Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1002
The Great Expedition of Badr
إسْلَامُ أَبِي الْعَاصِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ [ اسْتِيلَاءُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى تِجَارَةٍ مَعَهُ وَإِجَارَةُ زَيْنَبَ لَهُ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَأَقَامَ أَبُو الْعَاصِ بِمَكَّةَ، وَأَقَامَتْ زَيْنَبُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، حِينَ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا الْإِسْلَامُ، حَتَّى إذَا كَانَ قُبَيْلَ الْفَتْحِ، خَرَجَ أَبُو الْعَاصِ تَاجِرًا إلَى الشَّامِ، وَكَانَ رَجُلًا مَأْمُونًا، بِمَالٍ لَهُ وَأَمْوَالٍ لِرِجَالٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، أَبْضَعُوهَا مَعَهُ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ تِجَارَتِهِ وَأَقْبَلَ قَافِلًا، لَقِيَتْهُ سَرِيَّةٌ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَصَابُوا مَا مَعَهُ، وَأَعْجَزَهُمْ هَارِبًا، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَتْ السَّرِيَّةُ بِمَا أَصَابُوا مِنْ مَالِهِ، أَقْبَلَ أَبُو الْعَاصِ تَحْتَ اللَّيْلِ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَاسْتَجَارَ بِهَا، فَأَجَارَتْهُ، وَجَاءَ فِي طَلَبِ مَالِهِ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إلَى الصُّبْحِ - كَمَا حَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ رُومَانَ فَكَبَّرَ وَكَبَّرَ النَّاسُ مَعَهُ، صَرَخَتْ زَيْنَبُ مِنْ صُفَّةِ النِّسَاءِ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إنِّي قَدْ أَجَرْتُ أَبَا الْعَاصِ بْنَ الرَّبِيعِ. قَالَ: فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ الصَّلَاةِ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسِ، هَلْ سَمِعْتُمْ مَا سَمِعْتُ ؟ قَالُوا: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: أَمَا وَاَلَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ مَا عَلِمْتُ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى سَمِعْتُ مَا سَمِعْتُمْ، إنَّهُ يُجِيرُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَدْنَاهُمْ. ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَى ابْنَتِهِ، فَقَالَ: أَيْ بُنَيَّةُ، أَكْرِمِي مَثْوَاهُ، وَلَا يَخْلُصُنَّ إلَيْكَ، فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَحِلِّينَ لَهُ. [ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَرُدُّونَ عَلَيْهِ مَالَهُ ثُمَّ يُسْلِمُ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ إلَى السَّرِيَّةِ الَّذِينَ أَصَابُوا مَالَ أَبِي الْعَاصِ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: إنَّ هَذَا الرَّجُلَ مِنَّا حَيْثُ قَدْ عَلِمْتُمْ، وَقَدْ أَصَبْتُمْ لَهُ مَالًا، فَإِنْ تُحْسِنُوا وَتَرُدُّوا عَلَيْهِ الَّذِي لَهُ، فَإِنَّا نُحِبُّ ذَلِكَ، وَإِنْ أَبَيْتُمْ فَهُوَ فَيْءُ اللَّهِ الَّذِي أَفَاءَ عَلَيْكُمْ، فَأَنْتُمْ أَحَقُّ بِهِ، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، بَلْ نَرُدُّهُ عَلَيْهِ، فَرَدُّوهُ عَلَيْهِ، حَتَّى إنَّ الرَّجُلَ لِيَأْتِيَ بِالدَّلْوِ، وَيَأْتِيَ الرَّجُلُ بِالشَّنَّةِ وَبِالْإِدَاوَةِ، حَتَّى إنَّ أَحَدَهُمْ لِيَأْتِيَ بِالشِّظَاظِ، حَتَّى رَدُّوا عَلَيْهِ مَالَهُ بِأَسْرِهِ، لَا يَفْقِدُ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ثُمَّ احْتَمَلَ إلَى مَكَّةَ، فَأَدَّى إلَى كُلِّ ذِي مَالٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ مَالَهُ، وَمَنْ كَانَ أَبْضَعَ مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ، هَلْ بَقِيَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْكُمْ عِنْدِي مَالٌ لَمْ يَأْخُذْهُ؛ قَالُوا: لَا. فَجَزَاكَ اللَّهُ خَيْرًا، فَقَدْ وَجَدْنَاكَ وَفِيًّا كَرِيمًا قَالَ: فَأَنَا أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، وَاَللَّهِ مَا مَنَعَنِي مِنْ الْإِسْلَامِ عِنْدَهُ إلَّا تَخَوُّفُ أَنْ تَظُنُّوا أَنِّي إنَّمَا أَرَدْتُ أَنْ آكُلَ أَمْوَالَكُمْ، فَلَمَّا أَدَّاهَا اللَّهُ إلَيْكُمْ وَفَرَغْتُ مِنْهَا أَسْلَمْتُ. ثُمَّ خَرَجَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. [ زَوْجَتُهُ تَرِدُ إِلَيْهِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي دَاوُدُ بْنُ الْحُصَيْنِ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ زَيْنَبَ عَلَى النِّكَاحِ الْأَوَّلِ لَمْ يُحْدِثْ شَيْئًا ( بَعْدَ سِتِّ سِنِينَ ). فَصْلٌ فِي حُكْمِهِ ﷺ فِي الزَّوْجَيْنِ يُسْلِمُ أَحَدُهُمَا قَبْلَ الْآخَرِ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ: ( رَدَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ زينب ابْنَتَهُ عَلَى أَبِي الْعَاصِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ بِالنِّكَاحِ الْأَوَّلِ وَلَمْ يُحْدِثْ شَيْئًا ) رَوَاهُ أحمد وأبو داود وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ. وَفِي لَفْظٍ: ( بَعْدَ سِتِّ سِنِينَ وَلَمْ يُحْدِثْ نِكَاحًا )، قَالَ الترمذي: لَيْسَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ بَأْسٌ، وَفِي لَفْظٍ: ( وَكَانَ إِسْلَامُهَا قَبْلَ إِسْلَامِهِ بِسِتِّ سِنِينَ، وَلَمْ يُحْدِثْ شَهَادَةً وَلَا صَدَاقًا ) [ مَثَلٌ مِنْ أَمَانَةِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَحَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ: أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَاصِ بْنَ الرَّبِيعِ لَمَّا قَدِمَ مِنْ الشَّامِ وَمَعَهُ أَمْوَالُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، قِيلَ لَهُ: هَلْ لَكَ أَنْ تُسْلِمَ وَتَأْخُذَ هَذِهِ الْأَمْوَالَ، فَإِنَّهَا أَمْوَالُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَاصِ: بِئْسَ مَا أَبْدَأُ بِهِ إسْلَامِي أَنْ أَخُونَ أَمَانَتِي قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَحَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ التَّنُّورِيُّ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ الشَّعْبِيِّ، بِنَحْوِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَاصِ.
