91. The departure of the Prophet's messengers to the kings
Sirat Ibn Hisham 1576No grade recorded
خُرُوجُ رُسُلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ إلَى الْمُلُوكِ [ تَذْكِيرُ الرَّسُولِ قَوْمَهُ بِمَا حَدَثَ لِلْحَوَارِيِّينَ حِينَ اخْتَلَفُوا عَلَى عِيسَى ] قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَقَدْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ إلَى الْمُلُوكِ رُسُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَكَتَبَ مَعَهُمْ إلَيْهِمْ يَدْعُوهُمْ إلَى الْإِسْلَامِ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: حَدَّثَنِي مَنْ أَثِقُ بِهِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْهُذَلِيِّ قَالَ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ بَعْدَ عُمْرَتِهِ الَّتِي صُدَّ عَنْهَا يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، فَقَالَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ بَعَثَنِي رَحْمَةً وَكَافَّةً فَلَا تَخْتَلِفُوا عَلَيَّ كَمَا اخْتَلَفَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ عَلَى عِيسَى بْنِ مَرْيَمَ؛ فَقَالَ أَصْحَابُهُ: وَكَيْفَ اخْتَلَفَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ؟ قَالَ: دَعَاهُمْ إلَى الَّذِي دَعَوْتُكُمْ إلَيْهِ، فَأَمَّا مِنْ بَعَثَهُ مَبْعَثًا قَرِيبًا فَرَضِيَ وَسَلِمَ، وَأَمَّا مَنْ بَعَثَهُ مَبْعَثًا بَعِيدًا فَكَرِهَ وَجْهُهُ وَتَثَاقَلَ، فَشَكَا ذَلِكَ عِيسَى إلَى اللَّهِ، فَأَصْبَحَ الْمُتَثَاقِلُونَ وَكُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ يَتَكَلَّمُ بِلُغَةِ الْأُمَّةِ الَّتِي بُعِثَ إلَيْهَا
✧ The departure of the Messenger of Allah's envoys to the kings [The Messenger's reminder to his people of what happened to the disciples when they differed over Jesus] Ibn Hisham said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ had indeed sent envoys to the kings from among his companions, and wrote with them to them, calling them to Islam. Ibn Hisham said: Someone I trust narrated to me from Abu Bakr al-Hudhali, who said: It reached me that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came out to his companions one day after his ʿumrah from which he was turned back on the day of al-Hudaybiyah, and said: O people, Allah has sent me as a mercy to all, so do not differ over me as the disciples differed over Jesus son of Mary. His companions said: How did the disciples differ, O Messenger of Allah? He said: He called them to what I have called you to. As for the one whom he sent to a nearby place, he was pleased and safe; but as for the one whom he sent to a distant place, his face showed dislike and he was sluggish. Jesus complained of that to Allah, and in the morning the sluggish ones, each one of them, spoke the language of the nation to which he had been sent.
