al-Mu'jam al-Kabir (al-Tabarani) 13023
Ibn Masud ᴿᴬ
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حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ
فِي قَوْلِهِ {الَّذِينَ يَجْتَنِبُونَ كَبَائِرَ الْإِثْمِ وَالْفَوَاحِشَ} قَالَ أَكْبَرُ الْكَبَائِرِ الْإِشْرَاكُ بِاللهِ لِأَنَّ اللهَ قَالَ {مَنْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللهِ فَقَدْ حَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ} وَالْيَأْسُ مِنْ رَوْحِ اللهِ قَالَ اللهُ {لَا يَيْأَسُ مِنْ رَوْحِ اللهِ إِلَّا الْقَوْمُ الْكَافِرُونَ} وَالْآخِرَةُ مِنْ مَكْرِ اللهِ لِأَنَّ اللهَ ﷻ يَقُولُ {لَا يَأْمَنُ مَكْرَ اللهِ إِلَّا الْقَوْمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ} وَمِنْهَا عُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ لِأَنَّ اللهَ ﷻ جَعَلَ الْعَاقَّ جَبَّارًا شَقِيًّا وَقَتْلُ النَّفْسِ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ لِأَنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى يَقُولُ {فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ} الْآيَةَ وَقَذْفُ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ لِأَنَّ اللهَ جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ يَقُولُ {لُعِنُوا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ} وَأَكْلُ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ لِأَنَّ اللهَ ﷻ يَقُولُ {إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ نَارًا وَسَيَصْلَوْنَ سَعِيرًا} وَالْفِرَارُ مِنَ الزَّحْفِ لِأَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ {وَمَنْ يُوَلِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ دُبُرَهُ إِلَّا مُتَحَرِّفًا لِقِتَالٍ أَوْ مُتَحَيِّزًا إِلَى فِئَةٍ فَقَدْ بَاءَ بِغَضَبٍ مِنَ اللهِ وَمَأْوَاهُ جَهَنَّمُ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ} وَأَكْلُ الرِّبَا لِأَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ {الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونُ الرِّبَا لَا يَقُومُونَ إِلَّا كَمَا يَقُومُ الَّذِي يَتَخَبَّطُهُ} الشَّيْطَانُ مِنَ الْمَسِّ وَالسِّحْرُ لِأَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ {وَلَقَدْ عَلِمُوا لِمَنِ اشْتَرَاهُ مَا لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلَاقٍ} وَالزِّنَا لِأَنَّ اللهَ يَقُولُ {يَلْقَ أَثَامًا} يُضَاعَفْ لَهُ الْعَذَابُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَيَخْلُدْ فِيهِ مُهَانًا وَالْيَمِينُ الْغَمُوسُ الْفَاجِرَةُ لِأَنَّ اللهَ يَقُولُ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا} الْآيَةَ وَالْغُلُولُ لِأَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ {وَمَنْ يَغْلُلْ} يَأْتِ بِمَا غَلَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَمَنْعُ الزَّكَاةِ الْمَفْرُوضَةِ لِأَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى قَالَ {فَتُكْوَى بِهَا جِبَاهُهُمْ وَجُنُوبُهُمْ وَظُهُورُهُمْ} وَشَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ لِأَنَّ اللهَ ﷻ يَقُولُ {وَمَنْ يَكْتُمْهَا فَإِنَّهُ آثِمٌ} قَلْبُهُ وَشُرْبُ الْخَمْرِ لِأَنَّ اللهَ ﷻ عَدَلَ بِهَا الْأَوْثَانَ وَتَرْكُ الصَّلَاةِ مُتَعَمِّدًا أَوْ شَيْئًا مِمَّا فَرَضَ اللهُ لِأَنَّ الرَّسُولَ ﷺ يَقُولُ «مَنْ تَرَكَ الصَّلَاةَ مُتَعَمِّدًا فَقَدْ بَرِئَتْ مِنْهُ ذِمَّةُ اللهِ وَذِمَّةُ رَسُولِهِ» وَنَقْضُ الْعَهْدِ وَقَطِيعَةُ الرَّحِمِ
Translation
Chain of narrators
- Bakr b. Sahl
- ʿAbdullāh b. Ṣāliḥ
- Muʿāwiyah b. Ṣāliḥ
- ʿAlī b. Abū Ṭalḥah
- Ibn ʿAbbās
✧ Regarding His saying {Those who avoid the major sins and immoralities}, he said: the greatest of major sins is associating partners with God, for God says {Whoever associates partners with God, God has forbidden Paradise to him}; and despairing of the mercy of God, for God says {No one despairs of the mercy of God except the disbelieving people}; and feeling secure from the plan of God, for God ﷻ says {No one feels secure from the plan of God except the losing people}. Among them is disobedience to parents, for God ﷻ made the disobedient a tyrannical wretch; killing the soul that God has forbidden except by right, for God, Blessed and Exalted, says {His recompense is Hell} the verse; slandering chaste women, for God, exalted is His mention, says {They are cursed in this world and the Hereafter, and for them is a great punishment}; consuming the orphan’s property, for God ﷻ says {They only consume fire in their bellies, and they will burn in a blaze}; fleeing from battle, for God, Exalted, says {Whoever turns his back to them that day—unless swerving to fight or withdrawing to a company—has incurred wrath from God, and his abode is Hell, and wretched is the destination}; consuming usury, for God, Exalted, says {Those who consume usury do not stand except as one whom Satan has confounded by touch}; magic, for God, Exalted, says {And they certainly knew that whoever bought it would have no share in the Hereafter}; fornication, for God says {He will meet a penalty}—the punishment will be multiplied for him on the Day of Resurrection and he will abide therein humiliated; the false, sinful oath, for God says {Those who purchase with the covenant of God and their oaths a small price} the verse; embezzlement, for God, Exalted, says {Whoever embezzles} will bring what he embezzled on the Day of Resurrection; withholding the obligatory zakat, for God, Exalted, says {Their foreheads, sides, and backs will be branded with it}; false testimony, for God ﷻ says {Whoever conceals it, his heart is sinful}; drinking wine, for God ﷻ equated it with idols; deliberately abandoning prayer or anything God has obligated, for the Messenger ﷺ says, “Whoever deliberately abandons prayer has freed himself from the protection of God and His Messenger”; breaking covenants; and severing ties of kinship.
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