ الْبَرْدِ وَالْحَرِّ، وَلِلسِّدْرِ ثَمَرٌ، وَلِلتَّنْطُبِ ثَمَرٌ وَيُقَالُ لَهُ الْهَمْقَعُ يُشْبِهُ الْمِشْمِشَ، يُؤْكَلُ طَيِّبًا. وَفِي ثَافِلٍ الْأَصْغَرِ مَاءٌ فِي دِوَارٍ فِي جَوْقَةٍ يُقَالُ لَهَا الْقَاحَةُ، عَذْبَتَانِ غَزِيرَتَانِ وَهُمَا جَبَلَانِ كَبِيرَانِ شَامِخَانِ، وَكُلُّ جِبَالِ تِهَامَةَ تُنْبِتُ الْغُضُورَ، وَبَيْنَهُمَا وَبَيْنَ عَزْوَرَ وَرَضْوَى سَبْعُ مَرَاحِلَ، وَبَيْنَ هَذِهِ الْجِبَالِ جِبَالٌ صِغَارٌ وَقُرَادِدُ. وَلِمَنْ صَدَرَ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ مُصْعِدًا أَوَّلَ جَبَلٍ يَلْقَاهُ مِنْ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ وَرْقَانُ، وَهُوَ جَبَلٌ أَسْوَدُ عَظِيمٌ كَأَعْظَمِ مَا يَكُونُ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ يَنْقَادُ مِنْ سَيَالَةَ إِلَى الْمُتَعَشَّى بَيْنَ الْعَرْجِ وَالرُّوَيْثَةِ، وَفِي وَرْقَانَ أَنْوَاعُ الشَّجَرِ الْمُثْمِرِ كُلِّهِ وَغَيْرُ الْمُثْمِرِ، وَفِيهِ الْقَرْظُ وَالسُّمَاقُ، وَالرُّمَّانُ، وَالْخَزَمُ، وَهُوَ شَجَرٌ يُشْبِهُ وَرَقُهُ وَرَقَ الْبَرَدَى، وَلَهُ سَاقٌ كَسَاقِ النَّخْلَةِ تُتَّخَذُ مِنْهُ الْأَرْشِيَةُ الْجِيَادُ. وَقِيلَ: [بِهِ] أَوْشَالٌ وَعُيُونٌ عِذَابٌ، سُكَّانُهُ بَنُو أَوْسٍ مِنْ مُزَيْنَةَ، أَهْلُ عَمُودٍ وَلَهُمْ يَسَارٌ. وَهُمْ أَهْلُ صِدْقٍ. وَبِسَفْحِهِ مِنْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ سَيَّالَةُ، ثُمَّ الرَّوْحَاءُ، ثُمَّ الرُّوَثْيَةُ، وَيَفْلِقُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْقُدْسِ الْأَبْيَضِ ثَنِيَّةُ بَنِي عَقَبَةَ، يُقَالُ لَهَا وَكْزَبَةُ، ثُمَّ يَقْطَعُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْقُدْسِ الْأَسْوَدِ عَقَبَةٌ يُقَالُ لَهَا: حَمَتٌ. وَنَبَاتُ الْقُدْسَيْنِ جَمِيعًا الْعَرْعَرُ، وَالْقَرْظُ، وَالشَّوْحَطُ. وَالْقُدْسَانِ جَمِيعًا لِمُزَيْنَةَ، وَأَمْوَالُهُمْ مَاشِيَةٌ مِنَ الشَّاءِ وَالْبَعِيرِ، [وَهُمْ] أَهْلُ عَمُودٍ، وَفِيهِ أَوْشَالٌ كَثِيرَةٌ. وَيُقَابِلُهَا مِنْ عَنْ يَمِينِ الطَّرِيقِ الْمُصْعِدِ جَبَلَانِ يُقَالُ لَهُمَا نَهَبَانِ، نَهَبٌ الْأَسْفَلُ وَنَهَبٌ الْأَعْلَى مَا فِي دِوَارٍ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ بِئْرٌ وَاحِدَةٌ كَبِيرَةٌ غَزِيرَةُ الْمَاءِ مِثْلُهَا، عَلَيْهَا مَبَاطِخُ وَبُقُولُ نَخَلَاتٍ، وَفِي نَهَبٍ الْأَسْفَلِ أَوْشَالٌ. وَفِيهِ الْعَرْجُ، وَوَادِي الْعَرْجِ يُقَالُ لَهُ مُسَيْحَةُ، نَبَاتُهَا الْمَرْخُ وَالْأَرَاكُ وَالثُّمَامُ، وَمِنْ عَنْ يَسَارِ الطَّرِيقِ مُقَابِلًا قُدْسٌ الْأَبْيَضُ وَالْأَسْوَدُ جَبَلٌ مِنْ أَشْمَخِ مَا يَكُونُ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ يُقَالُ لَهَا آرَةٌ، وَهُوَ جَبَلٌ أَحْمَرُ تَخْرُجُ مِنْ جَوَانِبِهِ عُيُونٌ، عَلَى كُلِّ عَيْنٍ مِنْ جَانِبِهِ قَرْيَةٌ، فَمِنْهَا قَرْيَةٌ غِنَاءُ كَبِيرَةٌ يُقَالُ لَهَا: الْفَرْعُ، وَهِيَ لِقُرَيْشٍ وَالْأَنْصَارِ وَمُزَيْنَةَ وَمِنْهَا أُمُّ الْعِيَالِ قَرْيَةُ صَدَقَةِ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَمِنْهَا قَرْيَةٌ غِنَاءُ كَبِيرَةٌ يُقَالُ لَهَا الْمَضِيقُ. وَمِنْهَا قَرْيَةٌ يُقَالُ لَهَا الْعُمْرَةُ، وَقَرْيَةٌ يُقَالُ لَهَا: خُضْرَةُ، وَقَرْيَةٌ يُقَالُ لَهَا: الْفَغْوَةُ، وَفِي كُلِّ هَذِهِ الْقُرَى نَخِيلٌ وَزَرْعٌ، وَهِيَ مِنَ السُّقْيَا عَلَى ثَلَاثِ مَرَاحِلَ، وَوَادِيهَا يَصُبُّ فِي الْأَبْوَاءِ وَفِي وَدَّانَ، وَهِيَ قَرْيَةٌ مِنْ أُمَّهَاتِ الْقُرَى. وَالسِّتَارَةُ قَرْيَةٌ تَتَّصِلُ بِجَبَلَةَ وَادِيهَا وَاحِدٌ، وَيَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ جَبَلَةَ أَوَّلُ قَرْيَةٍ اتُّخِذَتْ بِتِهَامَةَ، وَبِجَبَلَةَ حُصُونٌ مُنْكَرَةٌ مَبْنِيَّةٌ بِالصَّخْرِ، لَا يَرُومُهَا أَحَدٌ. وَشَمَنْصِيرُ جَبَلٌ مُلَمْلَمٌ لَمْ يَعُلْهُ قَطُّ أَحَدٌ، [وَلَا أَدْرِي مَا عَلَى ذُرْوَتِهِ] وَبِأَعْلَاهَا الْقُرُودُ، وَبِغَرْبَيْهِ قَرْيَةٌ بِحِذَائِهَا جَبَلٌ صَغِيرٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ ضَعَاضِعُ، وَهَذِهِ الْقَرْيَةُ لِسَعِيدٍ وَبَنِي سُرُوحٍ، وَهُمُ الَّذِينَ نَشَأَ فِيهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلِهُذَيْلٍ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ، وَلِفَهْمٍ أَيْضًا. وَعَنْ يَمِينِ الطَّرِيقِ جَبَلُ الْأَبْوَاءِ، ثُمَّ هَرْشِي، وَهُوَ عَلَى مُلْتَقَى الشَّامِ وَطَرِيقِ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَهَرْشِي فِي أَرْضٍ مُسْتَوِيَةٍ، وَهِيَ هَضْبَةٌ مُلَمْلَمَةٌ لَا يُنْبِتُ اللَّهُ فِيهَا شَيْئًا، وَأَسْفَلَ مِنْهُ وَدَّانُ عَلَى مِيلَيْنِ مِمَّا يَلِي مَغِيبَ الشَّمْسِ مِنْ عَنْ يَمِينِهَا بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ الْبَحْرُ يَقْطَعُهَا الْمُصِعِدُونَ مِنْ حُجَّاجِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَيَنْصَبُّونَ مِنْهَا مُنْصَرِفِينَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ، وَيَتَّصِلُ بِهَا مِمَّا يَلِي مَغِيبَ الشَّمْسِ مِنْ عَنْ يَمِينِهَا بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ الْبَحْرِ خَبْتٌ، وَالْخَبْتُ الرَّمْلُ الَّذِي