Tarikh (al-Tabari) 113
The story of Abraham the Friend (peace and blessings be upon him)
مُلَخَّصُ قِصَّةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْخَلِيلِ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ هُوَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ - سُبْحَانَهُ - إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ تَارِخَ بْنِ نَاحُورَ بْنِ سَارُوغَ بْنِ أَرْغُو بْنِ فَالَغَ بْنِ غَابِرِ بْنِ شَالَخَ بْنِ قَيْنَانَ بْنِ أَرْفَخْشَذَ بْنِ سَامِ بْنِ نُوحٍ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ. وُلِدَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فِي زَمَنِ النَّمْرُودِ بْنِ كَنْعَانَ وَكَانَ الْمُنَجِّمُونَ قَدْ أَخْبَرُوهُ أَنَّ ثَمَّةَ غُلَامًا سَيُولَدُ فِي سَنَةِ كَذَا وَكَذَا يُخَالِفُ دِينَكَ وَيَكْسِرُ آلِهَتَكَ الَّتِي تُعْبَدُ فَأَمَرَ بِقَتْلِ كُلِّ وَلَدٍ يُولَدُ مُنْذُ هَذَا التَّارِيخِ إِلَّا أَنَّ أُمَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ لَمْ يَكْشِفْ عَنْ حَمْلِهَا وَخَرَجَتْ بِهِ إِلَى مَغَارَةٍ وَوَلَدَتْهُ فِيهَا وَخَبَّأَتْ أَمْرَهُ إِلَى أَنْ شَبَّ قَلِيلًا، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ تَفَكَّرَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فِي الْخَلْقِ وَمَا عَلَيْهِ قَوْمُهُ وَقَالَ إِنَّهُ لَا بُدَّ لِهَذَا الْعَالَمِ مِنْ خَالِقٍ فَلَمَّا رَأَى الْكَوْكَبَ وَقَدْ أَفَلَ وَالْقَمَرَ الْبَازِغَ وَقَدْ أَفَلَ وَالشَّمْسَ بِضِيَائِهَا وَكَبُرَ حَجْمُهَا وَقَدْ أَفْلَتَ قَالَ لَا أُحِبُّ الْآفِلِينَ، وَعَلِمَ أَنَّ الْهُدَى مِنَ اللَّهِ سُبْحَانَهُ وَبَرِئَ مِنْ دِينِ قَوْمِهِ. وَكَانَ قَوْمُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مِنَ الصَّابِئَةِ يَعْبُدُونَ الْكَوَاكِبَ السَّيَّارَةَ وَكَانُوا يَتَوَصَّلُونَ إِلَيْهَا بِعِبَادَةِ الْأَصْنَامِ وَيَعْتَقِدُونَ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْكَوَاكِبَ هِيَ الَّتِي تُسَيِّرُ الْعَالَمَ. وَقَدْ كَانَ أَبُو إِبْرَاهِيمَ آزَرُ صَانِعًا لِلْأَصْنَامِ وَكَانَ يُعْطِيهَا لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ لِيَبِيعَهَا فَكَانَ يَسْخَرُ مِنْهَا وَيُدْنِيهَا إِلَى الْبَحْرِ، وَيَقُولُ لَهَا اشْرَبِي اسْتِهْزَاءً بِهَا وَقَدْ فَشَا خَبَرُهُ فِي النَّاسِ وَكَانَ قَدْ أَخْلَصَ النُّصْحَ لِأَبِيهِ أَلَّا يَتَّخِذَ الْأَصْنَامَ آلِهَةً فَهِيَ لَا تَنْفَعُ وَلَا تَضُرُّ. وَقَدْ نَاظَرَ قَوْمَهُ عَلَيْهَا وَأَقَامَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْحُجَّةَ بِأَنَّهَا لَا تَنْفَعُ وَلَا تَضُرُّ فَلَمَّا أَصَرُّوا وَعَانَدُوا، قَالَ لَأَكِيدَنَّ أَصْنَامَكُمْ وَاتَّفَقَ أَنْ كَانَ لَهُمْ يَوْمُ عِيدٍ يَخْرُجُونَ فِيهِ عَنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَمَعَابِدِهِمْ فَتَخَلَّفَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ مُتَحَجِّجًا بِالْمَرَضِ فَكَسَّرَ أَصْنَامَهُمْ جَمِيعًا إِلَّا أَكْبَرَ صَنَمٍ فِيهِمْ فَقَدْ وَضَعَ الْفَأْسَ مَعْصُوبَةً بِيَدَيْهِ فَلَمَّا رَجَعُوا وَرَأَوْا مَا حَلَّ بِآلِهَتِهِمْ وَسَأَلُوا مَنْ فَعَلَ هَذَا بِهَا قَالُوا الَّذِينَ كَانُوا قَدْ سَمِعُوا مَقَالَةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ لَأَكِيدَنَّ أَصْنَامَكُمْ بَعْدَ أَنْ تَوَلَّوْا مُدَبِّرِينَ إِنَّا سَمِعْنَا فَتًى يَذْكُرُهُمْ يُقَالُ لَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ فَلَمَّا أَتَوْا بِهِ وَسَأَلُوهُ عَنْ فِعْلِهِ قَالَ بَلْ فَعَلَهُ كَبِيرُهُمْ هَذَا إِمْعَانًا فِي إِقَامَةِ الْحُجَّةِ عَلَيْهِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يُبْصِرُونَ مَا هُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الضَّلَالِ وَزِيَادَةٌ فِي إِقَامَةِ الْحُجَّةِ عَلَيْهِمْ قَالَ فَاسْأَلُوهُمْ إِنْ كَانُوا يَنْطِقُونَ فَلَمَّا عَلِمُوا الْحَقَّ وَأَنَّهَا لَا تَنْفَعُ وَلَا تَضُرُّ وَأُقِيمَتِ الْحُجَّةُ نُكِسُوا عَلَى رُؤُوسِهِمْ وَرَكِبُوهَا وَعَانَدُوا وَتَبَجَّحُوا بِأَنْ طَلَبُوا