Shu'ab al-Iman (al-Bayhaqi) 2147
✧ The virtues of surahs and verses
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ الزَّاهِدُ قِرَاءَةً عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَصْلِ كِتَابِهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدَآبَاذِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُوسَى الطُّرَيْثِيثِي، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُقَاتِلُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ مُزَاحِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ،
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: " إِنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ قَدْ أَنْزَلَ عَلَيَّ سُورَةً لَمْ يُنْزِلْهَا عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَالرُّسُلِ قَبْلِي " قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: " قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى: قَسَمْتُ الصَّلَاةَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ عِبَادِي فَاتِحَةُ الْكِتَابِ جَعَلْتُ نِصْفَهَا لِي وَنِصْفَهَا لَهُمْ، وَآيَةٌ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُمْ، فَإِذَا قَالَ الْعَبْدُ: {بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ} [الفاتحة: 1] قَالَ: اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: عَبْدِي دَعَانِي بِاسْمَيْنِ رَقِيقَيْنِ، أَحَدُهُمَا أَرَقُّ مِنَ الْآخَرِ، فَالرَّحِيمُ أَرَقُّ مِنَ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَكِلَاهُمَا رَقِيقَانِ، فَإِذَا قَالَ: {الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ} [الفاتحة: 2] قَالَ: شكَرَنِي عَبْدِي وَحَمِدَنِي، فَإِذَا قَالَ: {رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ} [الفاتحة: 2] قَالَ اللهُ: شَهِدَ عَبْدِي أَنِّي رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ يَعْنِي رَبَّ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالشَّيَاطِينِ وَسَائِرِ الْخَلْقِ وَرَبَّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَخَالِقَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، فَإِذَا قَالَ: {الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ} [الفاتحة: 1] قَالَ: مَجَّدَنِي عَبْدِي، فَإِذَا قَالَ: {مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ} يَعْنِي بِيَوْمِ الدِّينِ يَوْمَ الْحِسَابِ قَالَ اللهُ: شَهِدَ عَبْدِي أَنَّهُ لَا مَالِكَ لِيَوْمِ الْحِسَابِ أَحَدٌ غَيْرِي، وَإِذَا قَالَ: {مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ} فَقَدْ أَثْنَى عَلَيَّ عَبْدِي، {إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ} [الفاتحة: 5] يَعْنِي اللهَ أَعْبُدُ وَأُوَحِّدُ {وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ} [الفاتحة: 5] قَالَ اللهُ: هَذَا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ عَبْدِي {إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ} [الفاتحة: 5] فَهَذِهِ لِي {وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ} [الفاتحة: 5] فَهَذِهِ لَهُ وَلِعَبْدِي مَا سَأَلَ، بَقِيَّةُ هَذِهِ السُّورَةِ، {اهْدِنَا} [الفاتحة: 6]: أَرْشِدْنَا {الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ} [الفاتحة: 6] يَعْنِي دِينَ الْإِسْلَامِ لِأَنَّ كُلَّ دِينٍ غَيْرَ الْإِسْلَامِ فَلَيْسَ بِمُسْتَقِيمٍ، الَّذِي لَيْسَ فِيهِ التَّوْحِيدُ {صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ} [الفاتحة: 7] يَعْنِي بِهِ النَّبِيَّيِّنَ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْإِسْلَامِ وَالنُّبُوَّةِ {غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ} [الفاتحة: 7] يَقُولُ: أَرْشِدْنَا غَيْرَ دِينِ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ غَضِبْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَهُمُ الْيَهُودُ {وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ} [الفاتحة: 7] وَهُمُ النَّصَارَى أَضَلَّهُمُ اللهُ بَعْدَ الْهُدَى بِمَعْصِيَتِهِمْ غَضِبَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَجَعَلَ مِنْهُمُ الْقِرَدَةَ وَالْخَنَازِيرَ، وَعَبَدَةَ الطَّاغُوتِ يَعْنِي الشَّيْطَانَ أُولَئِكَ شَرٌّ مَكَانًا فِي الدُّنْيَا الْآخِرَةِ يَعْنِي شَرًّا مَنْزِلًا مِنَ النَّارِ، وَأَضَلُّ عَنْ سَوَاءِ السَّبِيلِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَعْنِي أَضَلَّ عَنْ قَصْدِ السَّبِيلِ الْمَهْدِيِّ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ " قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: " فَإِذَا قَالَ الْإِمَامُ: {وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ} [الفاتحة: 7] فَقُولُوا: آمِينَ يُجِبْكُمُ اللهُ " قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: " قَالَ لِي: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، هَذِهِ نَجَاتُكَ وَنَجَاةُ أُمَّتِكَ وَمَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ عَلَى دِينِكَ مِنَ النَّارِ " وَقَوْلُهُ " رَقِيقَانِ " قِيلَ: هَذَا تَصْحِيفٌ وَقَعَ فِي الْأَصْلِ، وَإِنَّمَا هُمَا رَفِيقَانِ وَالرَّفِيقُ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللهِ تَعَالَى