لَا يَنْبُتُ فِيهِ غَيْرُ الْأَرْطَى، وَهُوَ حَطَبٌ، وَفِيهَا مُتَوَسِّطَ الْخَبْتِ جُبَيْلٌ صَغِيرٌ أَسْوَدُ شَدِيدُ السَّوَادِ يُقَالُ لَهُ: طُفَيْلٌ، ثُمَّ يَنْقَطِعُ عِنْدَ الْجِبَالِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَوْدِيَةٍ يَنْبُتُ فِيهَا الْأَرَاكُ، وَالْمَرْخُ، وَالدَّوْمُ - وَهُوَ الْمُقْلُ - وَالنَّخْلُ. وَمِنْهَا وَادٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ كُلَيَّةُ، بِأَعْلَاهُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَجْبُلٍ صِغَارٌ مُتَفَرِّقَاتٌ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ، وَدُونَ الْجُحْفَةِ عَلَى مِيلٍ وَادِي غَدِيرُ خُمٍّ، وَوَادِيهِ يَصُبُّ فِي الْبَحْرِ، لَا يُنْبِتُ إِلَّا الْمَرْخَ وَالثُّمَامُ وَالْأَرَاكَ، وَغَدِيرُ خُمٍّ لَا يُفَارِقُهُ أَبَدًا مَاءٌ مِنْ مَاءِ الْمَطَرِ، وَبِهِ نَاسٌ مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ وَكِنَانَةَ. ثُمَّ الشُّرَاةُ، وَهُوَ جَبَلٌ مُرْتَفِعٌ شَامِخٌ يَأْرَّيْهِ الْفَرْدُ، وَيُنْبِتُ النَّبْعَ وَالشَّوْحَطَ وَالْقَرْظَ. ثُمَّ عُسْفَانُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ الطَّرِيقِ لِخُزَاعَةَ خَاصَّةً، ثُمَّ الْبَحْرُ، وَتَنْقَطِعُ عَنْكَ الْجِبَالُ ثُمَّ مَرُّ الظَّهْرَانِ، وَمَرُّ هِيَ الْقَرْيَةُ، وَالظَّهْرَانُ الْوَادِي، وَبِمَرَّ عُيُونٌ كَثِيرَةٌ، وَنَخِيلٌ كَثِيرَةٌ. ثُمَّ تَؤُمُّ مَكَّةَ مُنْحَدِرًا مِنْ بَرِّيَّةٍ يُقَالُ لَهَا جَفْجَفُ. وَتَنْحَدِرُ فِي حَدِّ مَكَّةَ فِي وَادٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ وَادِي تُرْبَةَ، تَنْصَبُّ إِلَى بُسْتَانِ بَنِي عَامِرٍ، وَحَوَالَيْهِ [بَيْنَ الْجِبَالِ السُّرَاةُ وَيَسُومُ وَفَرْقَدُ وَ] مَعْدِنُ الْبُرْمِ، وَجَبَلَانِ يُقَالُ لَهُمَا شُوَانَانِ، وَاحِدُهَا شُوَانُ. وَهَذِهِ الْبِلَادُ كُلُّهَا لِغَامِدٍ. وَفِي جِبَالِ السُّرَاةِ الْأَعْنَابُ وَقَصَبُ السُّكَّرِ. من جبال مكة وَمِنْ جِبَالِ مَكَّةَ : أَبُو قُبَيْسٍ، وَالصَّفَا، وَالْجَبَلُ الْأَحْمَرُ، وَالْجَبَلُ الْأَسْوَدُ، وَمُرْتَفَعٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ الْهَيْلَاءُ، يُقْطَعُ مِنْهُ الْحِجَارَةُ لِلْبِنَاءِ وَلِلْأَرْحَاءِ. وَالْمَرْوَةُ جَبَلٌ [مَائِلٌ] إِلَى الْحُمْرَةِ، وَثَبِيرٌ جَبَلٌ شَامِخٌ يُقَابِلُهُ حِرَاءٌ، وَهُوَ أَرْفَعُ مِنْ ثَبِيرٍ، فِي أَعْلَاهُ قِلَّةٌ شَاهِقَةٌ، وَلَيْسَ فِي جَبَلِ مَكَّةَ نَبَاتٌ إِلَّا شَيْءٌ مِنَ الضَّهْيَاءِ يَكُونُ فِي الْجَبَلِ الْأَحْمَرِ، وَلَيْسَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْهَا مَاءٌ. ثُمَّ جِبَالُ عَرَفَاتٍ تَتَّصِلُ بِهَا جِبَالُ الطَّائِفِ، وَفِيهَا مِيَاهٌ كَثِيرَةٌ الْأَوْشَالِ. وَالْأَخْشَبَانِ جَبَلَانِ بِعَرَفَاتٍ بَيْنَهُمَا يُعْرَفُ النَّاسُ، وَقُعْيَقَعَانُ قَرْيَةٌ بِهَا مِيَاهٌ كَثِيرَةٌ وَزَرْعٌ وَنَخِيلٌ وَفَوَاكِهُ، وَهِيَ الْيَمَانِيَةُ. وَالطَّائِفُ ذَاتُ مَزَارِعَ وَنَخِيلٍ وَأَعْنَابٍ [وَمَوْزٍ] وَسَائِرِ الْفَوَاكِهِ، وَفِيهَا مِيَاهٌ جَارِيَةٌ وَأَوْدِيَةٌ تَنْصَبُّ مِنْهَا إِلَى تَبَالَةَ، وَهِيَ قَرْيَةٌ. وَحَدُّ الْحِجَازِ مِنْ مَعْدِنِ النُّقْرَةِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، [فَنِصْفُ الْمَدِينَةِ] حِجَازِيٌّ وَنَصِفُهَا تِهَامِيٌّ، وَمِنَ الْقُرَى الْحِجَازِيِّ بَطْنُ نَخْلٍ، وَبِحِذَاءِ نَخْلٍ جَبَلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ الْأَسْوَدُ، نِصْفُهُ نَجْدِيٌّ وَنِصْفُهُ حِجَازِيٌّ، وَهُوَ جَبَلٌ أَسْوَدُ شَامِخٌ. ثُمَّ الطَّرَفُ لِمَنْ أَمَّ الْمَدِينَةَ يَكْتَنِفُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَجْبُلٍ أَحَدُهَا ظُلْمٌ، وَهُوَ جَبَلٌ أَسْوَدُ شَامِخٌ لَا يُنْبِتُ [فِيهِ] شَيْئًا. وَالشَّوْرَانُ جَبَلٌ مُطِلٌّ عَلَى السَّدِّ كَبِيرٌ مُرْتَفِعٌ . وَمِنْ قِبَلِ الْمَدِينَةِ جَبَلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ الصَّارِي، وَأُحُدٌ، وَجَبَلٌ حِذَاءَ شَوْرَانَ يُقَالُ لَهُ سِنٌّ، وَجِبَالٌ كِبَارٌ شَوَاهِقُ لَا يُنْبِتُ [فِيهَا] شَيْئًا، بَلْ يُقْطَعُ مِنْهَا الْأَرْحَاءُ وَالصُّخُورُ لِلْبِنَاءِ، تُنْقَلُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَمَا حَوَالَيْهَا. وَحِذَاهَا جُبَيْلٌ لَيْسَ بِالشَّامِخِ يُقَالُ لَهُ قُنَّةُ الْحَجَرِ، وَهُنَاكَ وَادٍ. ثُمَّ تَمْضِي مُصْعِدًا نَحْوَ مَكَّةَ، فَتَمِيلُ إِلَى وَادٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ عُرَيْفَطَانُ، لَيْسَ بِهَا مَاءٌ وَلَا رَعْيٌ، وَحِذَاءَهُ جَبَلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ أَبْلَى، وَفِي أَبْلَى مِيَاهٌ، مِنْهَا بِئْرُ مَعُونَةَ، وَحِذَاءُ أَبْلَى جَبَلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ ذُو الْمَوْقِعَةِ مِنْ شَرْقَيْهَا، وَهُوَ جَبَلُ مَعْدِنِ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ، يَكُونُ بِهِ اللَّازَوَرْدُ كَثِيرًا، وَحِذَاؤُهُ مِنْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ جَبَلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ أَحَامِرُ لَيْسَ فِيهِ مَاءٌ. وَجَبَلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ بُرَثْمٌ، [وَجَبَلٌ] يُقَالُ لَهُ تِعَارُ، وَهُمَا جَبَلَانِ عَالِيَانِ لَا يُنْبِتَانِ شَيْئًا، فِيهِمَا النُّمْرَانُ كَثِيرَةٌ. وَالْخَرِبُ جَبَلٌ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْقِبْلَةِ، لَا يُنْبِتُ [فِيهِ] شَيْئًا، وَجَبَلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ أَقْزَاحُ شَامِخٌ مُرْتَفِعٌ أَجْرَدُ، لَا يُنْبِتُ [فِيهِ] شَيْئًا، كَثِيرَةُ النُّمُورِ وَالْأَرَاوِي. ثُمَّ جَبَلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ صَفَارُ، وَجَبَلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ شَوَاحِطُ، وَجَبَلٌ لِصُفَيْنَةَ يُقَالُ لَهُ السِّتَارُ، وَبِصُفَيْنَةَ مَزَارِعُ وَنَخِيلٌ كَثِيرَةٌ، يَعْدِلُ إِلَيْهَا أَهْلُ الْحِجَازِ إِذَا عَطِشُوا، وَجَبَلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ هَكْرَانُ، وَجَبَلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ عُنٌّ وَالْوَفْقَا جَبَلٌ لَبَنِي طَالٍ، حِذَاهُ جَبَلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ: بُسٌّ. وَذَكَرَ أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ الْأَزْهَرِيُّ عَنْ قُعَيْقَعَانَ مَوْضِعٌ بِمَكَّةَ اقْتَتَلَ عِنْدَهُ قَبِيلَانِ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ فَسُمِّيَ قُعَيْقَعَانَ بِتَقَعْقُعِ السِّلَاحِ فِيهِ. قَالَ: وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: إِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ قُعَيْقَعَانُ لِأَنَّ حَرْبَهُمَا كَانَتْ تُجْعَلُ فِيهِ قِسِيُّهَا وَجِعَابُهَا وَدَرَقُهَا فَكَانَتْ تُقَعْقِعُ وَتُصَوِّتُ. قَالَ: وَقُعَيْقَعَانُ جَبَلٌ بِالْأَهْوَازِ وَمِنْهُ نُحِتَ أَسَاطِينُ مَسْجِدِ الْبَصْرَةِ. قَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: الْجَبَلُ الَّذِي تَطْلُعُ الشَّمْسُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ طُولُهُ ثَمَانُونَ فَرْسَخًا. وذَكَرَ قَدَامَةُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْكَاتِبُ قَالَ: الَّذِي وُجِدَ فِي الْإِقْلِيمِ الْأَوَّلِ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ جَبَلًا مِنْهَا جَبَلُ سَرَنْدِيبَ، وَطُولُهُ مِائَتَانِ وَنَيِّفٌ وَسِتُّونَ مِيلًا. وَالْإِقْلِيمُ الثَّانِي فِيهِ سَبْعَةٌ وَعِشْرُونَ جَبَلًا مِنْهَا جَبَلُ كَرْمَانَ، وَطُولُهُ ثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ وَنَيِّفٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ مِيلًا. وَالْإِقْلِيمُ الثَّالِثُ فِيهِ أَحَدٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ جَبَلًا، وَالْإِقْلِيمُ الرَّابِعُ فِيهِ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ أَرْبَعَةٌ وَعِشْرُونَ جَبَلًا، وَمِنْهَا جَبَلُ الثَّلْجِ بِدِمَشْقَ طُولُهُ ثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ وَثَلَاثُونَ مِيلًا، وَجَبَلُ اللُّكَامِ لِهَذِهِ النَّاحِيَةِ وَطُولُهُ مِائَةُ مِيلٍ، وَجَبَلٌ مُتَّصِلٌ بِحُوَّانَ وَطُولُهُ مِائَةٌ وَخَمْسَةٌ وَعِشْرُونَ مِيلًا. وَالْإِقْلِيمُ الْخَامِسُ فِيهِ تِسْعَةٌ وَعِشْرُونَ جَبَلًا. وَفِي الْإِقْلِيمِ السَّادِسِ أَرْبَعَةٌ وَعِشْرُونَ جَبَلًا، فَجَمِيعُ مَا عُرِفَ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ مِائَةٌ وَثَمَانِيَةٌ وَتِسْعُونَ جَبَلًا .
Translation
✧ Mention of the Mountains Imām Aḥmad said: with his chain of transmission from Anas b. Mālik, from the Prophet ﷺ, who said: When Allah created the earth, it began to sway, so He created the mountains and cast them upon it; thus it became stable. The angels marveled at the creation of the mountains and said: O Lord, is there anything among Your creation stronger than the mountains? He said: Yes, iron. They said: O Lord, is there anything among Your creation stronger than iron? He said: Yes, fire. They said: O Lord, is there anything among Your creation stronger than fire? He said: Yes, water. They said: O Lord, is there anything among Your creation stronger than water? He said: Yes, wind. They said: O Lord, is there anything among Your creation stronger than wind? He said: Yes, the son of Adam, who gives charity with his right hand, hiding it from his left. Aḥmad alone transmitted it. The scholars of cosmography have mentioned the numbers of the mountains of the earth in all its regions, east and west, and they have mentioned their lengths, the extent of their stretches, and their heights, and they expounded at length on that in a way too long to describe here. Allah, exalted be He, has said: “And among the mountains are streaks, white and red, of varying colors, and very black ones” [Fāṭir: 27]. Ibn ʿAbbās and more than one said: al-judad means the streaks. ʿIkrimah and others said: al-gharābīb are the tall black mountains. This is what is observed of the mountains throughout the earth: they vary according to the variation of their regions and their colors. Allah, exalted be He, has mentioned in His Book al-Jūdī by name. It