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العربية

Musnad al-Bazzar 230

✧ Abdullah b. Abbas from Umar

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حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدَةَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ خَلَّادٍ، وَاللَّفْظُ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَأَكْثَرُ كَلَامِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ لِأَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ خَلَّادٍ قَالَا: نَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:

كُنْتُ أُقْرِئُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ فِي آخِرِ خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ آخِرَ حَجَّةٍ حَجَّهَا وَنَحْنُ بِمِنًى أَتَانَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ فَقَالَ: لَوْ شَهِدْتَ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْيَوْمَ وَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ فُلَانًا يَقُولُ: لَوْ مَاتَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَبَايَعْنَا فُلَانًا، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: لَأَقُومَنَّ الْعَشِيَّةَ فِي النَّاسِ فَلَأُحَذِّرَنَّهُمْ هَؤُلَاءِ الرَّهْطَ الَّذِينَ يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يَغْتَصِبُوا النَّاسَ أُمُورَهُمْ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنَّ الْمَوْسِمَ يَجْمَعُ رَعَاعَ النَّاسِ وَهُمُ الَّذِينَ يَغْلِبُونَ عَلَى مَجْلِسِكَ فَلَوْ أَخَّرْتَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَقْدَمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَتَقُولَ مَا تَقُولُ وَأَنْتَ مُتَمَكِّنٌ فَيَعُونَهَا عَنْكَ وَيَضَعُونَهَا مَوْضِعَهَا، قَالَ: فَقَدِمْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ وَجَاءَتِ الْجُمُعَةُ وَذَكَرْتُ مَا حَدَّثَنِي بِهِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ فَهَجَّرْتُ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ فَوَجَدْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ قَدْ سَبَقَنِي بِالتَّهْجِيرِ فَجَلَسْتُ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ تَمَسُّ رُكْبَتِي رُكْبَتَهُ فَلَمَّا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَدَخَلَ عُمَرُ، قُلْتُ لِسَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ: لَيَقُولَنَّ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْيَوْمَ مَقَالَةً لَمْ تُقَلْ قَبْلَهُ، فَغَضِبَ سَعِيدٌ وَقَالَ: وَأَيُّ مَقَالَةٍ يَقُولُهَا لَمْ تُقَلْ قَبْلَهُ ؟ فَلَمَّا صَعِدَ عُمَرُ الْمِنْبَرَ أَخَذَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ فِي أَذَانِهِ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ قَامَ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ وَصَلَّى عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَقُولَ مَقَالَةً قَدْ قُدِّرَ لِي أَنْ أَقُولَهَا وَلَا أَدْرِي لَعَلَّهَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ أَجَلِي، فَمَنْ حَفِظَهَا وَوَعَاهَا فَلْيَتَحَدَّثْ بِهَا حَيْثُ انْتَهَتْ بِهِ رَاحِلَتُهُ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْفَظْهَا وَلَمْ يَعِهَا فَإِنِّي لَا أُحِلُّ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَكْذِبَ عَلَيَّ، إِنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى بَعَثَ مُحَمَّدًا وَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْكِتَابَ وَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ آيَةَ الرَّجْمِ أَلَا وَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَدْ رَجَمَ وَرَجَمْنَا بَعْدَهُ، أَلَا وَإِنِّي قَدْ خَشِيتُ أَنْ يَطُولَ بِالنَّاسِ الزَّمَانُ فَيَقُولُونَ: لَا نَعْرِفُ آيَةَ الرَّجْمِ فَيَضِلُّونَ بِتَرْكِ فَرِيضَةٍ أَنْزَلَهَا اللهُ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ -، أَلَا وَإِنَّ الرَّجْمَ حَقٌّ عَلَى مَنْ زَنَى وَكَانَ مُحْصَنًا وَقَامَتْ بَيِّنَةٌ أَوْ كَانَ حَمْلٌ أَوِ اعْتِرَافٌ، أَلَا وَإِنَّا كُنَّا نَقْرَأُ لَا تَرْغَبُوا عَنْ آبَائِكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ كُفْرٌ بِكُمْ أَنْ تَرْغَبُوا عَنْ آبَائِكُمْ، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: لَا تُطْرُونِي كَمَا أَطْرَتِ النَّصَارَى عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ فَإِنَّمَا أَنَا عَبْدُهُ، وَلَكِنْ قُولُوا: عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، أَلَا وَإِنَّهُ قَدْ كَانَ مِنْ خَبَرِنَا لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ تَخَلَّفَ عَنَّا عَلِيٌّ وَالْعَبَّاسُ، وَمَنْ مَعَهُمْ فِي بَيْتِ فَاطِمَةَ فَاجْتَمَعَتِ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَاجْتَمَعَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ فِي سَقِيفَةِ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ فَقُلْتُ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ: انْطَلِقْ بِنَا إِلَى إِخْوَانِنَا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَخَرَجْنَا فَلَقِينَا مِنْهُمْ رَجُلَيْنِ صَالِحَيْنِ. - قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: هُمَا عُوَيْمُ بْنُ سَاعِدَةَ وَمَعْنُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ - فَقَالَا: أَيْنَ تُرِيدُونَ يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ ؟ فَقُلْنَا: نُرِيدُ إِخْوَانَنَا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، فَقَالَ: أَمْهِلُوا حَتَّى تَقْضُوا أَمْرَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ فَقُلْنَا: لَنَأْتِيَنَّهُمْ، فَأَتَيْنَاهُمْ وَإِذَا هُمْ مُجْتَمِعُونَ فِي سَقِيفَةِ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ، وَإِذَا رَجُلٌ مُزَمَّلٌ فَقُلْتُ: مَنْ هَذَا ؟ قَالُوا: هَذَا سَعْدٌ، قُلْتُ: وَمَا شَأْنُهُ ؟ قَالُوا: وُعِكَ، وَقَامَ خَطِيبًا لِلْأَنْصَارِ فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُ قَدْ دَفَّ إِلَيْنَا مِنْكُمْ دَافَّةٌ يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ وَأَنْتُمْ إِخْوَانُنَا وَنَحْنُ كَتِيبَةُ الْإِسْلَامِ تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تَخْتَزِلُونَا وَتَخْتَصِمُونَ بِالْأَمْرِ أَوْ تَسْتَأْثِرُونَ بِالْأَمْرِ دُونَنَا، وَقَدْ كُنْتُ رَوَّيْتُ مَقَالَةً أَقُولُهَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ كَلَامِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَلَمَّا ذَهَبْتُ أَنْ أَتَكَلَّمَ بِهَا قَالَ لِي: عَلَى رِسْلِكَ فَوَاللهِ مَا تَرَكَ شَيْئًا مِمَّا أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَتَكَلَّمَ بِهِ إِلَّا جَاءَ بِهِ وَبِأَحْسَنَ مِنْهُ، فَقَالَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ مَهْمَا قُلْتُمْ مِنْ خَيْرٍ فِيكُمْ فَأَنْتُمْ لَهُ أَهْلٌ وَلَكِنَّ الْعَرَبَ لَا تَعْرِفُ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ إِلَّا لِهَذَا الْحَيِّ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، وَقَدْ رَضِيتُ لَكُمْ أَحَدَ هَذَيْنِ الرَّجُلَيْنِ فَبَايِعُوا أَيَّهُمَا شِئْتُمْ، وَأَخَذَ بِيَدِي وَبِيَدِ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ فَكُنْتُ لَأَنْ أُقَدَّمَ فَتُضْرَبَ عُنُقِي لَا يُقَرِّبُنِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ إِثْمٍ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَتَأَمَّرَ، أَوْ أَتَوَلَّى عَلَى قَوْمٍ فِيهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، فَقَامَ حُبَابُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ فَقَالَ: أَنَا جُذَيْلُهَا الْمُحَكَّكُ، وَعُذَيْقُهَا الْمُرَجَّبُ، مِنَّا أَمِيرٌ وَمِنْكُمْ أَمِيرٌ وَإِلَّا أَعَدْنَا الْحَرْبَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ جَذَعَةً، فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّهُ لَا يَصْلُحُ سَيْفَانِ فِي غِمْدٍ وَاحِدٍ وَلَكِنْ مِنَّا الْأُمَرَاءُ وَمِنْكُمُ الْوُزَرَاءُ، ابْسُطْ يَدَكَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ أُبَايِعْكَ، فَبَسَطَ يَدَهُ فَبَايَعْتُهُ وَبَايَعَهُ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ وَالْأَنْصَارُ وَارْتَفَعَتِ الْأَصْوَاتُ وَكَثُرَ اللَّغَطُ وَنَزَوْا عَلَى سَعْدٍ فَقَالُوا: قَتَلْتُمْ سَعْدًا، فَقُلْتُ: قَتَلَ اللهُ سَعْدًا فَمَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ بَيْعَةَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ كَانَتْ فَلْتَةً فَقَدْ كَانَتْ فَلْتَةً، وَلَكِنْ وَقَى اللهُ شَرَّهَا، فَمَنْ كَانَ فِيكُمْ تُمَدُّ الْأَعْنَاقُ إِلَيْهِ مِثْلَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ إِلَّا مَنْ بَايَعَ رَجُلًا مِنْ غَيْرِ مَشُورَةٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُبَايَعُ لَا هُوَ وَلَا مَنْ بُويِعَ لَهُ تَغِرَّةَ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. Aḥmad b. ʿAbdah And ʾAbū Bakr b. Khallād Wa-al-Lafẓ Liʾabī Bakr Waʾakthar Kalām Hadhā al-Ḥadīth Liʾabī Bakr b. Khallād
  2. Sufyān
  3. al-Zuhrī
  4. ʿUbaydullāh b. ʿAbdullāh b. ʿUtbah
  5. Ibn ʿAbbās

