Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1123
The Expedition of Uḥud
[ ما كان من عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ بَعْدَ أحد ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ، وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيِّ ابْنِ سَلُولَ، كَمَا حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ، لَهُ مَقَامٌ يَقُومُهُ كُلَّ جُمُعَةٍ لَا يُنْكَرُ، شَرَفًا لَهُ فِي نَفْسِهِ وَفِي قَوْمِهِ، وَكَانَ فِيهِمْ شَرِيفًا، إذَا جَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَهُوَ يَخْطُبُ النَّاسَ، قَامَ فَقَالَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، هَذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِكُمْ، أَكْرَمَكُمْ اللَّهُ وَأَعَزَّكُمْ بِهِ، فَانْصُرُوهُ وَعَزِّرُوهُ، وَاسْمَعُوا لَهُ وَأَطِيعُوا، ثُمَّ يَجْلِسُ حَتَّى إذَا صَنَعَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ مَا صَنَعَ، وَرَجَعَ بِالنَّاسِ، قَامَ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ كَمَا كَانَ يَفْعَلُهُ، فَأَخَذَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِثِيَابِهِ مِنْ نَوَاحِيهِ، وَقَالُوا: اجْلِسْ، أَيْ عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ، لَسْتُ لِذَلِكَ بِأَهْلِ، وَقَدْ صَنَعْتَ مَا صَنَعْتَ، فَخَرَجَ يَتَخَطَّى رِقَابَ النَّاسِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: وَاَللَّهِ لَكَأَنَّمَا قُلْتُ بَجْرًا أَنْ قُمْتُ أُشَدِّدُ أَمْرَهُ. فَلَقِيَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ بِبَابِ الْمَسْجِدِ، فَقَالَ: مَا لَكَ ؟ وَيْلَكَ قَالَ: قُمْتُ أُشَدِّدُ أَمْرَهُ، فَوَثَبَ عَلَيَّ رِجَالٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ يَجْذِبُونَنِي وَيُعَنِّفُونَنِي، لَكَأَنَّمَا قُلْتُ بَجْرًا أَنْ قُمْتُ أُشَدِّدُ أَمْرَهُ. قَالَ: وَيْلَكَ ارْجِعْ يَسْتَغْفِرْ لَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَالَ: وَاَللَّهِ مَا أَبْتَغِي أَنْ يَسْتَغْفِرَ لِي ذِكْرُ إِظْهَارِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَالْيَهُودِ الشَّمَاتَةَ وَالسُّرُورَ بِمَا حَصَلَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَلَمَّا حَصَلَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابِهِ مَا حَصَلَ جَعَلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ ابْنُ سَلُولَ وَالْمُنَافِقُونَ يَشْمَتُونَ وَيُسَرُّونَ بِمَا أَصَابَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَيُظْهِرُونَ أَقْبَحَ الْقَوْلِ ، فَيَقُولُ ابْنُ أُبَيٍّ لِابْنَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ جَرِيحٌ قَدْ بَاتَ يَكْوِي الْجِرَاحَةَ بِالنَّارِ: مَا كَانَ خُرُوجُكِ مَعَهُ إِلَى هَذَا الْوَجْهِ بِرَأْيٍ، عَصَانِي مُحَمَّدٌ وَأَطَاعَ الْوِلْدَانَ، وَاللَّهِ لَكَأَنِّي كُنْتُ أَنْظُرُ إِلَى هَذَا. فَقَالَ ابْنُهُ: الَّذِي صَنَعَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِرَسُولِهِ وَلِلْمُسْلِمِينَ خَيْرٌ. وَأَظْهَرَ الْيَهُودُ الْقَوْلَ السَّيِّئَ، فَقَالُوا: مَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا طَالِبُ مُلْكٍ، مَا أُصِيبَ هَكَذَا نَبِيٌّ قَطُّ، أُصِيبَ فِي بَدَنِهِ، وَأُصِيبَ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ. وَجَعَلَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ يُخَذِّلُونَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَصْحَابَهُ، وَيَأْمُرُونَهُمْ بِالتَّفَرُّقِ عَنْهُ وَيَقُولُونَ: لَوْ كَانَ مَنْ قُتِلَ مِنْكُمْ عِنْدَنَا مَا قُتِلَ. وَسَمِعَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ ذَلِكَ فِي أَمَاكِنَ، فَمَشَى إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، لِيَسْتَأْذِنَهُ فِي قَتْلِ مَنْ سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ، مِنَ الْيَهُودِ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ، فَقَالَ ﷺ: «يَا عُمَرُ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى مُظْهِرٌ دِينَهُ، وَمُعِزٌّ نَبِيَّهُ، وَلِلْيَهُودِ ذِمَّةٌ فَلَا أَقْتُلُهُمْ »، قَالَ: فَهَؤُلَاءِ الْمُنَافِقُونَ ؟ قَالَ: «أَلَيْسَ يُظْهِرُونَ شَهَادَةَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ؟ » قَالَ: بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَإِنَّمَا يَفْعَلُونَ ذَلِكَ تَعَوُّذًا مِنَ السَّيْفِ، فَقَدْ بَانَ لَنَا أَمْرُهُمْ، وَأَبْدَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَضْغَانَهُمْ عِنْدَ هَذِهِ النَّكْبَةِ، فَقَالَ: «إِنِّي نُهِيتُ عَنْ قَتْلِ مَنْ قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ، يَا بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ إِنَّ قُرَيْشًا لَنْ يَنَالُوا مِنَّا مِثْلَ هَذَا الْيَوْمِ، حَتَّى نَسْتَلِمَ الرُّكْنَ ».