نَصْرَ الْآلِهَةِ الَّتِي عَجَزَتْ عَنِ النُّطْقِ وَالدَّفْعِ عَنْ نَفْسِهَا. وَقَدْ أَجْمَعُوا أَمْرَهُمْ عَلَى حَرْقِهِ بِالنَّارِ وَجَمَعُوا لَهُ الْحَطَبَ وَأَخَذُوا أُهْبَتَهُمْ عَلَى فِعْلَتِهِمْ وَأَرَادُوا بِهِ كَيْدًا فَجَعَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ الْأَخْسَرِينَ، فَلَمَّا جِيءَ بِإِبْرَاهِيمَ وَأُلْقِيَ فِي النَّارِ قَالُوا إِنَّ كُلَّ الْكَائِنَاتِ طَلَبَتِ الدَّفْعَ وَالذَّبَّ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِلَّا الْوَزَغَ، فَقَدْ كَانَ يَنْفُخُ فِي النَّارِ، وَقَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ إِنْ جَعَلَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ حَاجَتَهُ لَكُمْ فَأَجِيبُوهُ، وَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ جِبْرِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فِيمَا قِيلَ وَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ حَاجَةٌ فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا كَانَ إِلَيْكَ فَلَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ حَسْبِيَ اللَّهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ، وَهُنَا صَدَرَ الْأَمْرُ مِنَ الرَّبِّ الْجَلِيلِ أَنْ يَا نَارُ كُونِي بَرْدًا وَسَلَامًا عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَظَلَّ فِيهَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ مُنَعَّمًا لَا يَمَسُّهُ السُّوءُ يَأْتِيهِ رِزْقُهُ أَيَّامًا حَتَّى خَبَتِ النَّارُ وَخَرَجَ وَلَمْ يُمَسَّ بِسُوءٍ وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ. وَكَفَّ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ النَّمْرُودَ وَآمَنَ مَعَهُ عَدَدٌ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، مِنْهُمُ ابْنُ أَخِيهِ لُوطٌ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، وَقَدْ قِيلَ إِنَّ النَّمْرُودَ نَاظَرَهُ الْمُنَاظَرَةَ الَّتِي جَاءَ ذِكْرُهَا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ حِينَمَا خَرَجَ مِنَ النَّارِ وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ يَلْتَقِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ فَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّيَ الَّذِي يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ فَزَعَمَ الطَّاغُوتُ أَنَّهُ يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ فَقَالَ لَمْ يُجَادِلْهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ فِي هَذِهِ الْإِجَابَةِ الْفَاسِدَةِ وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْتِي بِالشَّمْسِ مِنَ الْمَشْرِقِ فَأْتِ بِهَا مِنَ الْمَغْرِبِ فَبُهِتَ حِينَئِذٍ، وَعَزَمَ عَلَى الْبَحْثِ عَنْ إِلَهِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فَصَنَعَ صَرْحًا لِيَطَّلِعَ عَلَيْهِ بِعَقْلِهِ السَّقِيمِ لِيَرَى رَبَّ الْعَالَمِينَ، وَقِيلَ إِنَّهُ طَارَ فِي السَّمَاءِ مِنْ خِلَالِ تَابُوتٍ تَحْمِلُهُ النُّسُورُ وَارْتَفَعَ حَتَّى رَأَى الْأَرْضَ وَوَقَعَ فِي ظُلْمَةِ الْفَلَكِ. هَذَا وَقَدْ فَارَقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ قَوْمَهُ وَخَرَجَ مُهَاجِرًا إِلَى اللَّهِ سُبْحَانَهُ فِي أَرْضِهِ الْوَاسِعَةِ هُوَ وَزَوْجَتُهُ وَابْنُ أَخِيهِ لُوطٌ وَبَعْضُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَعَهُ وَذَهَبَ إِلَى حَرَّانَ ثُمَّ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ وَقَدْ وَقَعَ جُوعٌ وَقَحْطٌ فِيهَا فَخَرَجَ إِلَى مِصْرَ وَفِيهَا أَرَادَ جَبَّارُهَا أَنْ يَتَنَاوَلَ سَارَةَ زَوْجَةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ وَلَمَّا سُئِلَ عَنْهَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ قَالَ هِيَ أُخْتِي فَلَمَّا ذَهَبُوا بِهَا إِلَى هَذَا الْجَبَّارِ وَأَرَادَ بِهَا سُوءًا دَعَتِ اللَّهَ سُبْحَانَهُ فَأُخِذَ ثُمَّ طَلَبَ الْعَفْوَ فَأُرْسِلَ ثُمَّ لَمَّا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَعُودَ أُخِذَ حَتَّى تَرَكَهَا وَقَالَ إِنَّمَا جِئْتُونِي بِشَيْطَانَةٍ وَأَخْدَمَهَا هَاجَرَ، فَرَجَعَتْ إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ سَالِمَةً غَانِمَةً لَا بَأْسَ عَلَيْهَا فَضْلٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَنِعْمَةٌ. ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ مِنْ مِصْرَ قَافِلًا إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ وَهُنَاكَ بَعْدَ عَشْرِ سِنِينَ وَهَبَتْ سَارَةُ لَهُ هَاجَرَ فَحَمِلَتْ مِنْهُ بِإِسْمَاعِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ثُمَّ بُشِّرَ بَعْدَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ بِنَبِيِّ اللَّهِ إِسْحَاقَ مِنْ سَارَةَ، إِلَّا أَنَّ سَارَةَ قَدْ وَقَعَ فِي نَفْسِهَا الْغَيْرَةُ مِنْ هَاجَرَ بَعْدَ حَمْلِهَا بِإِسْمَاعِيلَ فَطَلَبَتْ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا أَنْ يُغَيِّبَ هَاجَرَ عَنْهَا فَخَرَجَ بِهَا إِلَى فَارَانَ حَيْثُ مَكَّةَ بِأَمْرٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ سُبْحَانَهُ، فِي وَادٍ غَيْرِ ذِي زَرْعٍ وَقَدْ كَانَ مِنْ شَأْنِهِمْ مَا قَصَّهُ الْقُرْآنُ، وَقَدْ فَتَحَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ زَمْزَمَ بَعْدَ جُهْدٍ جَهِيدٍ اخْتَبَرَ فِيهِ صَبْرَ هَاجَرَ وَثِقَتَهَا بِاللَّهِ وَشَبَّ إِسْمَاعِيلُ فَتًى وَقَدْ نَزَلَتْ إِلَى جِوَارِهَا بِإِذْنِهَا قَبِيلَةُ جُرْهُمٍ وَمِنْهُمْ تَزَوَّجَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ السَّعْيَ مَعَ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ جَاءَهُ الْوَحْيُ مَنَامًا أَنْ يَذْبَحَ وَلَدَهُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ فِي الذَّبِيحِ هَلْ هُوَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ أَمْ إِبْرَاهِيمُ، وَقَدْ رَجَّحَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ أَنَّ الذَّبِيحَ هُوَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ وَقَدْ فَدَاهُ اللَّهُ بِذِبْحٍ عَظِيمٍ، وَقَدْ بُشِّرَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ بِإِسْحَاقَ وَمِنْ وَرَاءِ إِسْحَاقَ يَعْقُوبُ نَبِيًّا مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ الْأَمْرُ مِنَ اللَّهِ سُبْحَانَهُ لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ وَوَلَدِهِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بِرَفْعِ قَوَاعِدِ بَيْتِ اللَّهِ الْحَرَامِ وَالَّذِي كَانَ قَدْ أَخْفَى مَعَالِمَهُ الطُّوفَانُ، فَقَامَا بِهِ أَفْضَلَ قِيَامٍ عَلَى مَا وَصَفَتْ لَهُ مَلَائِكَةُ الرَّحْمَنِ وَنَزَلَ جِبْرِيلُ فَعَلَّمَهُ مَنَاسِكَ الْحَجِّ وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُؤَذِّنَ فِي النَّاسِ يَأْتُونَهُ عَلَى كُلِّ ضَامِرٍ وَمِنْ كُلِّ فَجٍّ عَمِيقٍ. وَقَدْ تَوَفَّى اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قِيلَ وَقَدْ بَلَغَ مِنَ الْعُمْرِ مِائَتَيْ عَامٍ وَكَانَ قَدِ اخْتَتَنَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ ثَمَانِينَ، وَقِيلَ مِائَةً وَعِشْرِينَ بِالْقَدُومِ، وَقِيلَ هِيَ الْآلَةُ، وَقِيلَ اسْمُ قَرْيَةٍ. وَلَمْ يَمُتْ حَتَّى اتَّخَذَهُ اللَّهُ خَلِيلًا وَأَرَاهُ كَيْفَ يُحْيِي الْمَوْتَى فِي قِصَّةِ الطَّيْرِ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ أُولِي الْعَزْمِ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ الْخَمْسَةِ وَأَبُو الرُّسُلِ وَالْأَنْبِيَاءِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ.
Translation
