Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1106
The Expedition of Uḥud
[ حُزْنُ الرَّسُولِ عَلَى حَمْزَةَ وَتَوَعُّدُهُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ بِالْمُثْلَةِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي، يَلْتَمِسُ حَمْزَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، فَوَجَدَهُ بِبَطْنِ الْوَادِي قَدْ بُقِرَ بَطْنُهُ عَنْ كَبِدِهِ، وَمُثِّلَ بِهِ، فَجُدِعَ أَنْفُهُ وَأُذُنَاهُ. فَحَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ حِينَ رَأَى مَا رَأَى: لَوْلَا أَنْ تَحْزَنَ صَفِيَّةُ، وَيَكُونُ سُنَّةً مِنْ بَعْدِي لَتَرَكْتُهُ، حَتَّى يَكُونَ فِي بِطُونِ السِّبَاعِ، وَحَوَاصِلِ الطَّيْرِ، وَلَئِنْ أَظْهَرنِي اللَّهُ عَلَى قُرَيْشٍ فِي مَوْطِنٍ مِنْ الْمَوَاطِنِ لَأُمَثِّلَنَّ بِثَلَاثِينَ رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ. فَلَمَّا رَأَى الْمُسْلِمُونَ حُزْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَغَيْظَهُ عَلَى مَنْ فَعَلَ بِعَمِّهِ مَا فَعَلَ، قَالُوا: وَاَللَّهِ لَئِنْ أَظْفَرَنَا اللَّهُ بِهِمْ يَوْمًا مِنْ الدَّهْرِ لَنُمَثِّلَنَّ بِهِمْ مُثْلَةً لَمْ يُمَثِّلْهَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ الْعَرَبِ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَلَمَّا وَقَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى حَمْزَةَ قَالَ: لَنْ أُصَابَ بِمِثْلِكَ أَبَدًا مَا وَقَفْتُ مَوْقِفًا قَطُّ أَغْيَظَ إلَيَّ مِنْ هَذَا ثُمَّ قَالَ: جَاءَنِي جِبْرِيلُ فَأَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّ حَمْزَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ مَكْتُوبٌ فِي أَهْلِ السَّمَوَاتِ السَّبْعِ: حَمْزَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، أَسَدُ اللَّهِ، وَأَسَدُ رَسُولِهِ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَحَمْزَةُ وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْأَسَدِ، إخْوَةٌ مِنْ الرَّضَاعَةِ، أَرْضَعَتْهُمْ مَوْلَاةٌ لِأَبِي لَهَبٍ. [ مَا نَزَلَ فِي النَّهْيِ عَنْ الْمُثْلَةِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي بُرَيْدَةُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ فَرْوَةَ الْأَسْلَمِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيُّ، وَحَدَّثَنِي مَنْ لَا أَتَّهِمُ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنْزَلَ فِي ذَلِكَ، مِنْ قَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَوْلِ أَصْحَابِهِ: وَإِنْ عَاقَبْتُمْ فَعَاقِبُوا بِمِثْلِ مَا عُوقِبْتُمْ بِهِ وَلَئِنْ صَبَرْتُمْ لَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لِلصَّابِرِينَ وَاصْبِرْ وَمَا صَبْرُكَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ وَلَا تَحْزَنْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا تَكُ فِي ضَيْقٍ مِمَّا يَمْكُرُونَ فَعَفَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَصَبَرَ وَنَهَى عَنْ الْمُثْلَةِ قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي حُمَيْدُ الطَّوِيلُ، عَنْ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ، قَالَ: مَا قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي مَقَامٍ قَطُّ فَفَارَقَهُ، حَتَّى يَأْمُرَنَا بِالصَّدَقَةِ، وَيَنْهَانَا عَنْ الْمُثْلَةِ [ صَفِيَّةُ وَحُزْنُهَا عَلَى حَمْزَةَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَقَدْ أَقْبَلَتْ فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي، صَفِيَّةُ بِنْتُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ لِتَنْظُرَ إلَيْهِ، وَكَانَ أَخَاهَا لِأَبِيهَا وَأُمِّهَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِابْنِهَا الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ: الْقَهَا فَأَرْجِعْهَا، لَا تَرَى مَا بِأَخِيهَا؛ فَقَالَ لَهَا: يَا أُمَّهُ، إنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُكَ أَنْ تَرْجِعِي، قَالَتْ: وَلِمَ ؟ وَقَدْ بَلَغَنِي أَنْ قَدْ مُثِّلَ بِأَخِي، وَذَلِكَ فِي اللَّهِ، فَمَا أَرْضَانَا بِمَا كَانَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ لَأَحْتَسِبَنَّ وَلَأَصْبِرَنَّ إنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ. فَلَمَّا جَاءَ الزُّبَيْرُ إلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِذَلِكَ؛ قَالَ: خَلِّ سَبِيلَهَا، فَأَتَتْهُ، فَنَظَرَتْ إلَيْهِ، فَصَلَّتْ عَلَيْهِ، وَاسْتَرْجَعَتْ، وَاسْتَغْفَرَتْ لَهُ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَدُفِنَ وعن أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ أُحُدٍ أَقْبَلَتِ امْرَأَةٌ تَسْعَى، حَتَّى إِذَا كَادَتْ أَنْ تُشْرِفَ عَلَى الْقَتْلَى. قَالَ: فَكَرِهَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ تَرَاهُمْ، فَقَالَ: " الْمَرْأَةَ الْمَرْأَةَ ". قَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ: فَتَوَسَّمْتُ أَنَّهَا أُمِّي صَفِيَّةُ، قَالَ: فَخَرَجْتُ أَسْعَى إِلَيْهَا، فَأَدْرَكْتُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْتَهِيَ إِلَى الْقَتْلَى. قَالَ: فَلَدَمَتْ فِي صَدْرِي، وَكَانَتِ امْرَأَةً جَلْدَةً، قَالَتْ: إِلَيْكَ، لَا أَرْضَ لَكَ. قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَزَمَ عَلَيْكِ. قَالَ: فَوَقَفَتْ، وَأَخْرَجَتْ ثَوْبَيْنِ مَعَهَا، فَقَالَتْ: هَذَانِ ثَوْبَانِ جِئْتُ بِهِمَا لِأَخِي حَمْزَةَ، فَقَدْ بَلَغَنِي مَقْتَلُهُ، فَكَفِّنُوهُ فِيهِمَا. قَالَ: فَجِئْنَا بِالثَّوْبَيْنِ لِنُكَفِّنَ فِيهِمَا حَمْزَةَ، فَإِذَا إِلَى جَنْبِهِ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ قَتِيلٌ، قَدْ فُعِلَ بِهِ كَمَا فُعِلَ بِحَمْزَةَ. قَالَ: فَوَجَدْنَا غَضَاضَةً وَحَيَاءً أَنْ نُكَفِّنَ حَمْزَةَ فِي ثَوْبَيْنِ وَالْأَنْصَارِيُّ لَا كَفَنَ لَهُ، فَقُلْنَا: لِحَمْزَةَ ثَوْبٌ وَلِلْأَنْصَارِيِّ ثَوْبٌ. فَقَدَّرْنَاهُمَا فَكَانَ أَحَدُهُمَا أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْآخَرِ، فَأَقْرَعْنَا بَيْنَهُمَا، فَكَفَّنَّا كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا فِي الثَّوْبِ الَّذِي طَارَ لَهُ. وَرَوَى الْحَاكِمُ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ؓ قَالَ: فَقَدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَمْزَةَ حِينَ فَاءَ النَّاسُ مِنَ الْقِتَالِ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: رَأَيْتُهُ عِنْدَ تِلْكَ الصَّخْرَاتِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: أَنَا أَسَدُ اللَّهِ وَأَسَدُ رَسُولِهِ، اللَّهُمَّ أَبْرَأُ إِلَيْكَ مِمَّا جَاءَ بِهِ هَؤُلَاءِ - يَعْنِي أَبَا سُفْيَانَ وَأَصْحَابَهُ - وَأَعْتَذِرُ إِلَيْكَ مِمَّا صَنَعَ هَؤُلَاءِ بِانْهِزَامِهِمْ. فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَحْوَهُ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى جُثَّتَهُ بَكَى. وَلَمَّا رَأَى مَا مُثِّلَ بِهِ شَهِقَ ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَلَا كَفَنٌ ؟ » فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَرَمَى بِثَوْبِهِ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَامَ آخَرُ فَرَمَى بِثَوْبِهِ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: «يَا جَابِرُ هَذَا الثَّوْبُ لِأَبِيكَ وَهَذَا لِعَمِّي »، وَقَالَ ﷺ: «رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكَ، فَإِنَّكَ كُنْتَ كَمَا عَلِمْتُكَ، فَعُولًا لِلْخَيْرَاتِ، وَصُولًا لِلرَّحِمِ، لَوْلَا أَنْ تَحْزَنَ صَفِيَّةُ - وَفِي لَفْظٍ: نِسَاؤُنَا، وَفِي لَفْظٍ: لَوْلَا حُزْنُ مَنْ بَعْدِي عَلَيْكَ، وَتَكُونَ سُبَّةً مِنْ بَعْدِي - لَتَرَكْتُهُ، حَتَّى يُحْشَرَ مِنْ بُطُونِ السِّبَاعِ وَحَوَاصِلِ الطَّيْرِ »
Translation
✧ [The grief of the Messenger for Hamza and his threat to the polytheists with mutilation] Ibn Isḥāq said: The Messenger of God ﷺ went out, as it has reached me, looking for Ḥamza b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib. He found him in the belly of the valley, his belly having been slit open to his liver, and he had been mutilated: his nose and ears had been cut off. Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar b. al-Zubayr related to me that the Messenger of God ﷺ said, when he saw what he saw: "Were it not that Ṣafiyya would grieve, and that it would become a sunna after me, I would have left him so that he would be in the bellies of beasts and the crops of birds. And if God grants me victory over Quraysh in any place, I will mutilate thirty men of them." When the Muslims saw the grief of the Messenger of God ﷺ and his anger at those who did to his uncle what they did, they said: "By God, if God ever gives us power over them one day, we will mutilate them with a mutilation no Arab has ever done." Ibn Hishām said: When the Messenger of God ﷺ stood over Ḥamza, he said: "I will never be afflicted with one like you. I have never stood in a place more grievous to me than this." Then he said: "Gabriel came to me and informed me that Ḥamza b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib is written among the inhabitants of the seven heavens: Ḥamza b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, the lion of God and the lion of His Messenger." The Messenger of God ﷺ, Ḥamza, and Abū Salama b. ʿAbd al-Asad were foster brothers; a freedwoman of Abū Lahab had suckled them. [What was revealed about the prohibition of mutilation] Ibn Isḥāq said: Burayda b. Sufyān b. Farwa al-Aslamī related to me, from Muḥammad b. Kaʿb al-Quraẓī, and one whom I do not suspect related to me, from Ibn ʿAbbās: that God, Mighty and Majestic, revealed concerning that, from the saying of the Messenger of God ﷺ and the saying of his companions: "And if you punish, then punish with the like of what you were afflicted with. But if you are patient, it is better for those who are patient. And be patient, and your patience is only through God. And do not grieve over them, and do not be in distress because of what they plot." (Q 16:126–127). So the Messenger of God ﷺ pardoned, was patient, and forbade mutilation. Ibn Isḥāq said: Ḥumayd al-Ṭawīl related to me, from al-Ḥasan, from Samura b. Jundub, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ never stood in a place and then left it without commanding us to give charity and forbidding us from mutilation. [Ṣafiyya and her grief for Ḥamza] Ibn Isḥāq said: Ṣafiyya bt. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib came, as it has reached me, to look at him, and he was her full brother. The Messenger of God ﷺ said to her son al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām: "Meet her and turn her back, so that she does not see what has befallen her brother." He said to her: "O mother, the Messenger of God ﷺ commands you to return." She said: "Why? I have heard that my brother has been mutilated, and that was in the cause of God. How pleased we are with what happened. I will surely seek reward and be patient, if God wills." When al-Zubayr came to the Messenger of God ﷺ and told him that, he said: "Let her go." So she came to him, looked at him, prayed for him, said "we belong to God and to Him we return," and sought forgiveness for him. Then the Messenger of God ﷺ commanded that he be buried. From Abū al-Zubayr: On the day of Uḥud, a woman came hastening, until she was about to look over the slain. He said: The Prophet ﷺ disliked that she should see them, and said: "The woman, the woman." Al-Zubayr said: I discerned that she was my mother Ṣafiyya. He said: I went out hastening to her and reached her before she arrived at the slain. He said: She struck me in the chest, and she was a sturdy woman. She said: "Away with you, may you have no land." He said: I said: "The Messenger of God ﷺ has resolved against you." He said: She stopped, took out two garments she had with her, and said: "These are two garments I brought for my brother Ḥamza, for I have heard of his death; shroud him in them." He said: We brought the two garments to shroud Ḥamza in them, and there beside him was a man of the Anṣār slain, who had been done to as was done to Ḥamza. He said: We felt embarrassment and shame to shroud Ḥamza in two garments while the Anṣārī had no shroud. We said: "For Ḥamza one garment, and for the Anṣārī one garment." We measured them, and one was larger than the other, so we cast lots between them, and we shrouded each of them in the garment that fell to him. Al-Ḥākim narrated from Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh ؓ, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ missed Ḥamza when the people returned from the fighting. A man said: "I saw him near those rocks, saying: 'I am the lion of God and the lion of His Messenger. O God, I declare myself innocent before You of what these have brought—meaning Abū Sufyān and his companions—and I apologize to You for what these have done by their defeat.'" The Messenger of God ﷺ came toward him, and when he saw his body, he wept. When he saw what had been done to him, he sobbed, then said: "Is there a shroud?" A man of the Anṣār arose and threw his garment over him, then another arose and threw his garment over him. He said: "O Jābir, this garment is for your father, and this is for my uncle." He ﷺ said: "May God's mercy be upon you, for you were, as I knew you, a doer of good and a maintainer of kinship. Were it not that Ṣafiyya would grieve—and in one wording: our women, and in another wording: were it not for the grief of those after me for you, and that it would become a reproach after me—I would have left him until he is gathered from the bellies of beasts and the crops of birds."
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording. Ask what scholars say about its grade