is a great mountain east of the island of Ibn ʿUmar, beside the Tigris near Mosul. Its extension from south to north is a journey of three days, and its height is a journey of half a day. It is green because it contains oak trees. Beside it is a village called the Village of the Eighty, because those who were saved in the ship with Noah ﷺ dwelt in its location. Thus more than one of the commentators have mentioned, and Allah knows best. He, exalted be He, also mentioned Mount Sinai. The ḥāfiẓ al-Bahāʾ Ibn ʿAsākir mentioned in his book “al-Mustaqṣā fī Faḍāʾil al-Masjid al-Aqṣā” in the chapter on the holy mountains, through the route of ʿAmr b. Bakr, from Thawr b. Yazīd, from Khālid b. Maʿdān, from Abū Hurayrah, who said: Our Lord, mighty and glorious, swore by four mountains and said: “By the fig and the olive, and Mount Sinai, and this secure land” [al-Tīn: 1–3]. The fig is the Mount of our Lord, the Mosque of Jerusalem; the olive is the Mount of our Lord; and Mount Sinai; and this secure land is the mountain of Makkah. Qatādah said: The fig is a mountain on which Damascus stands, and the olive is a mountain on which Jerusalem stands. Al-ḥāfiẓ Ibn ʿAsākir narrated from Kaʿb al-Aḥbār that he said: Four mountains on the Day of Resurrection: the mountain of al-Khalīl, Lebanon, al-Ṭūr, and al-Jūdī. Each one of them on the Day of Resurrection will be a white pearl illuminating what is between heaven and earth. They will return to Jerusalem until they are placed in its corners as light, and He will place His throne upon them until He judges between the people of Paradise and the Fire. “And you will see the angels surrounding the Throne, glorifying the praise of their Lord, and it will be judged between them in truth, and it will be said: Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds” [al-Zumar: 75]. And through the route of al-Walīd b. Muslim: ʿUthmān b. Abī ʿĀtikah narrated to us, from ʿAlī b. Yazīd, from al-Qāsim Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, who said: Allah revealed to Mount Qāsiyūn: “Grant your shade and your blessing to the mountain of Jerusalem.” He said: So it did. Then Allah, exalted be He, revealed to it: “Since you have done so, I shall build for Myself a house on your flank.” ʿAbd al-Raḥmān said: al-Walīd said: “on your flank,” meaning in its middle, and it is this mosque—meaning the mosque of Damascus—where I shall be worshiped after the destruction of the world for forty years. The days and nights will not pass until I restore to you your shade and your blessing. He said: Thus it is with Allah in the station of a weak, humble believer. And from Khalīl b. Daʿlaj: that Ṣafiyyah, the wife of the Prophet ﷺ, came to the edge of Jerusalem and prayed there, and she ascended the Mount of our Lord and prayed there, and spent the night on the edge of the mountain, and said: From here the people on the Day of Resurrection will separate to Paradise and to the Fire. Among the famous mountains The scholars of biography said: Abū Qubays is the mountain overlooking al-Ṣafā. It was named after a man from Madhḥij who was called Abū Qubays, because he was the first to build on it. In pre-Islamic times it was called al-Amīn, because the Corner was deposited in it in the year of the Flood. It is one of the two Akhshabān. Uḥud is one of the mountains of Madinah. Thawr is one of the mountains of Makkah. Al-Aḥmar is a mountain. Jahd Juhaynah overlooks Qaynuqāʿ; it was called al-Aʿraf in pre-Islamic times. Al-Ḥajūn is the overlooking mountain which is opposite the Mosque of the Pledge, adjoining the ravine of the butchers. Al-Muḥaṣṣab is a mountain overlooking Dhū Ṭuwā. Ḥiḍn Najd. Dhubāb is a mountain in Madinah. Yadhbul is a mountain between al-Yamāmah and the road to Baṣrah. A mountain of Dhū Khaysh. Shamām is a mountain. Shibām is a mountain in Yemen. Al-Ẓahrān is a mountain. ʿAsīb is a mountain belonging to Banū Hudhayl. ʿUshayb is a mountain belonging to Quraysh. Ḥabbūd is a mountain. Al-Manāqib is a mountain. Abū al-Ḥusayn b. al-Munādī said: The two mountains of Ṭayyiʾ are great and long in extent. The mountain of al-ʿArj, which lies between Makkah and Madinah, continues to Syria until it joins Lebanon near Ḥimṣ, then it proceeds from Damascus and continues until it joins the mountains of Antioch and al-Maṣṣīṣah, where it is called al-Akām. Then it joins the mountains of Malāṭiyah, Shumayshāṭ, and Qālīqalā, always until the Khazar Sea. As for Sātīd and Tubbal, they are walls. As for the mountains of Sarandīb, they are also lofty. Among them is the mountain upon which Adam was brought down