Dalilدليل
العربية

al-Sunan al-Kubra (al-Nasa'i) 10998

Sūrat Āli ʿImrān

Show the chain

أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ سَيْفٍ حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي عَنْ صَالِحٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ أَخبرنِي عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو سُفْيَانَ بْنُ حَرْبٍ

أَنَّهُ كَانَ بِالشَّامِ فِي رِجَالٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ قَدِمُوا تُجَّارًا فِي الْمُدَّةِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ بَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَبَيْنَ كُفَّارِ قُرَيْشٍ قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ فَوَجَدْنَا رَسُولَ قَيْصَرَ بِبَعْضِ الشَّامِ فَانْطَلَقَ بِي وَبِأَصْحَابِي حَتَّى قَدِمْنَا إِيلِيَاءَ فَأُدْخِلْنَا عَلَيْهِ فَإِذَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ فِي مَجْلِسِ مِلْكِهِ وَعَلَيْهِ التَّاجُ وَحَوْلَهُ عُلَمَاءُ الرُّومِ فَقَالَ لِتَرْجُمَانِهِ سَلْهُمْ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ نَسَبًا إِلَى هَذَا الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ أَنَا أَقْرَبُهُمْ إِلَيْهِ نَسَبًا فَقَالَ مَا قَرَابَةُ مَا بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَهُ؟ فَقُلْتُ هُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّي قَالَ وَلَيْسَ فِي الرَّكْبِ يَوْمَئِذٍ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ غَيْرِي قَالَ فَقَالَ قَيْصَرُ أَدْنُوهُ مِنِّي ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِأَصْحَابِي فَجُعِلُوا خَلْفَ ظَهْرِي عِنْدَ كَتِفِي ثُمَّ قَالَ لِتَرْجُمَانِهِ قُلْ لِأَصْحَابِهِ إِنِّي سَائِلٌ هَذَا عَنْ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ فَإِنْ كَذَبَ فَكَذِّبُوهُ قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ وَاللهِ لَوْلَا الْحَيَاءُ يَوْمَئِذٍ أَنْ يَأْثِرَ عَلَيَّ أَصْحَابِي الْكَذِبَ لَحَدَّثْتُهُ عَنْهُ حِينَ سَأَلَنِي وَلَكِنِ اسْتَحْيَيْتُ أَنْ يَأْثِرُوا عَلَيَّ الْكَذِبَ فَصَدَقَتُهُ عَنْهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِتَرْجُمَانِهِ قُلْ لَهُ كَيْفَ نَسَبُ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ فِيكُمْ؟ قُلْتُ هُوَ فِينَا ذُو نَسَبٍ قَالَ فَقَالَ هَلْ قَالَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ مِنْكُمْ أَحَدٌ قَبْلَهُ؟ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ فَهَلْ كُنْتُمْ تَتَّهِمُونَهُ بِالْكَذِبِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقُولَ مَا قَالَ؟ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ فَهَلْ كَانَ مِنْ آبَائِهِ مَنْ مَلَكَ؟ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ فَأَشْرَافُ النَّاسِ اتَّبَعُوهُ أَمْ ضُعَفَاؤُهُمْ؟ قُلْتُ بَلْ ضُعَفَاؤُهُمْ [44] قَالَ فَيَزِيدُونَ أَمْ يَنْقُصُونَ؟ قُلْتُ بَلْ يَزِيدُونَ قَالَ فَهَلْ يَرْتَدُّ أَحَدٌ سَخْطَةً لِدِينِهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِيهِ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ فَهَلْ يَغْدِرُ؟ قُلْتُ لَا وَنَحْنُ مِنْهُ الْآنَ فِي مُدَّةٍ وَنَحْنُ نَخَافُ أَنْ يَغْدِرَ قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ وَلَمْ تُمْكِنِّي كَلِمَةٌ أُدْخِلَ فِيهَا شَيْئًا أَنْتَقِصُهُ بِهَا أَخَافَ أَنْ تُؤْثَرَ عَنِّي غَيْرُهَا قَالَ فَهَلْ قَاتَلْتُمُوهُ وَهَلْ قَاتَلَكُمْ؟ فَقُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَكَيْفَ كَانَ حَرْبُكُمْ وَحَرْبُهُ؟ قُلْتُ كَانَتْ دُوَلًا وَسِجَالًا يُدَالُ عَلَيْنَا الْمَرَّةَ وَنُدَالُ عَلَيْهِ الْأُخْرَى قَالَ فَمَا كَانَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ بِهِ؟ قُلْتُ يَأْمُرُنَا أَنْ نَعْبُدَ اللهَ وَحْدَهُ وَلَا نُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَنَهَانَا عَمَّا كَانَ يَعْبُدُ آبَاؤُنَا وَيَأْمُرُنَا بِالصَّلَاةِ وَالصِّدْقِ وَالْعَفَافِ وَالْوَفَاءِ بِالْعَهْدِ وَأَدَاءِ الْأَمَانَةِ فَقَالَ لِتَرْجُمَانِهِ حِينَ قُلْتُ ذَلِكَ قُلْ لَهُ إِنِّي سَأَلْتُكَ عَنْ نَسَبِهِ فِيكُمْ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنَّهُ فِيكُمْ ذُو نَسَبٍ وَكَذَلِكَ الرُّسُلُ تُبْعَثُ فِي نَسَبِ قَوْمِهَا وَسَأَلْتُكَ هَلْ قَالَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ قَبْلَهُ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنْ لَا فَقُلْتُ أَنْ لَوْ قَالَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ قَبْلَهُ قُلْتُ رَجُلٌ يَأْتَمُّ بِقَوْلٍ قِيلَ قَبْلَهُ وَسَأَلْتُكَ هَلْ كُنْتُمْ تَتَّهِمُونَهُ بِالْكَذِبِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقُولَ مَا قَالَ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنْ لَا فَقَدْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيَذَرَ الْكَذِبَ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَيَكْذِبَ عَلَى اللهِ وَسَأَلْتُكَ هَلْ كَانَ مِنْ آبَائِهِ مِنْ مَلِكٍ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنْ لَا فَقُلْتُ أَنْ لَوْ كَانَ مِنْ آبَائِهِ مَلِكٌ لَقُلْتُ رَجُلٌ يَطْلُبُ مُلْكَ آبَائِهِ وَسَأَلْتُكَ أَشْرَافُ النَّاسِ اتَّبَعُوهُ أَمْ ضُعَفَاؤُهُمْ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنَّ ضُعَفَاءَهُمُ اتَّبَعُوهُ وَهُمْ أَتْبَاعُ الرُّسُلِ وَسَأَلْتُكَ هَلْ يَزِيدُونَ أَمْ يَنْقُصُونَ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنَّهُمْ يَزِيدُونَ وَكَذَلِكَ الْإِيمَانُ حَتَّى يَتِمُّ وَسَأَلْتُكَ هَلْ يَرْتَدُّ أَحَدٌ سَخْطَةً لِدِينِهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِيهِ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنْ لَا وَكَذَلِكَ الْإِيمَانُ حِينَ يُخَالِطُ بَشَاشَةَ الْقَلْبِ لَا يَبْغَضُهُ أَحَدٌ وَسَأَلْتُكَ هَلْ يَغْدِرُ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنْ لَا وَكَذَلِكَ الرُّسُلُ لَا تَغْدِرُ [45] وَسَأَلْتُكَ هَلْ قَاتَلْتُمُوهُ وَقَاتَلَكُمْ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنْ قَدْ فَعَلَ وَأَنَّ حَرْبَكُمْ وَحَرْبَهُ تَكُونُ دُوَلًا يُدَالُ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَرَّةَ وَتُدَالُونَ عَلَيْهِ الْأُخْرَى وَكَذَلِكَ الرُّسُلُ تُبْتَلَى وَيَكُونُ لَهَا الْعَاقِبَةُ وَسَأَلْتُكَ بِمَاذَا أَمَرَكُمْ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنَّهُ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تَعْبُدُوا اللهَ وَحْدَهُ وَلَا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا وَيَنْهَاكُمْ عَمَّا كَانَ يَعْبُدُ آبَاؤُكُمْ وَيَأْمُرُكُمْ بِالصَّلَاةِ وَالصِّدْقِ وَالْعَفَافِ وَالْوَفَاءِ بِالْعَهْدِ وَأَدَاءِ الْأَمَانَاتِ قَالَ وَهَذِهِ صِفَةُ نَبِيٍّ قَدْ كُنْتُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ خَارِجٌ وَلَمْ أَكُنْ أَظُنُّ أَنَّهُ مِنْكُمْ وَإِنْ يَكُنْ مَا قُلْتُ حَقًّا فَيُوشِكُ أَنْ يَمْلِكَ مَوْضِعَ قَدَمَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ فَوَاللهِ لَوْ أَرْجُو أَنْ أَخْلُصَ إِلَيْهِ لَتَجَشَّمْتُ لُقِيَّهُ وَلَوْ كُنْتُ عِنْدَهُ غَسَلْتُ عَنْ قَدَمَيْهِ قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ ثُمَّ دَعَا بِكَتَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَقُرِئَ فَإِذَا فِيهِ بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِ اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى هِرَقْلَ عَظِيمِ الرُّومِ سَلَامٌ عَلَى مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الْهُدَى أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنِّي أَدْعُوكَ بِدِعَايَةِ الْإِسْلَامِ أَسْلِمْ تَسْلَمْ وَأَسْلِمْ يُؤْتِكَ اللهُ أَجْرَكَ مَرَّتَيْنِ وَإِنْ تَوَلَّيْتَ فَإِنَّ عَلَيْكَ إِثْمُ الْأَرِيسِيِّينَ وَ {قُلْ يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ تَعَالَوْا إِلَى كَلِمَةٍ سَوَاءٍ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ أَلَّا نَعْبُدَ إِلَّا اللهَ وَلَا نُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَتَّخِذَ بَعْضُنَا بَعْضًا أَرْبَابًا مِنْ دُونِ اللهِ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَقُولُوا اشْهَدُوا بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ} [آل عمران 64] قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ فَلَمَّا قَضَى مَقَالَتَهُ عَلَتْ أَصْوَاتُ الرُّومِ حَوْلَهُ مِنْ عُظَمَاءِ الرُّومِ وَكَثُرَ لَغَطُهُمْ فَلَا أَدْرِي مَاذَا قَالُوا وَأَمَرَ بِنَا فَأُخْرِجْنَا قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ فَلَمَّا خَرَجْتُ مَعَ أَصْحَابِي وَخَلَصْتُ بِهِمْ قُلْتُ لَقَدْ أَمِرَ أَمْرُ ابْنِ أَبِي كَبْشَةَ هَذَا مَلِكُ بَنِي الْأَصْفَرِ يَخَافُهُ قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ فَوَاللهِ مَا زِلْتُ ذَلِيلًا مُسْتَيْقِنًا بِأَنَّ أَمْرَهُ سَيَظْهَرُ حَتَّى أَدْخَلَ اللهُ قَلْبِيَ الْإِسْلَامَ وَأَنَا كَارِهٌ

