Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1007
The Great Expedition of Badr
وُصُولِ خَبَرِ مُصَابِ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ إِلَى أَهْلِيهِمْ وَمَهْلِكِ أَبِي لَهَبٍ رَوَى قَاسِمُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ فِي دَلَائِلِهِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كَانَتْ خَوَالِفُ قُرَيْشٍ تَخْرُجُ إِلَى الْأَبْطَحِ وَذِي طُوًى حِينَ خَرَجَتْ قُرَيْشٌ تَمْنَعُ عِيرَهَا، يَتَحَسَّسُونَ الْأَخْبَارَ، فَسَمِعُوا هَاتِفًا بِأَعْلَى مَكَّةَ فِي الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي أَوْقَعَ بِهِمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، وَهُوَ يُنْشِدُ بِأَنْفَذِ صَوْتِهِ وَلَا يُرَى شَخْصُهُ: أَزَارَ الْحَنِيفِيُّونَ بَدْرًا وَقِيعَةً سَيَنْقَضُّ مِنْهَا رُكْنُ كِسْرَى وَقَيْصَرَا أَبَادَتْ رِجَالًا مِنْ لُؤَيٍّ وَأَبْرَزَتْ خَرَائِدَ يَضْرِبْنَ التَّرَائِبَ حُسَّرَا فَيَا وَيْحَ مَنْ أَمْسَى عَدُوَّ مُحَمَّدٍ لَقَدْ جَارَ عَنْ قَصْدِ الْهُدَى وَتَحَيَّرَا وَقَالَ قَائِلُهُمْ: مَنِ الْحَنِيفِيُّونَ ؟ فَقَالُوا: هُوَ مُحَمَّدٌ وَأَصْحَابُهُ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُمْ عَلَى دِينِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنِيفِ، فَحَسِبُوا فَوَجَدُوا اللَّيْلَةَ الَّتِي أَوْقَعَ فِيهَا الْمُسْلِمُونَ أَهْلَ بَدْرٍ فِي صَبِيحَتِهَا. وَكَانَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ قَدِمَ [مَكَّةَ] بِمُصَابِهِمُ الْحَيْسُمَانُ -وَهُوَ بِفَتْحِ الْحَاءِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ وَسُكُونِ الْمُثَنَّاةِ التَّحْتِيَّةِ وَضَمِّ الْمُهْمَلَةِ- ابْنُ إِيَاسٍ الْخُزَاعِيُّ -وَأَسْلَمَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ- فَقَالُوا: مَا وَرَاءَكَ ؟ قَالَ: قُتِلَ عُتْبَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ، وَشَيْبَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ، وَأَبُو الْحَكَمِ بْنُ هِشَامٍ، وَأُمَيَّةُ بْنُ خَلَفٍ، وَزَمْعَةُ بْنُ الْأَسْوَدِ، وَنُبَيْهُ وَمُنَبِّهُ ابْنَا الْحَجَّاجِ، وَأَبُو الْبَخْتَرِيِّ بْنُ هِشَامٍ، فَلَمَّا جَعَلَ يُعَدِّدُ أَشْرَافَ قُرَيْشٍ، قَالَ صَفْوَانُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ وَهُوَ قَاعِدٌ فِي الْحِجْرِ: وَاللَّهِ إِنْ يَعْقِلُ هَذَا، لَقَدْ طَارَ قَلْبُهُ، فَسَلُوهُ عَنِّي، فَقَالُوا: مَا فَعَلَ صَفْوَانُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ ؟ قَالَ: هَا هُوَ ذَاكَ قَاعِدًا فِي الْحِجْرِ وَقَدْ وَاللَّهِ رَأَيْتُ أَبَاهُ وَأَخَاهُ حِينَ قُتِلَا. وَرَوَى ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ مَوْلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: كُنْتُ غُلَامًا لِلْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَكَانَ الْإِسْلَامُ قَدْ دَخَلَنَا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ، فَأَسْلَمَ الْعَبَّاسُ وَأَسْلَمَتْ أُمُّ الْفَضْلِ، وَكَانَ الْعَبَّاسُ يَهَابُ قَوْمَهُ وَيَكْرَهُ خِلَافَهُمْ، فَكَانَ يَكْتُمُ إِسْلَامَهُ، وَكَانَ ذَا مَالٍ كَثِيرٍ مُتَفَرِّقٍ فِي قَوْمِهِ، وَكَانَ أَبُو لَهَبٍ قَدْ تَخَلَّفَ عَنْ بَدْرٍ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُ الْخَبَرُ عَنْ مُصَابِ أَصْحَابِ بَدْرٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ كَبَتَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى وَأَخْزَاهُ، وَوَجَدْنَا فِي أَنْفُسِنَا قُوَّةً وَعِزَّةً، وَكُنْتُ أَعْمَلُ الْأَقْدَاحَ فِي حُجْرَةِ زَمْزَمَ، فَوَاللَّهِ إِنِّي جَالِسٌ فِيهَا أَنْحِتُ أَقْدَاحِي وَعِنْدِي أُمُّ الْفَضْلِ جَالِسَةٌ، وَقَدْ سَرَّنَا مَا جَاءَنَا مِنَ الْخَبَرِ إِذْ أَقْبَلَ أَبُو لَهَبٍ يَجُرُّ رِجْلَيْهِ بِشَرٍّ حَتَّى جَلَسَ عَلَى طُنُبِ الْحُجْرَةِ، فَكَانَ ظَهْرُهُ إِلَى ظَهْرِي، فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ إِذْ قَالَ النَّاسُ: هَذَا أَبُو سُفْيَانَ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ قَدْ قَدِمَ، فَقَالَ أَبُو لَهَبٍ: هَلُمَّ إِلَيَّ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي فَعِنْدَكَ لَعَمْرِي الْخَبَرُ، فَجَلَسَ إِلَيْهِ وَالنَّاسُ قِيَامٌ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: يَا ابْنَ أَخِي أَخْبِرْنِي كَيْفَ كَانَ أَمْرُ النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ لَقِينَا الْقَوْمَ فَمَنَحْنَاهُمْ أَكْتَافَنَا يَقْتُلُونَنَا كَيْفَ شَاءُوا وَيَأْسِرُونَنَا كَيْفَ شَاءُوا، وَايْمُ اللَّهِ مَعَ ذَلِكَ مَا لُمْتُ النَّاسَ، لَقِينَا رِجَالًا بِيضًا عَلَى خَيْلٍ بُلْقٍ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ، وَاللَّهِ مَا تُلِيقُ شَيْئًا، وَلَا يَقُومُ لَهَا شَيْءٌ. قَالَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ: فَرَفَعْتُ طُنُبَ الْحُجْرَةِ بِيَدِي، ثُمَّ قُلْتُ: تِلْكَ وَاللَّهِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ، قَالَ: فَرَفَعَ أَبُو لَهَبٍ يَدَهُ فَضَرَبَ وَجْهِي ضَرْبَةً شَدِيدَةً، قَالَ: وَثَاوَرْتُهُ فَاحْتَمَلَنِي وَضَرَبَ بِي الْأَرْضَ، ثُمَّ بَرَكَ عَلَيَّ يَضْرِبُنِي، وَكُنْتُ رَجُلًا ضَعِيفًا، فَقَامَتْ أُمُّ الْفَضْلِ إِلَى عَمُودٍ مِنْ عُمُدِ الْحُجْرَةِ، فَأَخَذَتْهُ فَضَرَبَتْهُ بِهِ ضَرْبَةً فَلَعَتْ فِي رَأْسِهِ شَجَّةً مُنْكَرَةً، وَقَالَتِ: اسْتَضْعَفْتَهُ أَنْ غَابَ عَنْهُ سَيِّدُهُ، فَقَامَ مُوَلِّيًا ذَلِيلًا. فَوَاللَّهِ مَا عَاشَ إِلَى سَبْعِ لَيَالٍ حَتَّى رَمَاهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِالْعَدَسَةِ فَقَتَلَتْهُ. قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ: وَالْعَدَسَةُ: قُرْحَةٌ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَتَشَاءَمُ بِهَا، وَيَرَوْنَ أَنَّهَا تُعْدِي أَشَدَّ الْعَدْوَى، فَلَمَّا أَصَابَتْ أَبَا لَهَبٍ تَبَاعَدَ عَنْهُ بَنُوهُ، وَبَقِيَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ ثَلَاثًا لَا تُقْرَبُ جُثَّتُهُ، وَلَا يُحَاوَلُ دَفْنُهُ، فَلَمَّا خَافُوا السُّبَّةَ فِي تَرْكِهِمْ لَهُ دَفَعُوهُ بِعِصِيٍّ فِي حُفْرَتِهِ، وَقَذَفُوهُ بِالْحِجَارَةِ مِنْ بَعِيدٍ حَتَّى وَارَوْهُ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ فِي رِوَايَةِ يُونُسَ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ: إِنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَحْفِرُوا لَهُ، وَلَكِنْ أَسْنَدُوهُ إِلَى حَائِطٍ، وَقَذَفُوا عَلَيْهِ بِالْحِجَارَةِ مِنْ خَلْفِ الْحَائِطِ حَتَّى وَارَوْهُ. وَرُوِيَ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ ؓ كَانَتْ إِذَا مَرَّتْ بِمَوْضِعِهِ غَطَّتْ وَجْهَهَا.