✧ Summary of the story of Ibrāhīm al-Khalīl (peace and blessings be upon him) He is the Prophet of Allah—glorified be He—Ibrāhīm b. Tārikh b. Nāḥūr b. Sārūgh b. Arghū b. Fāligh b. Ghābir b. Shālakh b. Qaynān b. Arfakhshadh b. Sām b. Nūḥ (peace be upon them both). He ﷺ was born in the time of al-Namrūd b. Kanʿān. The astrologers had informed him that a boy would be born in such-and-such a year who would oppose his religion and break the idols that were worshipped. So he ordered the killing of every child born from that date onward. However, the mother of Ibrāhīm ﷺ did not disclose her pregnancy; she went out with him to a cave and gave birth to him there, and she concealed his matter until he had grown a little. When he came out after that, he ﷺ reflected on creation and on what his people were upon. He said that this world must have a creator. When he saw the star after it had set, and the rising moon after it had set, and the sun with its light and great size after it had set, he said, "I do not love those that set." He knew that guidance is from Allah, glorified be He, and he disassociated himself from the religion of his people. The people of Ibrāhīm were among the Sabians: they worshipped the wandering stars, and they approached them through the worship of idols, believing that these stars were what directed the world. The father of Ibrāhīm, Āzar, was a maker of idols, and he used to give them to Ibrāhīm ﷺ to sell. Ibrāhīm used to mock them and bring them near the sea, saying to them, "Drink," in mockery of them. His affair spread among the people. He had given sincere counsel to his father not to take idols as gods, for they neither benefit nor harm. He debated his people about them and established the proof against them that they neither benefit nor harm. When they persisted and were obstinate, he said, "I will surely plot against your idols." It happened that they had a festival day on which they went out from their dwellings and temples. Ibrāhīm stayed behind, pretending illness, and he smashed all their idols except the largest of them; he placed the axe bound to its hands. When they returned and saw what had befallen their gods, they asked who had done this to them. Those who had heard the statement of Ibrāhīm ﷺ —"I will surely plot against your idols after you have turned away"—said, "We heard a young man mentioning them, called Ibrāhīm." When they brought him and asked him about his deed, he said, "Rather, their largest one did it," to press the proof against them, that perhaps they might perceive the misguidance they were upon, and to further establish the proof against them. He said, "Ask them, if they can speak." When they knew the truth, that they neither benefit nor harm, and the proof was established, they were turned on their heads and persisted in obstinacy, boasting by seeking the aid of gods that were incapable of speaking or defending themselves. They resolved their affair upon burning him with fire. They gathered firewood for him and prepared themselves for their deed. They intended a plot against him, but Allah, glorified be He, made them the greatest losers. When Ibrāhīm was brought and cast into the fire, they said that all creatures sought to defend and protect Ibrāhīm except the gecko, for it was blowing on the fire. Allah said to them: if Ibrāhīm makes his need to you, then answer him. He sent Jibrīl ﷺ to him, as it is said, and he said, "Do you have a need?" He replied, "As for you, no." Then he said, "Allah is sufficient for me, and He is the best disposer of affairs." Here the command came from the Glorious Lord: "O fire, be coolness and peace upon Ibrāhīm." Ibrāhīm remained in it, enjoying ease, no harm touching him; his provision came to him for days until the fire subsided, and he came out unharmed—praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds. Allah restrained al-Namrūd from him, and a number of his people believed with him, among them his nephew Lūṭ ﷺ. It is said that al-Namrūd debated with him the debate mentioned in the Book of Allah when he came out of the fire. It was the first time he met Ibrāhīm, and he asked him about the Lord of the worlds. Ibrāhīm