Jami' al-Saghir / Jam' al-Jawami' (al-Suyuti) 2-1293b
"عن عبيدِ الله بنِ عبد الله بن عتبة بن مسعودٍ قَال: دخلتُ أنَا وزُفَرُ بنُ أوسِ بن الحَدثانِ على ابن عباسٍ بعدمَا ذَهَبَ بصرُهُ، فتذاكَرْنَا فرائضَ الميراثِ، فقَال: تَرَوْنَ الذى أَحْصَى رَمْلَ عالَجٍ عددًا، لم يُحْصِ في مالٍ نصفًا ونصفًا وثلثًا، إذَا ذَهَبَ نصفٌ ونصفٌ، فأين موضعُ الثلث؟ فقالَ له زُفَر: يا بن عباسٍ! من أَوَّلُ من أعَالَ الفرائضَ؟ قالَ: عمرُ بن الخطابِ، قَال: وَلِمَ؟ قال: لمَّا تدافعتْ عليهِ ورَكِبَ بعضُهَا بعضًا، قالَ: والله ما أدرِي كيفَ أصنعُ بِكُمْ؟ ما أَدْرِى أَيَّكُمْ قَدَّمَ الله؟ ولَا أَيَّكُمْ أَخَّرَ؟ وَقَالَ: وما أَجِدُ في هَذَا المال شيئًا أحسنَ من أَنْ أَقْسِمَهُ عليكم بالحِصَصِ، ثم قالَ ابنُ عباسٍ: وَايْمُ الله لَوْ قَدَّمَ من قدَّم الله، وأَخَّرَ من أخَّرَ الله مَا عَالتْ فَرِيضَةٌ، فقالَ له زُفَرُ: وأيُّهُمْ قدَّمَ وأيُّهم أَخَّر؟ فقالَ: كُل فريضةٍ لَا تزول إِلَّا إِلَى فريضةٍ، فتِلْكَ التِى قدَّمَ الله وتلكَ فريضة الزوجِ، لهُ النصفُ فإنْ زَالَ فإِلَى الرُّبعِ لا ينقصُ منهُ، والمرأةُ لها الربعُ، فإِنْ زالتْ عنهُ صارتْ إِلى الثُّمُنِ لا يُنْقَصُ منهُ، والأخواتُ لهنَّ الثُّلثانِ، والواحدةُ لها النصفُ فإنْ دَخَلَ عليهنَّ البناتُ كان لهنُّ مَا بقِى، فهؤلاءِ الذينَ أَخَّرَ الله، فلوْ أَعْطَى من قدَّمَ الله فريضةً كاملةً، ثم قَسَّمَ مَا بقِى بينَ منْ أخَّرَ الله بِالْحصَصِ مَا عَالَتْ فريضةٌ، فقَال لَهُ زُفَرُ: فما مَنَعكَ أَنْ تُشِيرَ بهَذا الرأىِ عَلَى عمرَ فقَال: هِبْتُهُ: قالَ الزُّهَرِى: وَايمُ الله لولَا أنَّهُ تَقَدَّمَهُ إمَامُ هُدًى كان أمُرهُ على الورَعِ ما اختلفَ علَى ابنِ عباسٍ اثنانِ من أهلِ العلمِ".
Translation
Chain of narrators
- ʿByd Allāh b. ʿBd Allāh b. ʿTbh b. Msʿwd
Machine translation, not reviewed
"On the authority of 'Ubaydullah ibn 'Abdullah ibn 'Utbah ibn Mas'ud, who said: 'Zufar ibn Aws ibn al-Hadthan and I entered upon Ibn 'Abbas after his sight had gone, and we discussed the shares of inheritance. He said: 'Do you think that He who counted the grains of sand of 'Aalij numerically did not count in a property a half, and a half, and a third? When a half and a half have gone, where is the place of the third?' Zufar said to him: 'O Ibn 'Abbas, who was the first to increase the fara'id?' He said: ''Umar ibn al-Khattab.' He said: 'And why?' He said: 'When they pressed upon him and rode over one another, he said: By Allah, I do not know how to deal with you. I do not know which of you Allah put first, nor which of you He put last. And he said: I find nothing in this property better than dividing it among you by shares.' Then Ibn 'Abbas said: 'By Allah, if he whom Allah put first had been put first, and he whom Allah put last had been put last, no share would have been increased.' Zufar said: 'And which of them did He put first, and which did He put last?' He said: 'Every share that does not pass except to another share: those are the ones Allah put first. These are the husband's share, who has a half, and if it passes from him, it goes to a quarter, which is not reduced. The wife has a quarter, and if it passes from her, it becomes an eighth, which is not reduced. The sisters have two-thirds, and the single one has a half. If daughters enter upon them, they have what remains. These are the ones Allah put last. If He had given those whom Allah put first their complete share, then divided what remained among those whom Allah put last by shares, no share would have been increased.' Zufar said to him: 'What prevented you from advising 'Umar with this opinion?' He said: 'I stood in awe of him.' Al-Zuhri said: 'By Allah, had there not preceded him an imam of guidance, his affair, in caution, would not have been disputed by two people of knowledge concerning Ibn 'Abbas.''"
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Notes
أبو الشيخ في الفرائض، [ق] البيهقى في السنن
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