13. Consultation
قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لأَبِي الْهَيْثَمِ: «هَلْ لَكَ خَادِمٌ؟» قَالَ: لاَ. قَالَ: «فَإِذَا أَتَانَا سَبْيٌ فَأْتِنَا». فَأُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِرَأْسَيْنِ لَيْسَ مَعَهُمَا ثَالِثٌ، فَأَتَاهُ أَبُو الْهَيْثَمِ. قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «اخْتَرْ مِنْهُمَا». قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، اخْتَرْ لِي. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «إِنَّ الْمُسْتَشَارَ مُؤْتَمَنٌ، خُذْ هَذَا، فَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُهُ يُصَلِّي، وَاسْتَوْصِ بِهِ خَيْرًا». فَقَالَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ: مَا أَنْتَ بِبَالِغٍ مَا قَالَ فِيهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلاَّ أَنْ تُعْتِقَهُ. قَالَ: فَهُوَ عَتِيقٌ. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَبْعَثْ نَبِيًّا وَلاَ خَلِيفَةً إِلاَّ وَلَهُ بِطَانَتَانِ: بِطَانَةٌ تَأْمُرُهُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَتَنْهَاهُ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ، وَبِطَانَةٌ لاَ تَأْلُوهُ خَبَالاً، وَمَنْ يُوقَ بِطَانَةَ السُّوءِ فَقَدْ وُقِيَ».
The Prophet ﷺ said to Abu al-Haytham: "Do you have a servant?" He said, "No." He said: "When captives come to us, come to us." Then two captives were brought to the Prophet ﷺ, with no third person accompanying them, and Abu al-Haytham came to him. The Prophet ﷺ said: "Choose one of them." He said, "O Messenger of Allah, choose for me." The Prophet ﷺ said: "The one consulted is entrusted. Take this one, for I have seen him praying, and treat him well." His wife said, "You will not fulfill what the Prophet ﷺ said about him unless you free him." He said, "Then he is freed." The Prophet ﷺ said: "Allah ﷻ did not send any prophet or any caliph except that he had two inner circles: an inner circle that commands him to do what is right and forbids him from what is wrong, and an inner circle that spares no effort in causing him ruin. Whoever is protected from an evil inner circle has indeed been protected."
عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ قَرَأَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَشَاوِرْهُمْ فِي بَعْضِ الامْرِ
✧ From ʿAmr b. Dīnār, he said: Ibn ʿAbbās recited, “And consult them in part of the matter.”
عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ وَاللَّهِ مَا اسْتَشَارَ قَوْمٌ قَطُّ إِلاَّ هُدُوا لأَفْضَلِ مَا بِحَضْرَتِهِمْ ثُمَّ تَلاَ {وَأَمْرُهُمْ شُورَى بَيْنَهُمْ}
✧ From al-Ḥasan, he said: By Allah, no people ever consulted except that they were guided to the best of what was before them. Then he recited, {And their affair is by consultation among them}.
قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَنْ تَقَوَّلَ عَلَيَّ مَا لَمْ أَقُلْ فَلْيَتَبَوَّأْ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ وَمَنِ اسْتَشَارَهُ أَخُوهُ الْمُسْلِمُ فَأَشَارَ عَلَيْهِ بِغَيْرِ رُشْدٍ فَقَدْ خَانَهُ وَمَنْ أُفْتِيَ فُتْيَا بِغَيْرِ ثَبْتٍ فَإِثْمُهُ عَلَى مَنْ أَفْتَاهُ
✧ The Prophet ﷺ said: Whoever says on my authority what I did not say, let him take his seat in the Fire. And whoever his Muslim brother asks for advice and he advises him to something other than what is right has betrayed him. And whoever is given a legal opinion without certainty, its sin is upon the one who gave the opinion.