Sirat Ibn Hisham 1577No grade recorded
[ أَسَمَاءُ الرُّسُلِ وَمَنْ أُرْسِلُوا إلَيْهِمْ ] فَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رُسُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَكَتَبَ مَعَهُمْ كُتُبًا إلَى الْمُلُوكِ يَدْعُوهُمْ فِيهَا إلَى الْإِسْلَامِ. فَبَعَثَ دِحْيَةَ بْنَ خَلِيفَةَ الْكَلْبِيَّ إلَى قَيْصَرَ، مَلِكِ الرُّومِ؛ وَبَعَثَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ حُذَافَةَ السَّهْمِيَّ إلَى كِسْرَى، مَلِكِ فَارِسَ؛ وَبَعَثَ عَمْرَو بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيَّ إلَى النَّجَاشِيِّ، مَلِكِ الْحَبَشَةِ، وَبَعَثَ حَاطِبَ بْنَ أَبِي بَلْتَعَةَ إلَى الْمُقَوْقَسِ، مَلِكِ الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةِ؛ وَبَعَثَ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ السَّهْمِيَّ إلَى جَيْفَرٍ وَعَيَّادٍ ابْنَيْ الْجُلُنْدَى الْأَزْدِيَّيْنِ، مَلِكَيْ عُمَانَ؛ وَبَعَثَ سَلِيطَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو أَحَدَ بَنِي عَامِرِ بْنِ لُؤَيٍّ، إلَى ثُمَامَةَ بْنِ أُثَالٍ، وَهَوْذَةُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْحَنَفِيِّينَ، مَلِكَيْ الْيَمَامَةِ؛ وَبَعَثَ الْعَلَاءَ بْنَ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ إلَى الْمُنْذِرِ بْنِ سَاوَى الْعَبْدِيِّ، مَلِكَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ؛ وَبَعَثَ شُجَاعَ بْنَ وَهْبٍ الْأَسْدِيَّ إلَى الْحَارِثِ بْنِ أَبِي شِمْرٍ الْغَسَّانِيِّ، مَلِكِ تُخُومِ الشَّامِ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: بَعَثَ شُجَاعَ بْنَ وَهْبٍ إلَى جَبَلَةَ بْنِ الْأَيْهَمِ الْغَسَّانِيِّ، وَبَعَثَ الْمُهَاجِرَ بْنَ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ إلَى الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ كُلَالٍ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ، مَلِكِ الْيَمَنِ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: أَنَا نَسِيتُ سَلِيطًا وَثُمَامَةَ وَهَوْذَةَ وَالْمُنْذِرَ. [ رِوَايَةُ ابْنِ حَبِيبٍ عَنْ بَعْثِ الرَّسُولِ رُسُلَهُ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ الْمِصْرِيُّ: أَنَّهُ وَجَدَ كِتَابًا فِيهِ ذِكْرُ مَنْ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إلَى الْبُلْدَانِ وَمُلُوكِ الْعَرَبِ وَالْعَجَمِ، وَمَا قَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ حِينَ بَعَثَهُمْ. قَالَ: فَبَعَثْتُ بِهِ إلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ فَعَرَفَهُ؛ وَفِيهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: إنَّ اللَّهَ بَعَثَنِي رَحْمَةً وَكَافَّةً، فَأَدَّوْا عَنِّي يَرْحَمُكُمْ اللَّهُ، وَلَا تَخْتَلِفُوا عَلَيَّ كَمَا اخْتَلَفَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ عَلَى عِيسَى بْنِ مَرْيَمَ؛ قَالُوا: وَكَيْفَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَانَ اخْتِلَافُهُمْ ؟ قَالَ: دَعَاهُمْ لِمِثْلِ مَا دَعَوْتُكُمْ لَهُ، فَأَمَّا مَنْ قَرَّبَ بِهِ فَأَحَبَّ وَسَلَّمَ؛ وَأَمَّا مَنْ بَعُدَ بِهِ فِكْرُهُ وَأَبَى، فَشَكَا ذَلِكَ عِيسَى مِنْهُمْ إلَى اللَّهِ، فَأَصْبَحُوا وَكُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ يَتَكَلَّمُ بِلُغَةِ الْقَوْمِ الَّذِينَ وُجِّهَ إلَيْهِمْ
✧ [The Names of the Envoys and Those to Whom They Were Sent] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent envoys from among his Companions, and wrote with them letters to the kings, inviting them therein to Islam. He sent Diḥyah b. Khalīfah al-Kalbī to Caesar, king of the Romans; and he sent ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥudhāfah al-Sahmī to Chosroes, king of Persia; and he sent ʿAmr b. Umayyah al-Ḍamrī to the Negus, king of Abyssinia; and he sent Ḥāṭib b. Abī Baltaʿah to al-Muqawqis, king of Alexandria; and he sent ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ al-Sahmī to Jayfar