Musannaf 'Abd al-Razzaq 9835
✧ The Battle of Banu al-Nadir
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عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَنَّ كُفَّارَ قُرَيْشٍ كَتَبُوا إِلَى عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ ابْنِ السَّلُولِ، وَمَنْ كَانَ يَعْبُدُ الْأَوْثَانَ مِنَ الْأَوْسِ وَالْخَزْرَجِ، وَرَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، قَبْلَ وَقْعَةِ بَدْرٍ يَقُولُونَ: إِنَّكُمْ آوَيْتُمْ صَاحِبَنَا، وَإِنَّكُمْ أَكْثَرُ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ عَدَدًا، وَإِنَّا نُقْسِمُ بِاللهِ لَتَقْتُلُنَّهُ، أَوْ لَتُخْرِجُنَّهُ، أَوْ لِنَسْتَعِنْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْعَرَبَ، ثُمَّ لَنَسِيرَنَّ إِلَيْكُمْ بِأَجْمَعِنَا حَتَّى نَقْتُلَ مُقَاتِلَتَكُمْ، وَنَسْتَبِيحَ نِسَاءَكُمْ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ ابْنَ أُبَيٍّ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنْ عَبَدَةِ الْأَوْثَانِ تَرَاسَلُوا فَاجْتَمَعُوا، وَأَرْسَلُوا، وَأَجْمَعُوا لِقِتَالِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابِهِ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَلَقِيَهُمْ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ، فَقَالَ:
لَقَدْ بَلَغَ وَعِيدُ قُرَيْشٍ مِنْكُمُ الْمَبَالِغَ، مَا كَانَتْ لِتَكِيدَكُمْ بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تَكِيدُوا بِهِ أَنْفُسَكُمْ، فَأَنْتُمْ هَؤُلَاءِ تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تَقْتُلُوا أَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَإِخْوَانَكُمْ فَلَمَّا سَمِعُوا ذَلِكَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ تَفَرَّقُوا، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ كُفَّارَ قُرَيْشٍ، وَكَانَتْ وَقْعَةُ بَدْرٍ فَكَتَبَتْ كُفَّارُ قُرَيْشٍ بَعْدَ وَقْعَةِ بَدْرٍ إِلَى الْيَهُودِ: إِنَّكُمْ أَهْلُ الْحَلْقَةِ وَالْحُصُونِ، وَإِنَّكُمْ لَتُقَاتِلُنَّ صَاحِبَنَا، أَوْ لَنَفْعَلَنَّ كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَلَا يَحُولُ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ خَدَمِ نِسَائِكُمْ شَيْءٌ وَهُوَ الْخَلَاخِلُ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ كِتَابُهُمُ الْيَهُودَ أَجْمَعَتْ بَنُو النَّضِيرِ عَلَى الْغَدْرِ، فَأَرْسَلَتْ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ اخْرُجْ إِلَيْنَا فِي ثَلَاثِينَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِكَ، وَلْنَخْرُجْ فِي ثَلَاثِينَ حَبْرًا حَتَّى نَلْتَقِيَ فِي مَكَانِ كَذَا نَصَفٌ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ، فَيَسْمَعُوا مِنْكَ، فَإِنْ صَدَّقُوكَ وَآمَنُوا بِكَ، آمَنَّا كُلُّنَا، فَخَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي ثَلَاثِينَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ ثَلَاثُونَ حَبْرًا مِنْ يَهُودَ حَتَّى إِذَا بَرَزُوا فِي بِرَازٍ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ، قَالَ بَعْضُ الْيَهُودِ لِبَعْضٍ: كَيْفَ تَخْلُصُونَ إِلَيْهِ، وَمَعَهُ ثَلَاثُونَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ كُلُّهُمْ يُحِبُّ أَنْ يَمُوتَ قَبْلَهُ، فَأَرْسَلُوا إِلَيْهِ: كَيْفَ تَفْهَمُ وَنَفْهَمُ وَنَحْنُ سِتُّونَ رَجُلًا ؟ اخْرُجْ فِي ثَلَاثَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِكَ، وَيَخْرُجُ إِلَيْكَ ثَلَاثَةٌ مِنْ عُلَمَائِنَا، فَلْيَسْمَعُوا مِنْكَ، فَإِنْ آمَنُوا بِكَ آمَنَّا كُلُّنَا، وَصَدَّقْنَاكَ فَخَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي ثَلَاثَةِ نَفَرٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَاشْتَمَلُوا عَلَى الْخَنَاجِرِ، وَأَرَادُوا الْفَتْكَ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ، فَأَرْسَلَتِ امْرَأَةٌ نَاصِحَةٌ مِنْ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ إِلَى بَنِي أَخِيهَا، وَهُوَ رَجُلٌ مُسْلِمٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَأَخْبَرَتْهُ خَبَرَ مَا أَرَادَتْ بَنُو النَّضِيرِ مِنَ الْغَدْرِ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ، فَأَقْبَلَ أَخُوهَا سَرِيعًا، حَتَّى أَدْرَكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَسَارَّهُ بِخَبَرِهِمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَصِلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَرَجَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ مِنَ الْغَدِ، غَدَا عَلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِالْكَتَائِبِ فَحَاصَرَهُمْ، وَقَالَ لَهُمْ: إِنَّكُمْ لَا تَأْمَنُونَ عِنْدِي إِلَّا بِعَهْدٍ تُعَاهِدُونِي عَلَيْهِ، فَأَبَوْا أَنْ يُعْطُوهُ عَهْدًا، فَقَاتَلَهُمْ يَوْمَهُمْ ذَلِكَ هُوَ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ، ثُمَّ غَدَا الْغَدَ عَلَى بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ بِالْخَيْلِ وَالْكَتَائِبِ، وَتَرَكَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَدَعَاهُمْ إِلَى أَنْ يُعَاهِدُوهُ، فَعَاهَدُوهُ، فَانْصَرَفَ عَنْهُمْ وَغَدَا إِلَى بَنِي النَّضِيرِ بِالْكَتَائِبِ، فَقَاتَلَهُمْ حَتَّى نَزَلُوا عَلَى الْجَلَاءِ، وَعَلَى أَنَّ لَهُمْ مَا أَقَلَّتِ الْإِبِلُ إِلَّا الْحَلْقَةَ وَالْحَلْقَةُ: السِّلَاحُ، فَجَاءَتْ بَنُو النَّضِيرِ وَاحْتَمَلُوا مَا أَقَلَّتْ إِبِلٌ مِنْ أَمْتِعَتِهِمْ وَأَبْوَابِ بُيُوتِهِمْ وَخَشَبِهَا، فَكَانُوا يُخْرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُمْ، فَيَهْدِمُونَهَا فَيَحْمِلُونَ مَا وَافَقَهُمْ مِنْ خَشَبِهَا، وَكَانَ جَلَاؤُهُمْ ذَلِكَ أَوَّلَ حَشْرِ النَّاسِ إِلَى الشَّامِ وَكَانَ بَنُو النَّضِيرِ مِنْ سِبْطٍ مِنْ أَسْبَاطِ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، لَمْ يُصِبْهُمْ جَلَاءٌ مُنْذُ كَتَبَ اللهُ عَلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ الْجَلَاءَ، فَلِذَلِكَ أَجْلَاهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَوْلَا مَا كَتَبَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الْجَلَاءِ لَعَذَّبَهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا كَمَا عُذِّبَتْ بَنُو قُرَيْظَةَ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ: ﴿سَبَّحَ لِلهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الأَرْضِ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ ﴾حَتَّى بَلَغَ وَاللهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ وَكَانَتْ نَخْلُ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ خَاصَّةً فَأَعْطَاهَا اللهُ إِيَّاهَا وَخَصَّهُ بِهَا، فَقَالَ: وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلا رِكَابٍ يَقُولُ: بِغَيْرِ قِتَالٍ قَالَ: فَأَعْطَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَكْثَرَهَا لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَقَسَمَهَا بَيْنَهُمْ، وَلِرَجُلَيْنِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ كَانَا ذَوِي حَاجَةٍ، لَمْ يَقْسِمْ لِرَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ غَيْرِهِمَا، وَبَقِيَ مِنْهَا صَدَقَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي يَدِ بَنِي فَاطِمَةَ.
Translation
✧ The threat of Quraysh has reached great lengths against you. They could not scheme against you with more than you intend to scheme against yourselves. You are these ones who intend to kill your own sons and brothers. When they heard that from the Prophet ﷺ, they dispersed. That news reached the disbelievers of Quraysh. The Battle of Badr occurred, so the disbelievers of Quraysh wrote after the Battle of Badr to the Jews: 'You are the people of armor and fortresses, and you must fight our companion, or we will do such and such, and nothing will stand between us and the anklets of your women'—meaning their jewelry. When their letter reached the Jews, Banu al-Nadir resolved upon treachery. They sent to the Prophet ﷺ: 'Come out to us with thirty men of your companions, and we will come out with thirty rabbis until we meet at such-and-such a place, halfway between us and you, so they may listen to you. If they believe you and have faith in you, we will all believe.' The Prophet ﷺ went out with thirty of his companions, and thirty rabbis of the Jews came out to him. When they were out in open ground, some of the Jews said to others, 'How can you get to him when he has thirty men of his companions with him, each of whom loves to die before him?' So they sent to him: 'How can we understand each other when we are sixty men? Come out with three of your companions, and three of our scholars will come out to you, so they may listen to you. If they believe in you, we will all believe and accept you.' The Prophet ﷺ went out with three men of his companions, and they concealed daggers and intended to assassinate the Messenger of God ﷺ. A sincere woman from Banu al-Nadir sent word to her brother's son, a Muslim man from the Ansar, and told him what Banu al-Nadir intended of treachery against the Messenger of God ﷺ. Her brother came quickly until he caught up with the Prophet ﷺ and whispered their news to him before the Prophet ﷺ reached them. The Prophet ﷺ returned. The next day, the Messenger of God ﷺ came upon them with battalions and besieged them. He said to them, 'You will not be safe from me except with a covenant you make with me.' They refused to give him a covenant. He fought them that day, he and the Muslims. The next day, he went against Banu Qurayzah with cavalry and battalions, leaving Banu al-Nadir, and called them to make a covenant with him. They made a covenant, so he turned away from them and went against Banu al-Nadir with battalions. He fought them until they submitted to exile, on condition that they could take what the camels could carry except armor—armor meaning weapons. Banu al-Nadir came and loaded what their camels could carry of their goods, the doors of their houses, and their wood. They would demolish their houses and carry whatever wood suited them. That exile of theirs was the first gathering of people to Syria. Banu al-Nadir were from a tribe of the tribes of the Children of Israel that had never suffered exile since God decreed exile upon the Children of Israel. Therefore, the Messenger of God ﷺ exiled them. Had it not been for what God had decreed upon them of exile, He would have punished them in this world as Banu Qurayzah were punished. Then God revealed: "Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth exalts God, and He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise" until His saying "And God is over all things competent." The palm trees of Banu al-Nadir belonged exclusively to the Messenger of God ﷺ; God gave them to him and singled him out for them. He said: "And what God restored to His Messenger from them, you did not spur for it any horses or camels"—meaning without fighting. He said: The Prophet ﷺ gave most of them to the Emigrants and divided them among them, and to two men of the Ansar who were needy. He did not divide among any man of the Ansar besides them. The remainder of it was the charity of the Messenger of God ﷺ in the hands of the descendants of Fatimah.
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