Musannaf 'Abd al-Razzaq 9836
✧ The Battle of Banu al-Nadir
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عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ سَمِعَ عِكْرِمَةَ يَقُولُ:
مَكَثَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، مِنْهَا أَرْبَعٌ أَوْ خَمْسٌ يَدْعُو إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ سِرًّا، وَهُوَ خَائِفٌ حَتَّى بَعَثَ اللهُ عَلَى الرِّجَالِ الَّذِينَ أَنْزَلَ فِيهِمْ ﴿إِنَّا كَفَيْنَاكَ الْمُسْتَهْزِئِينَ ﴾﴿الَّذِينَ جَعَلُوا الْقُرْآنَ عِضِينَ ﴾وَالْعِضِينُ بِلِسَانِ قُرَيْشٍ: السِّحْرُ، يُقَالُ لِلسَّاحِرَةِ: عَاضِهَةٌ فَأَمَرَ بِعَدَاوَتِهِمْ، فَقَالَ: ﴿فَاصْدَعْ بِمَا تُؤْمَرُ وَأَعْرِضْ عَنِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ﴾ثُمَّ أُمِرَ بِالْخُرُوجِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَقَدِمَ فِي ثَمَانِ لَيَالٍ خَلَوْنَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ كَانَتْ وَقْعَةُ بَدْرٍ، فَفِيهِمْ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﴿وَإِذْ يَعِدُكُمُ اللهُ إِحْدَى الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ ﴾وَفِيهِمْ نَزَلَتْ ﴿سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ ﴾وَفِيهِمْ نَزَلَتْ ﴿حَتَّى إِذَا أَخَذْنَا مُتْرَفِيهِمْ بِالْعَذَابِ ﴾وَفِيهِمْ نَزَلَتْ ﴿لِيَقْطَعَ طَرَفًا مِنَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ﴾وَفِيهِمْ نَزَلَتْ ﴿لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنَ الأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ ﴾أَرَادَ اللهُ الْقَوْمَ، وَأَرَادَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْعِيرَ، وَفِيهِمْ نَزَلَتْ ﴿أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَتَ اللهِ كُفْرًا ﴾الْآيَةَ، وَفِيهِمْ نَزَلَتْ ﴿أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ ﴾الْآيَةَ، وَفِيهِمْ نَزَلَتْ ﴿قَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ آيَةٌ فِي فِئَتَيْنِ الْتَقَتَا ﴾فِي شَأْنِ الْعِيرِ ﴿وَالرَّكْبُ أَسْفَلَ مِنْكُمْ ﴾أَخَذُوا أَسْفَلَ الْوَادِي، هَذَا كُلُّهُ فِي أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ، وَكَانَتْ قَبْلَ بَدْرٍ بِشَهْرَيْنِ سَرِيَّةٌ، يَوْمَ قُتِلَ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ، ثُمَّ كَانَتْ أُحُدٌ، ثُمَّ يَوْمُ الْأَحْزَابِ بَعْدَ أُحُدٍ بِسَنَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ كَانَتِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةُ، وَهُوَ يَوْمُ الشَّجَرَةِ، فَصَالَحَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَى أَنْ يَعْتَمِرَ فِي عَامٍ قَابِلٍ فِي هَذَا الشَّهْرِ، فَفِيهَا أُنْزِلَتِ ﴿الشَّهْرُ الْحَرَامُ بِالشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ ﴾فَشَهْرُ عَامِ الْأَوَّلِ بِشَهْرِ الْعَامِ الثَّانِي فَكَانَتِ الْحُرُمَاتُ قِصَاصٌ، ثُمَّ كَانَتِ الْفَتْحُ بَعْدَ الْعُمْرَةِ، فَفِيهَا نَزَلَتْ ﴿حَتَّى إِذَا فَتَحْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ بَابًا ذَا عَذَابٍ شَدِيدٍ إِذَا هُمْ فِيهِ مُبْلِسُونَ ﴾وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ نَبِيَّ اللهِ ﷺ غَزَاهُمْ، وَلَمْ يَكُونُوا أَعَدُّوا لَهُ أُهْبَةَ الْقِتَالِ، وَلَقَدْ قُتِلَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ أَرْبَعَةُ رَهْطٍ، وَمِنْ حُلَفَائِهِمْ مِنْ بَنِي بَكْرٍ خَمْسُونَ أَوْ زِيَادَةٌ، وَفِيهِمْ نَزَلَتْ لَمَّا دَخَلُوا فِي دِينِ اللهِ ﴿وَهُوَ الَّذِي أَنْشَأَ لَكُمُ السَّمْعَ وَالأَبْصَارَ ﴾ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَى حُنَيْنٍ بَعْدَ عِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً، ثُمَّ إِلَى الطَّائِفِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، ثُمَّ أَمَّرَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ عَلَى الْحَجِّ ثُمَّ حَجَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْعَامَ الْمُقْبِلَ، ثُمَّ وَدَّعَ النَّاسَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فَتُوُفِّيَ فِي لَيْلَتَيْنِ خَلَتَا مِنْ شَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ، وَلَمَّا رَجَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مِنَ الْحَجِّ غَزَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ تَبُوكَ
Translation
✧ The Prophet ﷺ remained in Makkah for fifteen years, of which four or five he called to Islam secretly while he was afraid, until God sent against the men concerning whom He revealed: "Indeed, We are sufficient for you against the mockers"—"Who made the Qur'an into parts." Al-'idin in the tongue of Quraysh means magic; a sorceress is called 'adihah. Then He commanded enmity toward them and said: "Then declare what you are commanded and turn away from the polytheists." Then he was commanded to migrate to Madinah, and he arrived when eight nights had passed of the month of Rabi' al-Awwal. Then came the Battle of Badr. Concerning them, God revealed: "And remember when God promised you one of the two groups." Concerning them was revealed: "The gathering will be defeated." Concerning them was revealed: "Until when We seize their affluent ones with punishment." Concerning them was revealed: "That He might cut off a part of those who disbelieve." Concerning them was revealed: "Not for you is the decision." God intended the people, while the Messenger of God ﷺ intended the caravan. Concerning them was revealed: "Have you not seen those who exchanged the favor of God for disbelief"—the verse. Concerning them was revealed: "Have you not seen those who left their homes"—the verse. Concerning them was revealed: "There was certainly a sign for you in the two armies that met"—concerning the caravan—"and the caravan was below you"; they took the lower part of the valley. All of this was concerning the people of Badr. Two months before Badr there was a company, the day al-Hadrami was killed. Then came Uhud, then the Day of the Confederates, two years after Uhud. Then came al-Hudaybiyah, which is the Day of the Tree. The Prophet ﷺ made peace with them on condition that he would perform 'umrah the following year in that month. Concerning that was revealed: "The sacred month is for the sacred month." So the month of the first year corresponded to the month of the second year, and sacred things were subject to retribution. Then came the conquest after the 'umrah. Concerning that was revealed: "Until when We open upon them a door of severe punishment, immediately they will be therein in despair." That is because the Prophet of God ﷺ raided them, and they had not prepared for war. Four men of Quraysh were killed, and of their allies from Banu Bakr, fifty or more. Concerning them was revealed when they entered the religion of God: "And it is He who produced for you hearing and vision." Then he went out to Hunayn after twenty nights, then to al-Ta'if, then returned to Madinah. Then he appointed Abu Bakr over the Hajj, then the Messenger of God ﷺ performed Hajj the following year, then bade farewell to the people, then returned and passed away when two nights had passed of the month of Rabi'. When Abu Bakr returned from Hajj, the Messenger of God ﷺ raided Tabuk.
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