from Paradise. Its name is Wāsh, and it is said: Wāshim. They claimed that on it is the trace of Adam's foot ﷺ. It is a high mountain seen from ships at sea from a journey of days. They claimed that they measured the trace of Adam's foot, and it was about seventy cubits. They said: On this mountain there is something like lightning in winter and summer throughout the year, never ceasing. Around this mountain are rubies and many kinds of colored stones. In the valley of this mountain is the diamond that cuts glass and rocks and pierces pearls and other things. On this mountain are aloeswood, pepper, and spices. In it are the civet cat and the musk animals. Then it turns toward the mountains of China, in which are various kinds of plants, perfumes, and many benefits. The mountains of al-Andalus and the mountains of the Moon are described as great in length and wide in extent. As for the mountains of the lands of Armenia, they are great and many. The mountains of the Byzantine lands include the mountain of Caesarea, Dhū al-Kulāʿ, Ḥaṣīr, the mountain of al-Raqīm, and the mountain of the Byzantines which Dhū al-Qarnayn constructed and behind which he placed Gog and Magog. Its length is seven hundred farsakhs. Its beginning is outside the inhabited world in the seventh clime. The edge of its beginning faces east, and this mountain bends at the place of its beginning toward the south, then it goes straight and passes lengthwise until it ends in length at the Dark Sea, where it joins it. The barrier constructed against Gog and Magog is in a valley in the middle of this mountain. Mountains in the lands of Yemen In the lands of Yemen there are two great mountains, the distance between them in the plain being three days' journey, and their summits are near each other, so that a man can hand to his companion what he wants from one of them to the other. In Yemen there is a mountain called al-Maṣāniʿ, long and inaccessible, and behind it another mountain, between them a small intervening space. The mountains of Ifranjah are among the mountains of al-Andalus. There is a mountain in which there is a fire burning in dust and stones that has never been extinguished. The mountains of the Slavs, the lands of Khurāsān, and the regions of the east are many. In Makkah are Abū Qubays, Ḥirāʾ, and Thabīr. At ʿArafāt there is a mountain called Kabkab. In Madinah are Uḥud, Darqān, ʿAynayn, al-Yasaqūn, Dhubāb, Salʿ, Rānij, the mountain of Banū ʿUbayd, and Hamdān between al-Juḥfah and Qudayd. Ṭūr Rītā is at Raʾs al-ʿAyn. In the lands of Najd there is a lofty mountain called Ḥiṣn. At Khaybar there is a mountain called Dhū al-Raqabah. Between Qudayd and ʿUsfān there is a mountain called al-Mushallal at al-Kadīd. In the earth there are many mountains that cannot be counted. Exalted is He who holds them firm today and will set them in motion tomorrow. The compiler said: In Yemen there is a mountain called Shaʿbān. From ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad al-Shaʿbānī: Elders from Shaʿbān narrated to us, among them Muḥammad b. Abī Umayyah, who was a scholar: that rain fell upon Yemen and a torrent swept away a place, exposing a vaulted chamber with a door of stone. He broke the lock and entered, and behold, there was a great hall in which was a bed of gold, and on it a man wrapped in a shroud. We measured him by a span, and his length was twelve spans. On him was a garment of embroidered cloth woven with gold, and beside him a golden staff, and on his head a crown of gold set with a red ruby. And behold, a man white of head and beard, with two braids, and beside him a tablet of gold inscribed in Ḥimyarite: “In Your name, O Allah, Lord of Ḥimyar. I am Ḥassān b. ʿAmr the Qayl, when there is no qayl but Allah. I lived in hope and died at an appointed term. In the days of the plague, twelve thousand qayls perished in it, and I was the last of them as qayl. So I came to the mountain of Dhū Shaʿbayn to protect me from death, but it failed me.” ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad said: He is Ḥassān b. ʿUmar b. Qays b. Muʿāwiyah b. Jusham b. ʿAbd Shams b. Wāʾil b. ʿAwn. Ḥassān is Dhū al-Shaʿbayn, and it is a mountain in Yemen where he and his descendants settled, so they were named after it. Those in Kufa are called Shaʿbiyyūn, among them ʿĀmir al-Shaʿbī. Those in Syria are called Shaʿbāniyyūn. Those in Yemen are called the family of Shaʿbayn. Those in Egypt and the Maghrib are called al-Ashʿūb. All of them are the Banū Ḥassān b. ʿAmr Dhū Shaʿbayn. From ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Malik Abū al-Ashʿath al-Kindī, who said: ʿArrām b. al-Aṣbagh al-Sulamī dictated to me, saying: Names of the mountains of Tihāmah The names of the mountains of Tihāmah and their inhabitants, and what villages are in them, and what trees grow on them, and what waters are in them. The first of them is Raḍwā, one day from Yanbuʿ and seven stages from Madinah. Its right side is the road to Makkah, and its left side is the road of al-Burayrāʾ for one going up to Makkah, and it is two nights from the sea. Opposite it is ʿAzwar, and between it and Raḍwā is the road of al-Muʿriqah, which the Arabs take as a shortcut to Syria and to Makkah. Madinah lies between two mountains, about the distance of a horse's run. They are two lofty, inaccessible mountains, neither of them surpassed by Uḥud. In them are the shawḥah tree, the nabʿ, and the zanaq, which is a tree like the ḍahyāʾ. The ḍahyāʾ is a tree like the jujube that camels and sheep eat; it has no fruit. The ḍahyāʾ has fruit like safflower that is not eaten, and it has no smell and no taste. In both mountains there are waters and trickles (awshāl). The washāl is water that emerges from places no one can reach; no one knows its springs. Behind them and in their passes dwell Nahd and Juhaynah in tents only, not in mud buildings, and they have evident prosperity there. The two mountains pour into the valley of Ghayqah, and Ghayqah pours into the sea. It has a misāk, which is a place that holds water. To the right of Raḍwā for one descending from Madinah to the sea, one night from Raḍwā, is Yanbuʿ. In it is Mughabbar, which is a large, rich village. Its inhabitants are the Anṣār, Juhaynah, and also Layth. In it are sweet, abundant springs, and its valley Yalyal pours into Ghayqah. Al-Ṣafrāʾ is a village with many palm trees and farms; all its water comes from springs. It is above Yanbuʿ on the side toward Madinah, and its water flows to Yanbuʿ. It belongs to Juhaynah, the Anṣār, Banū Fihr, and Nahd. Raḍwā is a day from it on the side of sunset, and around it are qinān—singular qinnah—and ḍaʿḍāʿ—plural ḍaʿāḍiʿ—and among the qinān and ḍaʿāḍiʿ are small mountains that are not named. In this Yalyal there is a great spring that emerges from the midst of sand, among the most abundant of springs, and most of it flows in the sand, so the farmers there cannot cultivate it except in a few places between the bends of the sand, where there are palm trees, and vegetables and melons are grown there. This spring is called Buḥayr. Next to it is al-Jār on the seashore, where ships put in from the land of Abyssinia, Egypt, Bahrain, and China. It has a pulpit and is a large, populous village. Its people drink from al-Buḥayrah. At al-Jār there are many castles. Half of al-Jār is on an island in the Arabian Sea, and half is on the coast. Opposite al-Jār is a village on an island in the sea, about a mile by a mile, reached only by ships. It is the anchorage of the Abyssinians in particular, called Qarāqif. Its inhabitants are merchants like the people of al-Jār, and they bring water from two farsakhs away. The valley of Yalyal pours into the sea. Then from its left neck, on the side toward Madinah—to the right of one going up to Makkah from Madinah, and to the left of those going up from Syria to Makkah—are two mountains, one called Thāfil al-Aṣghar and the other Thāfil al-Akbar. They belong to Ḍamrah in particular, who are people of lawful wealth, ease, and prosperity. Between them is a mountain pass not even a bowshot wide. Between them and Raḍwā and ʿAzwar are two nights. Their vegetation is the ʿarʿar, qaraẓ, ẓiyān, aydaʿ, and shibyām. The ẓiyān has a thick trunk and is full of thorns and firewood; it has a pod like the pod of the ʿashraq. The sinfah is what hangs like a sleeve from fruit and emerges from its branches. The ʿashraq is a leaf resembling ḥandaqūq, foul-smelling. The aydaʿ is a tree like the plane tree, except that its branches are closer together than those of the plane tree; it has a red flower, fragrant, but no fruit. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade breaking any of its branches, and also from the sidr, tanṭub, sarḥ, and shabahān, because all these have shade in which people shelter from cold and heat. The sidr has fruit, and the tanṭub has fruit called hamqaʿ, resembling apricots, which is eaten and is good. In Thāfil al-Aṣghar there is water in a dwelling in a hollow called al-Qāḥah: two sweet, abundant springs. They are two great, lofty mountains, and all the mountains of Tihāmah produce the ghuḍūr. Between them and ʿAzwar and Raḍwā are seven stages. Between these mountains are small mountains and qarādid. For one who departs from Madinah going up, the first mountain he meets on his left is Warqān. It is a great black mountain, as great as mountains can be, extending from Sayālah to al-Mutaʿashshā between al-ʿArj and al-Ruwaythah. In Warqān are all kinds of fruit-bearing and non-fruit-bearing trees; in it are qaraẓ, sumac, pomegranate, and khazam, which is a tree whose leaves resemble those of the bardī and whose trunk is like that of a palm tree, from which good ropes are made. It is said that it has trickles and sweet springs. Its inhabitants are Banū Aws of Muzaynah, tent-dwellers, and they have prosperity, and they are truthful people. At its foot on its right are Sayālah, then al-Rawḥāʾ, then al-Ruwaythah. Between it and al-Quds al-Abyaḍ there is the pass of Banū ʿAqabah, called Wakzabah, and then between it and al-Quds al-Aswad a pass called Ḥamat. The vegetation of the two Quds mountains together is ʿarʿar, qaraẓ, and shawḥaṭ. The two Quds mountains both belong to Muzaynah, and their wealth is livestock of sheep and camels. They are tent-dwellers, and in them are many trickles. Opposite them, on the right side of the ascending road, are two mountains called Nahabān: Nahab al-Asfal and Nahab al-Aʿlā. In the midst of the land there is a single large well with abundant water like it; on it are melon patches, vegetables, and palm groves, and in Nahab al-Asfal there are trickles. In it is al-ʿArj, and the valley of al-ʿArj is called Musayḥah. Its vegetation is markh, arāk, and thumām. On the left side of the road, opposite Quds al-Abyaḍ and al-Aswad, is a mountain as lofty as mountains can be, called Ārah. It is a red mountain from whose sides springs emerge. By each spring on its side is a village. Among them is a large, rich village called al-Farʿ, belonging to Quraysh, the Anṣār, and Muzaynah. Among them is Umm al-ʿIyāl, the village of the charity of Fāṭimah, daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Among them is a large, rich village called al-Maḍīq. Among them is a village called al-ʿUmrah, a village called Khuḍrah, and a village called al-Faghwah. In all these villages are palm trees and cultivation. They are three stages from al-Suqyā, and their valley pours into al-Abwāʾ and into Waddān, which is a village among the mother villages. Al-Sitārah is a village adjoining Jabalah; their valley is one. They claim that Jabalah is the first village established in Tihāmah. In Jabalah are remarkable fortresses built of rock that no one can assault. Shamanṣīr is a rounded mountain that no one has ever climbed, and I do not know what is on its summit. At its top are monkeys. On its western side is a village, and opposite it a small mountain called Ḍaʿāḍiʿ. This village belongs to Saʿīd and Banū Surūḥ, among whom the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was raised. Hudhayl have a share in it, and also Fahm. On the right side of the road is the mountain of al-Abwāʾ, then Harshī, which is at the meeting point of Syria and the road to Madinah. Harshī is in level ground; it is a rounded hill on which Allah grows nothing. Below it, Waddān is two miles on the side of sunset to its right, between it and the sea. The pilgrims going up from Madinah cross it and descend from it when returning from Makkah. Adjoining it on the side of sunset to its right, between it and the sea, is a khabt. The khabt is sand in which nothing grows except arṭā, which is firewood. In the middle of the khabt is a small black mountain, very black, called Ṭufayl. Then near the mountains three valleys are cut off, in which grow arāk, markh, dawm—which is muql—and palm trees. Among them is a valley called Kulayyah, at the top of which are three small mountains separate from the main mountains. Below al-Juḥfah by a mile is the valley of Ghadīr Khumm, and its valley pours into the sea. Nothing grows there except markh, thumām, and arāk. Ghadīr Khumm never lacks water from rainwater, and there are people of Khuzāʿah and Kinānah there. Then al-Shurāh, which is a lofty, towering mountain that the solitary climber can reach; it produces nabʿ, shawḥaṭ, and qaraẓ. Then ʿUsfān, which is on the main road and belongs to Khuzāʿah in particular, then the sea, and the mountains leave you. Then Marr al-Ẓahrān. Marr is the village, and al-Ẓahrān is the valley. In Marr there are many springs and many palm trees. Then you head for Makkah descending from a desert called Jafjaf, and you descend into the boundary of Makkah in a valley called Wādī Turbah, which pours into the garden of Banū