said, "My Lord is the One who gives life and causes death." The tyrant claimed that he gives life and causes death. Ibrāhīm did not argue with him on this corrupt answer; rather he said, "Indeed, Allah brings the sun from the east, so bring it from the west." Then he was confounded. He resolved to search for the God of Ibrāhīm, so he built a lofty structure to ascend upon it with his sick mind to see the Lord of the worlds. It is said that he flew into the sky by means of a chest carried by vultures, and he rose until he saw the earth and fell into the darkness of the celestial sphere. Then Ibrāhīm parted from his people and went out as an emigrant to Allah, glorified be He, in His spacious land—he and his wife and his nephew Lūṭ and some of the believers with him. He went to Ḥarrān, then to Jerusalem. A famine and drought occurred there, so he went to Egypt. There its tyrant wanted to take Sārah, the wife of Ibrāhīm ﷺ. When Ibrāhīm ﷺ was asked about her, he said, "She is my sister." When they took her to this tyrant and he intended evil with her, she called upon Allah, glorified be He, and he was seized. Then he sought pardon and was released. Then when he wanted to return, he was seized again until he left her and said, "You have brought me a she-devil." He gave her Hājar as a servant. So she returned to Ibrāhīm ﷺ safe and enriched, no harm upon her—a bounty from Allah and a blessing. Then Ibrāhīm ﷺ departed from Egypt, heading back to Jerusalem. There, after ten years, Sārah gave Hājar to him, and she conceived from him Ismāʿīl ﷺ. Then, after Ismāʿīl ﷺ, he was given glad tidings of the Prophet of Allah Isḥāq from Sārah. However, Sārah felt jealousy of Hājar after her pregnancy with Ismāʿīl, and she asked her husband to remove Hājar from her presence. So he took her to Fārān, where Makkah is, by the command of Allah, glorified be He, in a valley without cultivation. Their affair was as the Qur'an has narrated. Allah, glorified be He, opened Zamzam for them after great effort in which the patience of Hājar and her trust in Allah were tested. Ismāʿīl grew up as a young man. With her permission, the tribe of Jurhum settled near her, and from them Ismāʿīl ﷺ later married. When Ismāʿīl reached the age of striving with his father (peace be upon them both), revelation came to him in a dream that he should sacrifice his son Ismāʿīl. Some scholars differed over whether the sacrificial son was Ismāʿīl or Isḥāq. Most of them held that the sacrificial son was Ismāʿīl, and Allah ransomed him with a great sacrifice. Ibrāhīm ﷺ was given glad tidings of Isḥāq and, beyond Isḥāq, Yaʿqūb, a prophet among the righteous. Then the command came from Allah, glorified be He, to Ibrāhīm and his son Ismāʿīl to raise the foundations of the Sacred House of Allah, whose landmarks the flood had concealed. They carried this out in the best manner, as the angels of the Most Merciful described to him. Jibrīl descended and taught him the rites of pilgrimage, and commanded him to proclaim among the people that they should come to it on every lean camel and from every deep ravine. Allah, glorified be He, took Ibrāhīm in death. It is said he reached the age of two hundred years. He had been circumcised when he was eighty years old, with the qaddūm—it is said that it is the tool, and it is said that it is the name of a village. He did not die until Allah had taken him as a close friend and shown him how He gives life to the dead in the story of the birds. He is one of the five messengers of firm resolve, and the father of the messengers and prophets after him.
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