Shu'ab al-Iman (al-Bayhaqi) 30
✧ The increase and decrease of faith, and believers’ differing degrees of faith
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ الْعَتَكِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الشَّعْرَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مَالِكٌ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَدِيبُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حدثنا هَارُونُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْأَيْلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ يَحْيَى الْمَازِنِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ،
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ: " يُدْخِلُ اللهُ أَهْلَ الْجَنَّةِ الْجَنَّةَ، وَيُدْخِلُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ بِرَحْمَتِهِ، وَيُدْخِلُ أَهْلَ النَّارِ النَّارَ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: انْظُرُوا مَنْ وَجَدْتُمْ فِي قَلْبِهِ مِثْقَالَ حَبَّةِ خَرْدَلٍ مِنْ إِيمَانٍ فَأَخْرِجُوهُ، فَيُخْرَجُونَ مِنْهَا حُمَمًا قَدِ امْتُحِشُوا، وَيُلْقَوْنَ فِي نَهَرِ الْحَيَاةِ أَوِ الْحَيَا فَيَنْبُتُونَ فِيهِ كَمَا تَنْبُتُ الْحِبَّةُ إِلَى جَانِبِ السَّيْلِ أَلَمْ تَرَوْهَا تَخْرُجُ صَفْرَاءَ مُلْتَوِيَةً "، هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ
Translation
Chain of narrators
machine translationAbū ʿAbdillāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us, Abū Manṣūr Muḥammad b. al-Qāsim al-ʿAtakī informed us, al-Faḍl b. Muḥammad al-Shaʿrānī informed us, Ismāʿīl b. Abī Uways informed us, Mālik narrated to me; (change of chain) and Abū ʿAmr Muḥammad b. ʿAbdillāh al-Adīb informed us, Abū Bakr al-Ismāʿīlī informed us, al-Ḥasan b. Sufyān informed me, Hārūn b. Saʿīd al-Aylī narrated to us, ʿAbdullāh b. Wahb narrated to us, Mālik narrated to me, from ʿAmr b. Yaḥyā al-Māzinī, my father informed me, from Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī,
Machine translation, not reviewed
That the Messenger of God ﷺ said: "God will admit the people of Paradise into Paradise, and He admits whom He wills by His mercy, and He will admit the people of the Fire into the Fire. Then He will say: Look for whoever you find with the weight of a mustard seed of faith in his heart, and bring him out. So they will be brought out of it as burnt black coals, and they will be thrown into the river of life, or al-ḥayā, and they will sprout in it as a seed sprouts beside the torrent. Have you not seen how it comes out yellow and twisted?" This is the wording of the hadith of Ibn Wahb.
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Notes
رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ الْحَلِيمِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ تَعَالَى: " وَوَجْهُ هَذَا أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي قَلْبٍ وَاحِدٍ تَوْحِيدٌ لَيْسَ مَعَهُ خَوْفٌ غَالِبٌ عَلَى الْقَلْبِ فَيُرْدَعَ وَلَا رَجَاءَ حَاضِرٌ لَهُ، فَيَطْمَعَ بَلْ يَكُونُ صَاحِبُهُ سَاهِيًا قَدْ أَذْهَلَتْهُ الدُّنْيَا عَنِ الْآخِرَةِ، فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ بِهَذِهِ الصِّفَةِ انْفَرَدَ التَّوْحِيدُ فِي قَلْبِهِ عَنْ قَرَائِنِهِ الَّتِي لَوْ كَانَتْ لَكَانَتْ أَبْوَابًا مِنَ الْإِيمَانِ تَتَكَثَّرُ بِالتَّوْحِيدِ، وَيَتَكَثَّرُ التَّوْحِيدُ بِهَا إِذْ كَانَتْ تَصْدِيقًا وَالتَّصْدِيقُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ وَاحِدٍ أَضْعَفُ مِنَ التَّصْدِيقِ مِنْ وُجُوهٍ كَثِيرَةٍ، فَإِذَا كَانَت كَذَلِكَ خَفَّ وَزْنُهُ، وَإِذَا تَتَابَعَتْ شَهَادَاتُهُ ثَقُلَ وَزْنُهُ، وَلَهُ وَجْهٌ آخَرُ وَهُوَ أَنْ يَكُونَ إِيمَانُ وَاحِدُ فِي أَدْنَى مَرَاتِبِ الْيَقِينِ حَتَّى إِنْ شُكِّكَ يُشَكَّكُ، وَإِيمَان آخَرُ فِي أَقْصَى غَايَاتِ الْيَقِينِ، فَهَذَا يَثْقُلُ وَزْنُهُ وَالْأَوَّلُ يَخِفُّ وَزْنُهُ، وَلَهُ وَجْهٌ آخَرُ وَهُوَ أَنْ يَكُونَ إِيمَانٌ وَاحِدٌ نَاشِئًا عَنِ اسْتِدْلَالٍ قَوِيٍّ وَنَظَرٍ كَامِلٍ، وَإِيمَانٌ آخَرُ وَاقِعٌ عَنِ الْخَبَرِ وَالرُّكُونِ إِلَى الْمُخْبَرِ بِهِ عَلَى مَا نَذْكُرُهُ، فَيَكُونُ الْأَوَّلُ أَثْقَلَ وَزْنًا، وَالثَّانِي أَخَفَّ وَزْنًا، وَهَذَا الْخَبَرُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى تَفَاوُتِ النَّاسِ فِي إِيمَانِهِمْ " قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ - رَحِمَهُ اللهُ تَعَالَى - وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ بُزُرْجٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: " مَا أَخَافُ عَلَى أُمَّتِي إِلَّا ضَعْفَ الْيَقِينِ "
machine translationAl-Bukhārī narrated it in the Ṣaḥīḥ, from Ibn Abī Uways, and Muslim narrated it from Hārūn b. Saʿīd. Al-Ḥalīmī, may God Most High have mercy on him, said: "The explanation of this is that there may be in one heart a monotheism (tawḥīd) which is not accompanied by a fear that dominates the heart and restrains it, nor by a present hope that makes it aspire. Rather its owner is heedless, the world having distracted him from the Hereafter. When he is in this state, the monotheism in his heart stands alone, apart from its companions, which, had they been present, would have been branches of faith that multiply with monotheism, and monotheism multiplies with them, since they are affirmations of belief, and affirmation from one angle is weaker than affirmation from many angles. When it is so, its weight is light, and when its testimonies follow one upon another, its weight becomes heavy. There is another explanation: that one person's faith is at the lowest levels of certainty, such that if he is made to doubt, he doubts, while another person's faith is at the furthest limits of certainty. The latter's weight is heavy and the former's is light. There is yet another explanation: that one person's faith arises from strong inference and complete reflection, while another's faith comes from report and reliance on the one who reports, as we shall mention. The first is heavier in weight and the second lighter. This report indicates the differences among people in their faith." The Imam Aḥmad, may God Most High have mercy on him, said: It has been narrated from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Buzurj who said: I heard Abū Hurayrah say: The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "I fear nothing for my nation except weakness of certainty."
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