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العربية

al-Sunan al-Kubra (al-Nasa'i) 11024

Sūrat al-Nisāʾ

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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ سَيْفٍ حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي عَنْ صَالِحٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَائِشَةَ

عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ ﷻ {وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَى وَثُلَاثَ وَرُبَاعَ} [النساء 3] قَالَتْ «يَا ابْنَ أُخْتِي هِيَ الْيَتِيمَةُ تَكُونُ فِي حِجْرِ وَلِيِّهَا تَشْرَكُهُ فِي مَالِهَا فَيُعْجِبُهُ مَالُهَا وَجَمَالُهَا فَيُرِيدُ وَلِيُّهَا أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا بِغَيْرِ أَنْ يُقْسِطَ فِي صَدَاقِهَا فَيُعْطِيهَا مِثْلَ مَا يُعْطِيهَا غَيْرُهُ فَنُهُوا أَنْ يَنْكِحُوهُنَّ إِلَّا أَنْ يُقْسِطُوا لَهُنَّ وَيَبْلُغُوا بِهِنَّ أَعَلَى سُنَّتِهِنَّ فِي الصَّدَاقِ فَأُمِرُوا أَنْ يَنْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَهُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ سِوَاهُنَّ» [59] قَالَ عُرْوَةُ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ثُمَّ إِنَّ النَّاسَ اسْتَفْتَوْا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بَعْدَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى {وَيَسْتَفْتُونَكَ فِي النِّسَاءِ قُلِ اللهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِيهِنَّ وَمَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ فِي يَتَامَى النِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي لَا تُؤْتُونَهُنَّ مَا كُتِبَ لَهُنَّ وَتَرْغَبُونَ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ} [النساء 127] فَذَكَرَ اللهُ أَنَّهُ يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ الْأَوَّلِ قَالَ اللهُ {وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ} [النساء 3] قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ وَقَوْلُ اللهِ ﷻ فِي الْآيَةِ الْأُخْرَى {وَتَرْغَبُونَ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ} [النساء 127] رَغْبَةُ أَحَدِكُمْ عَنْ يَتِيمَتِهِ حِينَ تَكُونُ قَلِيلَةَ الْمَالِ قَلِيلَةَ الْجَمَالِ قَالَتْ فَنُهُوا أَنْ يَنْكِحُوا مَنْ رَغِبُوا فِي مَالِهِ وَجَمَالِهِ مِنْ يَتَامَى النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا بِالْقِسْطِ مِنْ أَجْلِ رَغْبَتِهِمْ عَنْهُنَّ إِذَا كُنَّ قَلِيلَاتِ الْمَالِ وَالْجَمَالِ

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. Abū Dāwud Sulaymān b. Sayf
  2. Yaʿqūb b. Ibrāhīm from my father
  3. Ṣāliḥ
  4. Ibn Shihāb
  5. ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr

✧ Regarding the saying of Allah, Mighty and Exalted: “And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphan girls, then marry those that please you of women, two or three or four” [al-Nisāʾ 3], she said: “O son of my sister, this is about the orphan girl who is under the care of her guardian and shares in his wealth. Her wealth and beauty attract him, so her guardian wants to marry her without being just in her dowry, giving her the same as another would give her. So they were forbidden to marry them unless they deal justly with them and give them the highest customary dowry. They were instead commanded to marry other women who please them besides them.” [59] ʿUrwah said: ʿĀʾishah said: Then the people sought the ruling from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ after this verse, and Allah, Blessed and Exalted, revealed: “And they seek your ruling concerning women. Say: Allah gives you a ruling about them, and what is recited to you in the Book concerning orphan girls to whom you do not give what is prescribed for them, and whom you desire to marry” [al-Nisāʾ 127]. Allah mentioned that it is recited to you in the Book in the first verse. Allah said: “And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphan girls, then marry those that please you of women” [al-Nisāʾ 3]. ʿĀʾishah said: And the saying of Allah, Mighty and Exalted, in the other verse: “and whom you desire to marry” [al-Nisāʾ 127] refers to the desire of one of you to avoid his orphan girl when she has little wealth and little beauty. She said: So they were forbidden to marry those of the orphan girls whose wealth and beauty they desired, except with justice, because of their aversion to them when they were of little wealth and beauty.

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