✧ I was teaching the Qur'an to 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf during the last caliphate of 'Umar, in his final Hajj, while we were at Mina. 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf came to us and said: "If only you had witnessed the Commander of the Faithful today: a man came to him and said, 'I heard so-and-so saying, "If the Commander of the Faithful were to die, we would pledge allegiance to so-and-so."' 'Umar said, 'I will stand before the people this evening and warn them against these groups who seek to snatch away the people's affairs.' I said, 'O Commander of the Faithful, the season gathers the rabble of the people, and it is they who will dominate your gathering. If you were to postpone this until you reach Madinah, then say what you wish with full authority, and they will understand it from you and put it in its proper place.'" He said: So we arrived in Madinah, and Friday came, and I remembered what 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf had told me, so I went early to the mosque. I found Sa'id b. Zayd b. 'Amr b. Nufayl had preceded me in arriving early, so I sat beside him, my knee touching his knee. When the sun declined and 'Umar entered, I said to Sa'id b. Zayd, "The Commander of the Faithful will surely say today a statement that has not been said before him." Sa'id became angry and said, "What statement could he say that has not been said before him?" When 'Umar ascended the pulpit, the mu'adhdhin began his call to prayer. When he finished, 'Umar stood, praised and extolled Allah, and invoked blessings upon the Prophet ﷺ, then said: "Now to the matter at hand. I intend to say a statement that has been decreed for me to say, and I do not know - perhaps it is before my appointed end. Whoever memorizes it and comprehends it, let him narrate it wherever his mount reaches him. And whoever does not memorize it or comprehend it, I do not permit anyone to lie about me. Allah, Blessed and Exalted, sent Muhammad and revealed to him the Book, and revealed to him the verse of stoning. Indeed, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stoned and we stoned after him. Indeed, I fear that time may pass over the people until they say, 'We do not know the verse of stoning,' and thus they go astray by abandoning an obligation that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, revealed. Indeed, stoning is true for one who commits fornication and is married, with evidence established, or pregnancy or confession. Indeed, we used to recite: Do not desire to be other than your fathers, for it is disbelief on your part to desire to be other than your fathers. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Do not praise me excessively as the Christians praised Jesus, son of Mary, for I am only His servant; but say: His servant and His messenger. Indeed, part of our story: when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died, 'Ali, al-'Abbas, and those with them stayed behind in the house of Fatimah, while the Muhajirun gathered to Abu Bakr and the Ansar gathered in the Saqifah of Banu Sa'idah. I said to Abu Bakr, 'Come with us to our brothers of the Ansar.' So we went out and met two righteous men from them. - Al-Zuhri said: They were 'Uwaym b. Sa'idah and Ma'n b. 'Adi. - They said, 'Where are you heading, O group of Quraysh?' We said, 'We want our brothers of the Ansar.' They said, 'Take your time until you settle your matter among yourselves.' We said, 'We will still go to them.' We came to them and found them gathered in the Saqifah of Banu Sa'idah, and there was a man wrapped in a cloak. I said, 'Who is this?' They said, 'This is Sa'd.' I said, 'What is wrong with him?' They said, 'He is ill.' A speaker from the Ansar stood up and said: 'Indeed, a company of you has come to us, O group of Quraysh, and you are our brothers, and we are the battalion of Islam. You want to exclude us or monopolize the matter without us.' I had composed a speech I intended to give before Abu Bakr spoke, but when I was about to speak, he said to me, 'Be patient.' By Allah, he did not leave anything I intended to say except that he said it, and better. He said: 'O group of Ansar, whatever good you say about yourselves, you are worthy of it, but the Arabs will not recognize this matter except for this clan of Quraysh. I am satisfied for you with one of these two men, so pledge allegiance to whichever of them you wish.' He took hold of my hand and the hand of Abu 'Ubaydah b. al-Jarrah. I would prefer to be brought forward and have my neck struck, with no sin on my part, than to be commander over a people among whom is Abu Bakr. Then Hubab b. al-Mundhir stood and said: 'I am its seasoned little palm tree of the tribe, its fruitful little date palm. From us a leader and from you a leader, otherwise we will renew the war between us and you like a new war.' I said: 'Two swords cannot fit in one scabbard; rather, from us the commanders, and from you the ministers. Stretch out your hand, O Abu Bakr, that I may pledge allegiance to you.' He stretched out his hand and I pledged allegiance to him, and the Muhajirun and Ansar pledged allegiance to him. Voices rose and clamor increased, and they trampled upon Sa'd. They said, 'You have killed Sa'd.' I said, 'May Allah kill Sa'd.' Whoever claims that the pledge to Abu Bakr was a hasty undertaking, it was indeed a hasty undertaking, but Allah averted its evil. Indeed, there is not among you one to whom necks are extended like Abu Bakr ؓ. Whoever pledges allegiance to a man without consultation of the Muslims, then neither he nor the one to whom allegiance was pledged is to be obeyed, for fear of being killed.

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