ʿĀmir. Around it, among the mountains, are al-Surāh, Yasūm, Farqad, the mine of al-Burm, and two mountains called Shawānān, one of them Shawān. All these lands belong to Ghāmid. In the mountains of al-Surāh are grapes and sugar cane. Among the mountains of Makkah Among the mountains of Makkah are Abū Qubays, al-Ṣafā, the Red Mountain, the Black Mountain, and an elevation called al-Haylāʾ, from which stones are cut for building and for millstones. Al-Marwah is a mountain inclining to redness. Thabīr is a lofty mountain opposite Ḥirāʾ, which is higher than Thabīr. At its top is a towering peak. There is no vegetation in the mountain of Makkah except some ḍahyāʾ in the Red Mountain, and there is no water in any of them. Then the mountains of ʿArafāt adjoin the mountains of al-Ṭāʾif, in which are many waters and trickles. Al-Akhshabān are two mountains at ʿArafāt, between which the people stand. Quʿayqiʿān is a village with many waters, cultivation, palm trees, and fruits; it is the Yemenite one. Al-Ṭāʾif has farms, palm trees, grapes, bananas, and all kinds of fruits. In it are flowing waters and valleys that descend from it to Tabālah, which is a village. The boundary of the Ḥijāz is from the mine of al-Nuqrah to Madinah; half of Madinah is Ḥijāzī and half is Tihāmī. Among the Ḥijāzī villages is Baṭn Nakhl. Opposite Nakhl is a mountain called al-Aswad, half of it Najdī and half Ḥijāzī. It is a black, lofty mountain. Then al-Ṭaraf, for one heading to Madinah, is bordered by three mountains. One of them is Ẓulm, a black, lofty mountain on which nothing grows. Al-Shawrān is a large, high mountain overlooking the dam. On the side of Madinah is a mountain called al-Ṣārī, and Uḥud, and a mountain opposite Shawrān called Sinn. There are great, towering mountains on which nothing grows, but from which millstones and rocks for building are cut and transported to Madinah and its surroundings. Opposite them is a small, not lofty mountain called Qunnat al-Ḥajar, and there is a valley there. Then you proceed upward toward Makkah and turn to a valley called ʿUrayfaṭān, in which there is no water or pasture. Opposite it is a mountain called Ablā, and in Ablā there are waters, among them the well of Maʿūnah. Opposite Ablā is a mountain called Dhū al-Mawqiʿah on its eastern side, and it is the mountain of the mine of Banū Sulaym, where there is much lapis lazuli. Opposite it on its right is a mountain called Aḥāmir, in which there is no water. And a mountain called Burathm, and a mountain called Tiʿār; they are two high mountains on which nothing grows, and in them are many leopards. Al-Kharib is a mountain between it and the qiblah, on which nothing grows. And a mountain called Aqzāḥ, lofty, high, and bare, on which nothing grows, with many leopards and wild goats. Then a mountain called Ṣafār, and a mountain called Shawāḥiṭ, and a mountain of Ṣufaynah called al-Sitār. At Ṣufaynah there are farms and many palm trees; the people of the Ḥijāz turn to it when they thirst. And a mountain called Hakrān, and a mountain called ʿUnn. Al-Wafqā is a mountain belonging to Banū Ṭāl. Opposite it is a mountain called Buss. Abū Manṣūr al-Azharī mentioned that Quʿayqiʿān is a place in Makkah where two clans of Quraysh fought, so it was called Quʿayqiʿān because of the clashing of weapons there. He said: Al-Suddī said: It was only called Quʿayqiʿān because in their war their bows, quivers, and shields were placed there, and they rattled and made noise. He said: Quʿayqiʿān is a mountain in al-Ahwāz, from which the columns of the mosque of al-Baṣrah were carved. Al-Suddī said: The mountain from behind which the sun rises is eighty farsakhs long. Qudāmah b. Jaʿfar al-Kātib mentioned and said: What is found in the first clime of mountains is nineteen mountains, among them the mountain of Sarandīb, whose length is two hundred and sixty-odd miles. The second clime contains twenty-seven mountains, among them the mountain of Kirmān, whose length is three hundred and thirty-odd miles. The third clime contains thirty-one mountains. The fourth clime contains twenty-four mountains, among them the mountain of snow at Damascus, whose length is three hundred and thirty miles, and the mountain of al-Lukām in that region, whose length is one hundred miles, and a mountain adjoining Ḥuwwān, whose length is one hundred and twenty-five miles. The fifth clime contains twenty-nine mountains. The sixth clime contains twenty-four mountains. Thus the total of known mountains is one hundred and ninety-eight mountains.
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