Translation
Chain of narrators
machine translationAbū ʿAbdillāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū al-ʿAbbās ʿUbaydullāh b. Muḥammad b. Nāfiʿ al-Zāhid informed me, by reading to him from the original of his book: Abū Zakariyyā narrated to us: Yaḥyā b. Muḥammadābādhī narrated to us: ʿĪsā b. Muḥammad b. Mūsā al-Ṭuraythīthī narrated to us: Abū Naṣr narrated to us: Muqātil b. Sulaymān narrated to us, from al-Ḍaḥḥāk b. Muzāḥim, from Ibn ʿAbbās,
Machine translation, not reviewed
From the Prophet ﷺ, who said: "Indeed God, Mighty and Majestic, has sent down to me a sūrah that He did not send down to any of the prophets and messengers before me." The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "God Almighty said: I have divided the prayer between Me and My servants. The Opening of the Book: I made half of it for Me and half of it for them, and one verse is between Me and them. So when the servant says: {بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ} [al-Fātiḥah: 1], God, Mighty and Majestic, says: My servant has called upon Me with two gentle names, one of which is gentler than the other. Al-Raḥīm is gentler than al-Raḥmān, and both are gentle. When he says: {الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ} [al-Fātiḥah: 2], He says: My servant has thanked Me and praised Me. When he says: {رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ} [al-Fātiḥah: 2], God says: My servant has testified that I am the Lord of the worlds, meaning the Lord of the jinn, mankind, angels, devils and all creation, the Lord of everything and the Creator of everything. When he says: {الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ} [al-Fātiḥah: 1], He says: My servant has glorified Me. When he says: {مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ}, meaning by the Day of Judgement the Day of Reckoning, God says: My servant has testified that no one other than Me is the Master of the Day of Reckoning. And when he says: {مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ}, My servant has extolled Me. {إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ} [al-Fātiḥah: 5], meaning: God I worship and declare to be One, {وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ} [al-Fātiḥah: 5], God says: This is between Me and My servant. {إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ} [al-Fātiḥah: 5] is for Me, and {وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ} [al-Fātiḥah: 5] is for him, and My servant will have what he asks. The remainder of this sūrah: {اهْدِنَا} [al-Fātiḥah: 6]: guide us, {الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ} [al-Fātiḥah: 6], meaning the religion of Islam, for every religion other than Islam is not straight, as it has no tawḥīd in it. {صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ} [al-Fātiḥah: 7], meaning by it the prophets and the believers upon whom God bestowed favour with Islam and prophethood. {غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ} [al-Fātiḥah: 7], He says: guide us to other than the religion of those with whom You are angry, and they are the Jews. {وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ} [al-Fātiḥah: 7], and they are the Christians, whom God led astray after guidance because of their disobedience. God became angry with them and made apes and pigs of some of them, and worshippers of the Ṭāghūt, meaning Satan. Those are worse in position in this world and the Hereafter, meaning worse in station in the Fire, and further astray from the right path than the believers, meaning further astray from the straight, guided way than the Muslims." The Prophet ﷺ said: "When the imam says: {وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ} [al-Fātiḥah: 7], say: Āmīn, and God will answer you." The Prophet ﷺ said: "He said to me: O Muḥammad, this is your salvation and the salvation of your nation and of whoever follows you in your religion from the Fire." And his words "raqīqān (gentle)": it was said: this is a scribal corruption that occurred in the original; rather they are "rafīqān", and al-Rafīq is among the names of God Almighty.
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