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العربية

al-Sunan al-Kubra (al-Bayhaqi) 8045

✧ The Prohibition of Anticipating the Month of Ramadan by Fasting a Day or Two and the Prohibition of Fasting the Day of Doubt

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( وَأَخْبَرَنَا ) أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَنْبَأَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، ثَنَا حُسَيْنٌ، عَنْ زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ - ﷺ:

لَا تَقَدَّمُوا الشَّهْرَ بِصِيَامِ يَوْمٍ وَلَا يَوْمَيْنِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ شَيْئًا يَصُومُهُ أَحَدُكُمْ، وَلَا تَصُومُوا حَتَّى تَرَوْهُ، ثُمَّ صُومُوا حَتَّى تَرَوْهُ، فَإِنْ حَالَ دُونَهُ غَمَامَةٌ فَأَتِمُّوا الْعِدَّةَ ثَلَاثِينَ، ثُمَّ أَفْطِرُوا. الشَّهْرُ تِسْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. Abū ʿAlī al-Rūdhbārī Anbaʾ Muḥammad b. Bakr
  2. Abū Dāwud
  3. al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī
  4. Ḥusayn
  5. Zāʾidah
  6. Simāk
  7. ʿIkrimah
  8. Ibn ʿAbbās
  9. Rasūl Allāh ﷺ

Machine translation, not reviewed

Do not precede the month by fasting a day or two days, unless it is something one of you habitually fasts. And do not fast until you see it (the crescent), then fast until you see it. If clouds come between you and it, complete the count of thirty days, then break the fast. The month is twenty-nine days.

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What scholars said about it

In their own words, as Hadith Unlocked records them. They are shown, not summarised into a grade.

Other narrations of this report

Sunan Abi Dawud 2327Sunan an-Nasa'i 2127

Narrators

  1. ʿAbdullāh b. ʿAbbās
    One of the Companions who narrated most prolifically (mukthirūn).d. 65 AH, or 67 AH, or 68 AH, also said: 69 AH, also said: 70 AH; also said: 73 AH
    عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍأحد المكثرين من الصحابة
    عن
  2. ʿIkrimah mawlá Ibn ʿAbbās
    Trustworthy (thiqah), reliable (thabt), knowledgeable in Qurʾānic exegesis; the claim that Ibn ʿUmar called him a liar is not established, and no innovation is established from him.d. Ibn al-Madīnī said: 104 AH. Abū Saʿīd b. Yūnus and others said: 105 AH, and al-Haytham b. ʿAdī said, and Abū ʿUmar al-Ḍarīr: 106 AH. Abū Maʿshar al-Madanī and others said: 107 AH. Also reported from al-Haytham b. ʿAdī, and Abū al-Ḥasan al-Madāʾinī, and Yaḥyā b. Maʿīn: 115 AH. And that is a mistake
    عِكْرِمَةَثقة ثبت عالم بالتفسير ، لم يثبت تكذيبه عن ابن عمر ، ولا تثبت عنه بدعة
    عن
  3. Simāk b. Ḥarb al-Bakrī
    Truthful (ṣadūq); his narrations from ʿIkrimah in particular are inconsistent (muḍṭarib); he changed (taghayyara) towards the end of his life, and at times he would accept prompting (yulaqqan).d. 123 AH
    سِمَاكٍصدوق , وروايته عن عكرمة خاصة مضطربة , وقد تغير بأخرة ، فكان ربما يلقن
    عن
  4. Zāʾidah
    Trustworthy (thiqah), firmly reliable (thabt), a man of the Sunnah (ṣāḥib sunnah)d. 160 AH, or 161 AH, or 163 AH
    زَائِدَةَثقة ثبت ، صاحب سنة
    عن
  5. Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī
    trustworthy (thiqah), devout (ʿābid)d. 203 AH, or 204 AH
    حُسَيْنٌثقة عابد
    حدثنا
  6. al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī
    trustworthy (thiqah), a memorizer (ḥāfiẓ), who authored worksd. 242 AH, also said: 243 AH
    الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّثقة حافظ ، له تصانيف
    حدثنا
  7. Abū Dāwūd al-Sijistānī
    Trustworthy (thiqah), a memorizer (ḥāfiẓ), the compiler of the Sunan and other works, one of the senior scholars.d. 275 AH
    أَبُو دَاوُدَثقة ، حافظ , مصنف السنن وغيرها ، من كبار العلماء
    حدثنا
  8. Abū Bakr b. Dāsah
    d. 346 AH
    مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ
    أنبأ
  9. Abū ʿAlī al-Rūdhbārī
    d. 403 AH
    أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ
    أخبرنا
  10. al-Bayhaqī
    d. 458 AH
    البيهقي

Who each narrator was and how reliable, from hdith.com

Latin names and English verdicts with a dotted underline are machine translations, not reviewed.

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