40. The beginning of fighting the polytheists

1. Sirat Ibn Hisham 675No grade recorded

   [ بَدْءُ قِتَالِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ إنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَهَيَّأَ لِحَرْبِهِ، قَامَ فِيمَا أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ بِهِ مِنْ جِهَادِ عَدُوِّهِ، وَقِتَالِ مَنْ أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ بِهِ مِمَّنْ يَلِيهِ مِنْ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، مُشْرِكِي الْعَرَبِ، وَذَلِكَ بَعْدَ أَنْ بَعَثَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً. تَارِيخُ الْهِجْرَةِ بِالْإِسْنَادِ الْمُتَقَدِّمِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زِيَادُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَكَّائِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إسْحَاقَ الْمُطَّلِبِيِّ، قَالَ: قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ، حِينَ اشْتَدَّ الضَّحَاءُ، وَكَادَتْ الشَّمْسُ تَعْتَدِلَ، لِثِنْتَيْ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً مَضَتْ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ، وَهُوَ التَّارِيخُ، ( فِيمَا ) قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَئِذٍ ابْنُ ثَلَاثٍ وَخَمْسِينَ سَنَةً، وَذَلِكَ بَعْدَ أَنْ بَعَثَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، فَأَقَامَ بِهَا بَقِيَّةَ شَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ، وَشَهْرَ رَبِيعٍ الْآخَرِ، وَجُمَادَيَيْنِ، وَرَجَبًا، وَشَعْبَانَ، وَشَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ، وَشَوَّالًا، وَذَا الْقِعْدَةِ، وَذَا الْحَجَّةِ - وَوَلِيَ تِلْكَ الْحَجَّةَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ - وَالْمُحَرَّمَ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ غَازِيًا فِي صَفَرَ عَلَى رَأْسِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا مِنْ مَقْدَمِهِ الْمَدِينَةَ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ

   ✧ The beginning of fighting the polytheists Ibn Isḥāq said: Then the Messenger of God ﷺ prepared for his war, in accordance with what God had commanded him of striving against his enemy and fighting those of the polytheists whom God commanded him to fight from among those near him, the polytheists of the Arabs. That was after God Almighty had sent him for thirteen years. The date of the Hijrah, with the previous chain of transmission from ʿAbd al-Malik b. Hishām, who said: Ziyād b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Bakkāʾī narrated to us, from Muḥammad b. Isḥāq al-Muṭṭalibī, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ arrived in Madinah on Monday, when the forenoon had grown intense, and the sun was about to reach its zenith, when twelve nights had passed of the month of Rabīʿ al-Awwal. This is the date, according to what Ibn Hishām said. Ibn Isḥāq said: The Messenger of God ﷺ was at that time fifty-three years old, and that was after God, Mighty and Majestic, had sent him for thirteen years. He stayed there for the rest of the month of Rabīʿ al-Awwal, the month of Rabīʿ al-Ākhir, the two Jumādās, Rajab, Shaʿbān, the month of Ramaḍān, Shawwāl, Dhū al-Qiʿdah, and Dhū al-Ḥijjah—and the polytheists presided over that pilgrimage—and al-Muḥarram. Then he went out as a raider in Ṣafar, at the beginning of twelve months from his arrival in Madinah. Ibn Hishām said: He appointed Saʿd b. ʿUbādah over Madinah.