Sahih Muslim 1162a
It is recommended to fast three days of every month, and to fast on the days of 'Arafah and 'Ashura', and to fast on Mondays and Thursdays
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وَحَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى التَّمِيمِيُّ وَقُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ جَمِيعًا عَنْ حَمَّادٍ قَالَ يَحْيَى أَخْبَرَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ عَنْ غَيْلاَنَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ الزِّمَّانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ
رَجُلٌ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: كَيْفَ تَصُومُ؟ فَغَضِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى عُمَرُ ؓ غَضَبَهُ قَالَ: رَضِينَا بِاللَّهِ رَبًّا وَبِالإِسْلاَمِ دِينًا وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ نَبِيًّا، نَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ غَضَبِ اللَّهِ وَغَضَبِ رَسُولِهِ. فَجَعَلَ عُمَرُ ؓ يُرَدِّدُ هَذَا الْكَلاَمَ حَتَّى سَكَنَ غَضَبُهُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، كَيْفَ بِمَنْ يَصُومُ الدَّهْرَ كُلَّهُ؟ قَالَ: «لاَ صَامَ وَلاَ أَفْطَرَ»، أَوْ قَالَ: «لَمْ يَصُمْ وَلَمْ يُفْطِرْ». قَالَ: كَيْفَ مَنْ يَصُومُ يَوْمَيْنِ وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا؟ قَالَ: «وَيُطِيقُ ذَلِكَ أَحَدٌ؟» قَالَ: كَيْفَ مَنْ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا؟ قَالَ: «ذَاكَ صَوْمُ دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ». قَالَ: كَيْفَ مَنْ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمَيْنِ؟ قَالَ: «وَدِدْتُ أَنِّي طُوِّقْتُ ذَلِكَ». ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «ثَلاَثٌ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ وَرَمَضَانُ إِلَى رَمَضَانَ، فَهَذَا صِيَامُ الدَّهْرِ كُلِّهِ. صِيَامُ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ أَحْتَسِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ السَّنَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهُ وَالسَّنَةَ الَّتِي بَعْدَهُ، وَصِيَامُ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ أَحْتَسِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ السَّنَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهُ».
Translation
Chain of narrators
- Yaḥyá b. Yaḥyá al-Tamīmī And Qutaybah b. Saʿīd Jamīʿ
- Ḥammād
- Yaḥyá
- Ḥammād b. Zayd
- Ghaylān
- ʿAbdullāh b. Maʿbad al-Zimmānī
- Abū Qatādah
✧ A man came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "How do you fast?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ became angry. When Umar ؓ saw his anger, he said, "We are pleased with Allah ﷻ as Lord, with Islam as religion, and with Muhammad as Prophet. We seek refuge in Allah ﷻ from the anger of Allah ﷻ and the anger of His Messenger." Umar ؓ kept repeating these words until his anger subsided. Then Umar said, "O Messenger of Allah, what about one who fasts all the time?" He said: "He has neither fasted nor broken his fast," or he said: "He did not fast and he did not break his fast." He said, "What about one who fasts two days and breaks fast one day?" He said: "Who could bear that?" He said, "What about one who fasts one day and breaks fast one day?" He said: "That is the fast of Dawud, ﷺ." He said, "What about one who fasts one day and breaks fast two days?" He said: "I wish I had been given the ability to do that." Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Three days of every month, and Ramadan to Ramadan: that is fasting for the whole year. Fasting the day of Arafah—I hope from Allah ﷻ that it will expiate the year before it and the year after it. And fasting the day of Ashura—I hope from Allah ﷻ that it will expiate the year before it."
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Same hadith, other wordings
- Jami at-Tirmidzi 749صِيَامُ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ إِنِّي أَحْتَسِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ السَّنَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهُ وَالسَّنَةَ الَّتِي بَعْدَهُ
- Jami at-Tirmidzi 767قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ بِمَنْ صَامَ الدَّهْرَ قَالَ لاَ صَامَ وَلاَ أَفْطَرَ أَوْ لَمْ يَصُمْ وَلَمْ يُفْطِرْ
- Sunan Ibnu Majah 1730قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صِيَامُ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ إِنِّي أَحْتَسِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ السَّنَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهُ وَالَّتِي بَعْدَهُ
- Misykatul Mashabih 2044وَعَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ كَيْفَ تَصُومُ فَغَضِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَنْ قَوْله. فَلَمَّا رأى عمر رَضِي الله عَنْهُم غَضَبَهُ قَالَ رَضِي