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العربية

al-Sunan al-Kubra (al-Bayhaqi) 8044

✧ The Prohibition of Anticipating the Month of Ramadan by Fasting a Day or Two and the Prohibition of Fasting the Day of Doubt

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( أَخْبَرَنَا ) أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أَنْبَأَ أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، ثَنَا أَبُو الْأَزْهَرِ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ بَكْرٍ السَّهْمِيُّ، عَنْ حَاتِمٍ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي صَغِيرَةَ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، يَعْنِي ابْنَ حَرْبٍ، قَالَ:

دَخَلْتُ عَلَى عِكْرِمَةَ فِي يَوْمٍ وَقَدْ أُشْكِلَ عَلَيَّ أَمِنْ رَمَضَانَ هُوَ أَمْ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ، فَأَصْبَحْتُ صَائِمًا، فَقُلْتُ: إِنْ كَانَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ لَمْ يَسْبِقْنِي، وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ كَانَ تَطَوُّعًا. فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى عِكْرِمَةَ وَهُوَ يَأْكُلُ خُبْزًا وَبَقْلًا وَلَبَنًا، فَقَالَ: هَلُمَّ إِلَى الْغَدَاءِ، قُلْتُ: إِنِّي صَائِمٌ، فَقَالَ: أَحْلِفُ بِاللهِ لَتُفْطِرَنَّهُ، قُلْتُ: سُبْحَانَ اللهِ، قَالَ: أَحْلِفُ بِاللهِ لَتُفْطِرَنَّهْ. فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُهُ لَا يَسْتَثْنِي أَفْطَرْتُ، فَغَدَوْتُ بِبَعْضِ الشَّيْءِ وَأَنَا شَبْعَانُ، ثُمَّ قُلْتُ: هَاتِ، فَقَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: صُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ، وَأَفْطِرُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ، فَإِنْ حَالَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُ سَحَابَةٌ أَوْ غَيَابَةٌ فَأَكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ، وَلَا تَسْتَقْبِلُوا الشَّهْرَ اسْتِقْبَالًا لَا تَسْتَقْبِلُوا رَمَضَانَ بِيَوْمٍ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. Abū Ṭāhir al-Faqīh Anbaʾ Abū Ḥāmid b. Bilāl
  2. Abū al-Azhar
  3. ʿAbdullāh b. Bakr al-Sahmī
  4. Ḥātim
  5. Ibn Abū Ṣaghīrah
  6. Simāk / Ibn Ḥarb

Machine translation, not reviewed

I went in to ʿIkrimah on a day when I was unsure whether it was from Ramadan or from Shaʿbān, so I began the morning fasting. I said: If it is from Ramadan, I will not have missed it, and if it is from Shaʿbān, it will be a voluntary fast. Then I went in to ʿIkrimah while he was eating bread, greens and milk. He said: Come to the morning meal. I said: I am fasting. He said: I swear by God, you will break it. I said: Glory be to God. He said: I swear by God, you will break it. When I saw that he made no exception, I broke my fast. Then I went out in the morning with some food while I was full, and I said: Go on, tell me. He said: I heard Ibn ʿAbbās say: I heard the Messenger of God ﷺ say: Fast when you see it, and break your fast when you see it. If a cloud or a haze comes between you and it, then complete the count, and do not anticipate the month by anticipating it: do not anticipate Ramadan by a day of Shaʿbān.

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Other narrations of this report

Sahih al-Bukhari 1900Sahih al-Bukhari 1906Sahih al-Bukhari 1907Sahih Muslim 1080c

Narrators

  1. ʿAbdullāh b. ʿAbbās
    One of the Companions who narrated most prolifically (mukthirūn).d. 65 AH, or 67 AH, or 68 AH, also said: 69 AH, also said: 70 AH; also said: 73 AH
    عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍأحد المكثرين من الصحابة
    سمعت
  2. ʿIkrimah mawlá Ibn ʿAbbās
    Trustworthy (thiqah), reliable (thabt), knowledgeable in Qurʾānic exegesis; the claim that Ibn ʿUmar called him a liar is not established, and no innovation is established from him.d. Ibn al-Madīnī said: 104 AH. Abū Saʿīd b. Yūnus and others said: 105 AH, and al-Haytham b. ʿAdī said, and Abū ʿUmar al-Ḍarīr: 106 AH. Abū Maʿshar al-Madanī and others said: 107 AH. Also reported from al-Haytham b. ʿAdī, and Abū al-Ḥasan al-Madāʾinī, and Yaḥyā b. Maʿīn: 115 AH. And that is a mistake
    عكرمة مولى ابن عباسثقة ثبت عالم بالتفسير ، لم يثبت تكذيبه عن ابن عمر ، ولا تثبت عنه بدعة
    صريح في السماع
  3. Simāk b. Ḥarb al-Bakrī
    Truthful (ṣadūq); his narrations from ʿIkrimah in particular are inconsistent (muḍṭarib); he changed (taghayyara) towards the end of his life, and at times he would accept prompting (yulaqqan).d. 123 AH
    سِمَاكٍ ، يَعْنِي ابْنَ حَرْبٍصدوق , وروايته عن عكرمة خاصة مضطربة , وقد تغير بأخرة ، فكان ربما يلقن
    عن
  4. Ḥātim b. Abī Ṣaghīrah
    trustworthy (thiqah)d. between 141 AH and 150 AH
    حَاتِمٍ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي صَغِيرَةَثقة
    عن
  5. ʿAbdullāh b. Bakr
    trustworthy, a memorizer (thiqah ḥāfiẓ)d. 207 AH, or 208 AH
    عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ بَكْرٍ السَّهْمِيُّثقة حافظ
    حدثنا
  6. Abū al-Azhar
    Truthful (ṣadūq); he used to memorize, then he grew old, so his book became more reliable than his memory.d. 258 AH, or 261 AH, or 263 AH
    أَبُو الْأَزْهَرِصدوق ، كان يحفظ , ثم كبر فصار كتابه أثبت من حفظه
    حدثنا
  7. Abū Ḥāmid b. Bilāl
    d. 330 AH
    أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ بِلَالٍ
    أنبأ
  8. Abū Ṭāhir al-Faqīh
    d. 410 AH
    أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ
    أخبرنا
  9. al-Bayhaqī
    d. 458 AH
    البيهقي

Who each narrator was and how reliable, from hdith.com

Latin names and English verdicts with a dotted underline are machine translations, not reviewed.

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