Translation
✧ The Islam of Abu al-ʿAs b. al-Rabiʿ [The Muslims' seizure of merchandise with him and Zaynab's grant of protection to him] Ibn Ishaq said: Abu al-ʿAs remained in Makkah, and Zaynab stayed with the Messenger of God ﷺ in Madinah, when Islam separated the two of them, until, shortly before the conquest, Abu al-ʿAs went out as a merchant to Syria—he was a trustworthy man—with wealth of his own and wealth belonging to men of Quraysh who had entrusted it to him as merchandise. When he had finished his trade and was returning as a caravan leader, a raiding party of the Messenger of God ﷺ encountered him. They seized what was with him, but he eluded them by fleeing. When the raiding party arrived with what they had seized of his property, Abu al-ʿAs came under cover of night until he entered upon Zaynab, daughter of the Messenger of God ﷺ, and sought her protection, and she granted it to him. He had come in search of his property. When the Messenger of God ﷺ went out for the morning prayer—as Yazid b. Ruman narrated to me—he said the takbir and the people said the takbir with him. Zaynab cried out from the women's gallery: "O people, I have granted protection to Abu al-ʿAs b. al-Rabiʿ." He said: When the Messenger of God ﷺ had said the salam from the prayer, he turned to the people and said: "O people, did you hear what I heard?" They said: "Yes." He said: "Indeed, by Him in whose hand is Muhammad's soul, I knew nothing of that until I heard what you heard. Indeed, the lowest of the Muslims may grant protection on behalf of the Muslims." Then the Messenger of God ﷺ departed and entered upon his daughter and said: "O my little daughter, honor his lodging, but let him not get to you, for you are not lawful to him." [The Muslims return his property to him, then he becomes Muslim] Ibn Ishaq said: ʿAbd Allah b. Abi Bakr narrated to me that the Messenger of God ﷺ sent to the raiding party who had seized Abu al-ʿAs's property and said to them: "This man is of us, as you know, and you have seized property belonging to him. If you do good and return to him what is his, we would like that; and if you refuse, it is God's spoil which He has granted you, and you are more entitled to it." They said: "O Messenger of God, rather we will return it to him." So they returned it to him, to the point that a man would bring a bucket, a man would bring a waterskin, and a man would bring a leather water-bag, to the point that one of them would even bring a wooden pin, until they returned his property to him in its entirety, not missing anything from it. Then he set off for Makkah and delivered to every owner of wealth from Quraysh his wealth, and to everyone who had entrusted merchandise with him. Then he said: "O assembly of Quraysh, is there left with me any wealth belonging to any of you that he has not taken?" They said: "No. May God reward you well, for we have found you faithful and noble." He said: "Then I bear witness that there is no god but God and that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. By God, nothing prevented me from becoming Muslim with him except fear that you would think that I only wanted to consume your wealth. So when God delivered it to you and I was done with it, I became Muslim." Then he departed until he came to the Messenger of God ﷺ. [His wife is returned to him] Ibn Ishaq said: Dawud b. al-Husayn narrated to me from ʿIkrima from Ibn ʿAbbas, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ returned Zaynab to him according to the first marriage, and he did not initiate anything (after six years). A section on his ﷺ ruling regarding two spouses, one of whom becomes Muslim before the other Ibn ʿAbbas ؓ said: (The Messenger of God ﷺ returned Zaynab, his daughter, to Abu al-ʿAs b. al-Rabiʿ according to the first marriage, and he did not initiate anything.) Narrated by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, and al-Tirmidhi. In one wording: (after six years, and he did not initiate a marriage.) Al-Tirmidhi said: There is no harm in its chain. In another wording: (Her Islam was six years before his Islam, and he did not initiate a new testimony or a new dowry.) [An example of Abu al-ʿAs's trustworthiness] Ibn Hisham said: Abu ʿUbayda narrated to me that when Abu al-ʿAs b. al-Rabiʿ arrived from Syria with the wealth of the polytheists, it was said to him: "Would you like to become Muslim and take these properties, for they are the wealth of the polytheists?" Abu al-ʿAs said: "What a bad thing with which to begin my Islam—that I should betray my trust." Ibn Hisham said: ʿAbd al-Warith b. Saʿid al-Tannuri narrated to me from Dawud b. Abi Hind from ʿAmir al-Shaʿbi, in a manner similar to the account of Abu ʿUbayda, from Abu al-ʿAs.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.