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. Abū Dāwud Sulaymān b. Sayf
  2. Yaʿqūb b. Ibrāhīm b. Saʿd from my father
  3. Ṣāliḥ
  4. Ibn Shihāb Akhbrnī ʿUbaydullāh b. ʿAbdullāh
  5. ʿAbdullāh b. ʿAbbās
  6. Abū Sufyān b. Ḥarb

✧ He was in Syria with some men of Quraysh who had come as merchants during the truce between the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the disbelievers of Quraysh. Abū Sufyān said: We found the messenger of Caesar in part of Syria, and he took me and my companions until we came to Jerusalem and were admitted to him. He was sitting in his royal court with a crown on his head, and around him were the scholars of the Byzantines. He said to his interpreter: 'Ask them which of them is closest in lineage to this man who claims to be a prophet.' Abū Sufyān said: 'I am the closest of them to him in lineage.' He said: 'What is the relationship between you and him?' I said: 'He is my cousin.' He said: 'And there was no man from Banū ʿAbd Manāf in the caravan that day except me.' He said: Caesar said: 'Bring him near me.' Then he ordered my companions to be placed behind my back at my shoulder. Then he said to his interpreter: 'Tell his companions that I will ask this man about this man who claims to be a prophet, and if he lies, they should contradict him.' Abū Sufyān said: 'By Allah, were it not for the shame that day that my companions would report me as a liar, I would have lied to him about him when he asked me. But I was ashamed that they would report me as a liar, so I told the truth about him.' Then he said to his interpreter: 'Tell him: How is the lineage of this man among you?' I said: 'He is among us of noble lineage.' He said: 'Did anyone among you say this saying before him?' I said: 'No.' He said: 'Did you used to accuse him of lying before he said what he said?' I said: 'No.' He said: 'Were any of his forefathers kings?' I said: 'No.' He said: 'Do the nobles of the people follow him or their weak ones?' I said: 'Rather their weak ones.' [44] He said: 'Do they increase or decrease?' I said: 'Rather they increase.' He said: 'Does anyone turn back from his religion out of displeasure with it after entering it?' I said: 'No.' He said: 'Does he betray?' I said: 'No, and we are now in a truce with him, and we fear that he may betray.' Abū Sufyān said: 'And no word allowed me to insert something with which I could disparage him, fearing that something else would be reported from me.' He said: 'Have you fought him and has he fought you?' I said: 'Yes.' He said: 'How was your war and his war?' I said: 'It was alternate turns and equal shares: sometimes we prevailed over him, and sometimes he prevailed over us.' He said: 'What does he command you?' I said: 'He commands us to worship Allah alone and not associate anything with Him, and he forbids us from what our forefathers worshipped, and he commands us to pray, to be truthful, to be chaste, to fulfill covenants, and to render trusts.' Then he said to his interpreter when I said that: 'Tell him: I asked you about his lineage among you, and you claimed that he is among you of noble lineage, and so messengers are sent in the lineage of their people. I asked you whether anyone among you said this saying before him, and you claimed no. So I said: If anyone among you had said this saying before him, I would have said he is a man following a saying said before him. I asked you whether you used to accuse him of lying before he said what he said, and you claimed no. So I know that he would not refrain from lying to people and then lie about Allah. I asked you whether any of his forefathers were kings, and you claimed no. So I said: If any of his forefathers had been a king, I would have said he is a man seeking the kingdom of his forefathers. I asked you whether the nobles of the people follow him or their weak ones, and you claimed that their weak ones follow him, and they are the followers of messengers. I asked you whether they increase or decrease, and you claimed that they increase, and such is faith until it is complete. I asked you whether anyone turns back from his religion out of displeasure after entering it, and you claimed no, and such is faith when it mixes with the joy of the heart: no one hates it. I asked you whether he betrays, and you claimed no, and such are messengers: they do not betray. [45] I asked you whether you fought him and he fought you, and you claimed that he has done so, and that your war and his war are alternate turns: sometimes you prevail over him and sometimes he prevails over you, and such are messengers: they are tested, and the outcome is theirs. I asked you what he commanded you, and you claimed that he commands you to worship Allah alone and not associate anything with Him, and he forbids you from what your forefathers worshipped, and he commands you to pray, to be truthful, to be chaste, to fulfill covenants, and to render trusts. He said: This is the description of a prophet. I knew that he would emerge, but I did not think he would be from among you. If what you said is true, he will soon possess the place of these two feet of mine. By Allah, if I hoped to reach him, I would undertake to meet him, and if I were with him, I would wash his feet.' Abū Sufyān said: Then he called for the letter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and ordered it to be read. It contained: 'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. From Muḥammad, the servant of Allah and His Messenger, to Heraclius, the ruler of the Byzantines. Peace be upon those who follow guidance. To proceed: I invite you with the call of Islam. Submit and you will be safe, and submit and Allah will give you your reward twice. But if you turn away, then upon you is the sin of the Arīsiyyīn (peasants/serfs).' And {Say, O People of the Scripture, come to a word that is equitable between us and you: that we worship none but Allah and associate nothing with Him, and that we do not take one another as lords besides Allah. But if they turn away, then say, Bear witness that we are Muslims} [Āli ʿImrān 64]. Abū Sufyān said: When he finished his speech, the voices of the Byzantines around him rose from among the great ones of the Byzantines, and their clamor increased, so I do not know what they said. He ordered us to be taken out. Abū Sufyān said: When I went out with my companions and was alone with them, I said: 'The affair of Ibn Abī Kabshah has become great: this king of Banū al-Aṣfar fears him.' Abū Sufyān said: 'By Allah, I remained humiliated and certain that his affair would prevail until Allah brought Islam into my heart while I was reluctant.'

Grades by grader

No grade is recorded for this wording.