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العربية

Musnad al-Bazzar 10245

✧ Urwa b. al-Zubayr from Aisha

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حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ، قَالَ: / 130 - نَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، قَالَ: نَا أَصْبَغُ بْنُ فَرَجٍ، قَالَ: نَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ أَخْبَرَتْهُ:

أَنَّ النِّكَاحَ كَانَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَنْحَاءٍ: فَنِكَاحٌ مِنْهَا: نِكَاحُ النَّاسِ الْيَوْمَ، يَخْطُبُ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ الْمَرْأَةَ فَيُصْدِقُهَا ثُمَّ يَنْكِحُهَا. وَنِكَاحٌ آخَرُ: كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَقُولُ لِلْمَرْأَةِ إِذَا طَهُرَتْ مِنْ طَمْثِهَا: أَرْسِلِي إِلَى فُلَانٍ، وَيَعْتَزِلُهَا زَوْجُهَا فَلَا يَمَسُّهَا أَبَدًا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ حَمْلُهَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلِ، فَإِذَا تَبَيَّنَ حَمْلُهَا أَصَابَهَا زَوْجُهَا. وَإِنَّمَا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ مَخَافَةَ الْوَلَدِ فَكَانَ هَذَا يُسَمَّى " نِكَاحٌ ". وَنِكَاحٌ: يَجْتَمِعُ الرَّهْطُ فَيَدْخُلُونَ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ، كُلُّهُمْ يُصِيبُهَا، فَإِذَا حَمَلَتْ وَوَضَعَتْ وَمَرَّتْ لَيَالِي بَعْدَ أَنْ تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا أَرْسَلَتْ إِلَيْهِمْ فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ أَنْ يَمْتَنِعَ حَتَّى يَجْتَمِعُوا عِنْدَهَا، فَتَقُولُ لَهُمْ: قَدْ عَرَفْتُمُ الَّذِي كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِكُمْ وَقَدْ وَلَدْتُ، وَهُوَ ابْنُكَ أَوِ ابْنَتُكَ يَا فُلَانُ. فَتُسَمِّي مَنْ أَحَبَّتْ مِنْهُمْ بِاسْمِهِ فَيَصِيرُ وَلَدًا، فَيَتَقَبَّلُ ذَلِكَ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَمْتَنِعَ الرَّجُلُ. وَنِكَاحُ الرَّابِعِ: يَجْتَمِعُ النَّاسُ فَيَدْخُلُونَ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ لَا تَمْتَنِعُ مِمَّنْ جَاءَهَا - وَهُنَّ الْبَغَايَا، كُنَّ يَنْصِبْنَ عَلَى أَبْوَابِهِنَّ الرَّايَاتِ، فَمَنْ أَرَادَهُنَّ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِنَّ - فَإِذَا حَمَلَتْ إِحْدَاهُنَّ وَوَضَعَتْ حَمْلَهَا جُمِعُوا لَهَا الْقَافَةَ ثُمَّ أَلْحَقُوا الْوَلَدَ بِالَّذِي يَرَوْنَ، لَا يَمْتَنِعُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. فَلَمَّا بَعَثَ اللهُ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ بِالْحَقِّ هَدَمَ نِكَاحَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ إِلَّا نِكَاحَ الْإِسْلَامِ

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. Aḥmad
  2. 130
  3. Aḥmad b. Manṣūr
  4. Aṣbagh b. Faraj
  5. Ibn And Hb
  6. Yūnus
  7. al-Zuhrī
  8. ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr
  9. ʿĀʾishah

✧ Marriage in the pre-Islamic era was of four types. One of them was the marriage of people today: a man proposes to a man for a woman, gives her a dowry, then marries her. Another type: a man would say to his wife when she became pure from her menses, 'Send word to so-and-so,' and her husband would keep away from her and not touch her at all until her pregnancy from that man became clear; then when her pregnancy became clear, her husband would have intercourse with her. He did that only out of fear of [claiming] the child, and this was called 'marriage.' Another type: a group of men would gather and enter upon a woman, each of them having intercourse with her. When she became pregnant and gave birth, and some nights passed after she delivered, she would send for them, and none of them could refuse to come until they gathered at her place. She would say to them, 'You know what your affair was; I have given birth, and he is your son, or your daughter, O so-and-so,' naming whichever of them she wished by name, and the child would be attributed to that man, who could not refuse. The fourth type: many people would gather and enter upon a woman, and she would not refuse anyone who came to her — these were the prostitutes. They would set up flags at their doors, and whoever wanted them would enter upon them. When one of them became pregnant and gave birth, they would gather for her the physiognomists, then attach the child to the one they thought [was the father], without him being able to refuse. Then when God sent Muḥammad ﷺ with the truth, He abolished the marriages of the pre-Islamic era except the marriage of Islam.

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