Translation
✧ [What ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy did after Uḥud] Ibn Isḥāq said: When the Messenger of God ﷺ arrived in Madinah, ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy b. Salūl — as Ibn Shihāb al-Zuhrī related to me — had a standing-place where he would stand every Friday without being disapproved of, out of esteem for him in his own eyes and among his people, for he was a noble among them. When the Messenger of God ﷺ sat on Friday while he was addressing the people, he would stand and say: “O people, this is the Messenger of God ﷺ among you; God has honored you and strengthened you through him, so aid him, honor him, listen to him, and obey him.” Then he would sit. But after what he did on the day of Uḥud and returned with the people, he stood to do that as he used to do, and the Muslims seized his clothes from all sides and said: “Sit, O enemy of God; you are not worthy of that, after what you have done.” He went out, stepping over the people’s necks, saying: “By God, it is as if I had uttered a monstrous thing by standing to strengthen his cause.” A man of the Anṣār met him at the door of the mosque and said: “What is the matter with you? Woe to you!” He said: “I stood to strengthen his cause, and men of his companions leaped upon me, pulling me and rebuking me, as if I had uttered a monstrous thing by standing to strengthen his cause.” He said: “Woe to you, go back and let the Messenger of God ﷺ ask forgiveness for you.” He said: “By God, I do not seek that he ask forgiveness for me.” Mention of the open gloating of the hypocrites and the Jews, and their joy at what befell the Muslims. When what befell the Messenger of God ﷺ and his companions had happened, ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy b. Salūl and the hypocrites began to gloat and rejoice at what had struck the Muslims, and to utter the ugliest speech. Ibn Ubayy said to the daughter of ʿAbd Allāh, while he was wounded and had spent the night cauterizing the wound with fire: “Your going out with him to this direction was not sound judgment. Muḥammad disobeyed me and obeyed the boys. By God, it is as if I could see this coming.” His son said: “What God Almighty did for His Messenger and the Muslims is better.” The Jews displayed evil speech, saying: “Muḥammad is nothing but a seeker of kingship. No prophet has ever been struck in this way — struck in his body and struck in his companions.” The hypocrites began to discourage the companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ from him, urging them to separate from him, and saying: “If those of you who were killed had been with us, they would not have been killed.” ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ heard that in several places, so he went to the Messenger of God ﷺ to ask his permission to kill those of the Jews and hypocrites from whom he had heard that. He ﷺ said: “O ʿUmar, God Almighty will make His religion prevail and strengthen His Prophet. The Jews have a covenant, so I will not kill them.” He said: “And these hypocrites?” He said: “Do they not openly profess the testimony that there is no god but God and that I am the Messenger of God?” He said: “Yes, O Messenger of God, but they only do that as a protection from the sword. Their affair has become clear to us, and God Almighty has exposed their rancor at this disaster.” He said: “I have been forbidden to kill anyone who says: There is no god but God and that Muḥammad is the Messenger of God. O Ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, Quraysh will not attain from us the like of this day until we touch the corner.”
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