and ʿAyyād, the two sons of al-Julandā al-Azdī, the two kings of Oman; and he sent Sulayṭ b. ʿAmr, one of the Banū ʿĀmir b. Luʾayy, to Thumāmah b. Uthāl and Hawdhah b. ʿAlī al-Ḥanafī, the two kings of al-Yamāmah; and he sent al-ʿAlāʾ b. al-Ḥaḍramī to al-Mundhir b. Sāwā al-ʿAbdī, king of al-Baḥrayn; and he sent Shujāʿ b. Wahb al-Asadī to al-Ḥārith b. Abī Shimr al-Ghassānī, king of the borders of Syria. Ibn Hishām said: He sent Shujāʿ b. Wahb to Jabalah b. al-Ayham al-Ghassānī, and he sent al-Muhājir b. Abī Umayyah al-Makhzūmī to al-Ḥārith b. ʿAbd Kulāl al-Ḥimyarī, king of Yemen. Ibn Hishām said: I forgot Sulayṭ, Thumāmah, Hawdhah, and al-Mundhir. [Ibn Ḥabīb's Account of the Messenger's Sending of His Envoys] Ibn Isḥāq said: Yazīd b. Abī Ḥabīb al-Miṣrī related to me that he found a document containing mention of those whom the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent to the lands and the kings of the Arabs and the non-Arabs, and what he said to his Companions when he sent them. He said: I sent it to Muḥammad b. Shihāb al-Zuhrī, and he recognized it. In it: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out to his Companions and said to them: "Allah has sent me as a mercy and for all people, so convey on my behalf, may Allah have mercy on you, and do not differ concerning me as the disciples differed concerning Jesus son of Mary." They said: "How, O Messenger of Allah, was their differing?" He said: "He called them to the like of what I have called you to. As for the one whom he sent near, he loved and submitted; and as for the one whom he sent far, his mind refused and he declined. Jesus complained of that to Allah, and they woke up with each man of them speaking the language of the people to whom he had been sent."
Sirat Ibn Hisham 1578No grade recorded
[ أَسَمَاءُ رُسُلِ عِيسَى ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَكَانَ مَنْ بَعَثَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ مِنْ الْحَوَارِيِّينَ وَالْأَتْبَاعِ، الَّذِينَ كَانُوا بَعْدَهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ: بُطْرُسُ الْحَوَارِيُّ، وَمَعَهُ بُولُسُ، وَكَانَ بُولُسُ مِنْ الْأَتْبَاعِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ الْحَوَارِيِّينَ إلَى رُومِيَّةَ؛ وَأَنْدَرَائِسُ وَمَنْتَا إلَى الْأَرْضِ الَّتِي يَأْكُلُ أَهْلُهَا النَّاسَ؛ وَتُومَاسُ إلَى أَرْضِ بَابِلَ، مِنْ أَرْضِ الْمَشْرِقِ؛ وَفِيلِبسُ إلَى أَرْضِ قَرْطَاجَنَّةَ، وَهِيَ إفْرِيقِيَّةُ؛ وَيُحَنَّسُ، إلَى أَفْسُوسَ، قَرْيَةُ الْفِتْيَةِ، أَصْحَابِ الْكَهْفِ؛ وَيَعْقُوبُسُ إلَى أَوْرْاشَلِمَ، وَهِيَ إيلِيَاءُ، قَرْيَةُ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ، وَابْنُ ثَلْمَاءَ إلَى الْأَعْرَابِيَّةِ، وَهِيَ أَرْضُ الْحِجَازِ، وَسِيمُنْ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْبَرْبَرِ؛ وَيَهُوذَا، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ الْحَوَارِيِّينَ، جُعِلَ مَكَانَ يُودِسَ
✧ [The names of the envoys of Jesus] Ibn Ishaq said: Those whom Jesus son of Mary ﷺ sent from among the disciples and followers, who were after them on earth, were: Peter the disciple, and with him Paul—and Paul was one of the followers, not one of the disciples—to Rome; Andrew and Matthew to the land whose people eat people; Thomas to the land of Babylon, in the land of the east; Philip to the land of Carthage, which is Africa; John to Ephesus, the village of the youths, the Companions of the Cave; James to Jerusalem, which is Aelia, the village of the Holy House; and the son of Thalma to Arabia, which is the land of the Hijaz; and Simon to the land of the Berbers; and Judas—and he was not one of the disciples—was put in the place of Jude.