Translation
✧ The arrival of the news of the misfortune of the people of Badr to their families and the death of Abū Lahab Qāsim b. Thābit narrated in his Dalāʾil, from Sulaymān b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Abī Thābit, from his father, who said: The women of Quraysh who stayed behind used to go out to al-Abṭaḥ and Dhū Ṭuwā when Quraysh went out to defend their caravan, seeking news. They heard a caller at the highest point of Makkah on the day the Muslims struck them, reciting in the most piercing voice, his person unseen: Did the Ḥanīfīs visit Badr with a battle from which the corner of Kisrā and Caesar will crumble? It wiped out men of Luʾayy and brought forth veiled maidens striking their chests, unveiled. So woe to one who has become an enemy of Muḥammad; he has deviated from the path of guidance and become bewildered. One of them said: Who are the Ḥanīfīs? They said: He is Muḥammad and his companions; they claim they follow the religion of Ibrāhīm the Ḥanīf. So they calculated and found the night in which the Muslims struck the people of Badr was on its following morning. The first to arrive [in Makkah] with their misfortune was al-Ḥaysumān — with a fatḥah on the unpointed ḥāʾ, a sukūn on the two-pointed yāʾ, and a ḍammah on the unpointed letter — b. Iyās al-Khuzāʿī, who later embraced Islam. They said: What is behind you? He said: ʿUtbah b. Rabīʿah, Shaybah b. Rabīʿah, Abū al-Ḥakam b. Hishām, Umayyah b. Khalaf, Zamʿah b. al-Aswad, Nubayh and Munabbih the two sons of al-Ḥajjāj, and Abū al-Bakhtarī b. Hishām were killed. When he began enumerating the nobles of Quraysh, Ṣafwān b. Umayyah, who was sitting in al-Ḥijr, said: By Allah, if this one is in his right mind, his heart has flown away; ask him about me. They said: What happened to Ṣafwān b. Umayyah? He said: There he is sitting in al-Ḥijr. By Allah, I saw his father and brother when they were killed. Ibn Isḥāq narrated, from Abū Rāfiʿ, the client of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who said: I was a servant of al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, and Islam had entered us, the people of the household. Al-ʿAbbās embraced Islam and Umm al-Faḍl embraced Islam. Al-ʿAbbās feared his people and disliked opposing them, so he concealed his Islam. He had much wealth dispersed among his people. Abū Lahab had stayed behind from Badr. When the news of the misfortune of the companions of Badr from Quraysh came to him, Allah Almighty abased and disgraced him, and we found in ourselves strength and honor. I used to make wooden bowls in the chamber of Zamzam. By Allah, I was sitting there carving my bowls while Umm al-Faḍl sat near me, and the news that reached us had pleased us, when Abū Lahab approached dragging his feet in evil until he sat on the rope of the chamber, so that his back was to my back. While he was sitting, the people said: This is Abū Sufyān b. al-Ḥārith b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, he has arrived. Abū Lahab said: Come to me, O son of my brother, for by my life you have the news. He sat with him while the people stood around him. He said: O son of my brother, tell me how the affair of the people was. He said: By Allah, it was only that we met the people and offered them our shoulders; they killed us as they wished and captured us as they wished. And by Allah, with that I do not blame the people. We met white men on piebald horses between heaven and earth. By Allah, they spare nothing, and nothing withstands them. Abū Rāfiʿ said: I lifted the rope of the chamber with my hand, then I said: Those, by Allah, are the angels. He said: Abū Lahab raised his hand and struck my face with a severe blow. He said: I grappled with him, and he seized me and threw me to the ground, then knelt over me beating me. I was a weak man. Umm al-Faḍl rose to one of the pillars of the chamber, took it, and struck him with it, causing a severe gash in his head. She said: You have taken advantage of his weakness because his master is absent. He rose and left humiliated. By Allah, he did not live more than seven nights before Allah Almighty afflicted him with the ʿadasah, and it killed him. Ibn Jarīr said: The ʿadasah is a sore that the Arabs regarded as an evil omen, believing it to be extremely contagious. When it struck Abū Lahab, his sons distanced themselves from him, and after his death he remained three days without his corpse being approached or burial attempted. When they feared disgrace in abandoning him, they pushed him with sticks into his pit and threw stones at him from a distance until they covered him. Ibn Isḥāq said in the narration of Yūnus b. Bukayr: They did not dig for him, but leaned him against a wall and threw stones at him from behind the wall until they covered him. It is narrated that ʿĀʾishah ؓ, when she passed by his place, would cover her face.
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