Dalil
العربية

al-Mu'jam al-Kabir (al-Tabarani) 19559

✧ The story of Tayammum, and how it happened because of Aisha.

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حَدَّثَنَا سَلَمَةُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْعَرَبِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا سَافَرَ سَافَرَ بِبَعْضِ نِسَائِهِ وَيُقْسِمُ بَيْنَهُمْ فَسَافَرَ بِعَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَكَانَ لَهَا هَوْدَجٌ وَكَانَ الْهَوْدَجُ لَهُ رِجَالٌ يَحْمِلُونَهُ وَيَضَعُونَهُ فَعَرَّسَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابُهُ وَخَرَجَتْ عَائِشَةُ لِلْحَاجَةِ فَتَبَاعَدَتْ فَلَمْ يُعْلَمْ بِهَا فَاسْتَيْقَظَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَالنَّاسُ قَدِ ارْتَحَلُوا وَجَاءَ الَّذِينَ يَحْمِلُونَ الْهَوْدَجَ فَحَمَلُوهُ وَلَا يَعْلَمُونَ إِلَّا أَنَّهَا فِيهِ فَسَارُوا وَأَقْبَلَتْ عَائِشَةُ فَوَجَدَتْهُمْ قَدِ ارْتَحَلُوا فَجَلَسَتْ مَكَانَهَا فَاسْتَيْقَظَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ يُقَالُ لَهُ صَفْوَانُ بْنُ الْمُعَطَّلِ وَكَانَ لَا يَقْرَبُ النِّسَاءَ فَتَقَرَّبَ مِنْهَا وَكَانَ مَعَهُ بَعِيرٌ لَهُ فَلَمَّا رَآهَا حَمَلَهَا وَقَدْ كَانَ يَرَاهَا قَبْلَ الْحِجَابِ وَجَعَلَ يَقُودُ بِهَا الْبَعِيرَ حَتَّى أَتَوُا النَّاسَ وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَمَعَهُ عَائِشَةُ وَأَكْثَرُوا الْقَوْلَ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَشَقَّ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى اعْتَزَلَهَا وَاسْتَشَارَ فِيهَا زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ وَغَيْرَهُ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ دَعْهَا لَعَلَّ اللهَ أَنْ يُحَدِّثَ لَكَ فِيهَا فَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ النِّسَاءُ كَثِيرٌ فَحَمَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَيْهَا وَخَرَجَتْ عَائِشَةُ لَيْلَةً تَمْشِي فِي نِسَاءٍ فَعَثَرَتْ أُمُّ مِسْطَحٍ فَقَالَتْ تَعِسَ مِسْطَحٌ فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ بِئْسَ مَا قُلْتِ تَقُولِينَ هَذَا لِرَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ؟ فَقَالَتْ إِنَّكِ مَا تَدْرِينَ مَا يَقُولُونَ وَأَخْبَرَتْهَا الْخَبَرَ فَسَقَطَتْ عَائِشَةُ مَغْشِيًّا عَلَيْهَا ثُمَّ نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ بِعُذْرِهَا فِي سُورَةِ النُّورِ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ جَاءُوا بِالْإِفْكِ عُصْبَةٌ مِنْكُمْ} حَتَّى بَلَغَ {وَالَّذِي تَوَلَّى كِبْرَهُ مِنْهُمْ لَهُ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ} وَنَزَلَ {وَلَا يَأْتَلِ أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ} إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {وَاللهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ} وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يُعْطِي مِسْطَحًا وَيَبَرُّهُ وَيَصِلُهُ وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ أَكْثَرَ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ فَحَلَفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ لَا يُعْطِيَهُ شَيْئًا فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {أَلَا تُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللهُ لَكُمْ} فَأَمَرَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يَأْتِيَهَا وَيُبَشِّرَهَا فَجَاءَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَأَخْبَرَهَا بِعُذْرِهَا وَبِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ فَقَالَتْ لَا بِحَمْدِكَ وَلَا بِحَمْدِ صَاحِبِكَ

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. Salamah b. Ibrāhīm b. Ismāʿīl b. Yaḥyá b. Salamah b. Kuhayl from my father from his father from his grandfather
  2. Salamah b. Kuhayl
  3. al-Ḥasan al-ʿArabī
  4. Ibn ʿAbbās

✧ When the Prophet ﷺ traveled, he traveled with one of his wives and drew lots among them. He traveled with Aisha bt. Abi Bakr. She had a howdah, and the howdah had men who carried it and set it down. The Messenger of God ﷺ and his companions made a stop, and Aisha went out for a need and went far off, and no one noticed her. The Prophet ﷺ and the people woke up and had already departed. The men who carried the howdah came and carried it, thinking only that she was inside it, and they set off. Aisha came back and found that they had departed, so she sat in her place. A man from the Ansar called Safwan b. al-Mu'attal woke up; he did not approach women. He came near her, and he had a camel with him. When he saw her, he mounted her, and he had seen her before the veil. He led the camel with her until they reached the people, with the Prophet ﷺ and Aisha with him. They spoke much about it, and that reached the Prophet ﷺ, and it weighed heavily on him until he withdrew from her and consulted Zayd b. Thabit and others about her. He said, "O Messenger of God, leave her; perhaps God will bring about something for you concerning her." Ali b. Abi Talib said, "Women are many." The Prophet ﷺ then charged her, and Aisha went out one night walking among women, and Umm Mistah stumbled and said, "May Mistah perish." Aisha said, "How bad is what you have said! Do you say this about a man among the companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ?" She said, "You do not know what they are saying," and she told her the news. Aisha fell down unconscious. Then the Quran came down with her excuse in Surat al-Nur: {Indeed, those who brought the falsehood are a group among you} until it reached {and the one who took upon himself the greater part of it will have a great punishment}. And it came down: {And let not those of virtue among you swear} until His saying {and God is Forgiving, Merciful}. Abu Bakr used to give to Mistah and be kind to him and maintain ties with him, and he was one of those who spoke much against Aisha. Abu Bakr swore that he would not give him anything. Then this verse came down: {Do you not love that God should forgive you?} The Prophet ﷺ commanded him to go to her and give her good news. Abu Bakr came and told her of her excuse and what God had sent down. She said, "No, by your praise, nor by the praise of your companion."

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