Dalil
العربية

al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 3330

✧ Reason and its virtue

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حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ، ثَنَا مَيْسَرَةُ، عَنْ غَالِبٍ الْجَزَرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ:

صِفَةُ الْعَاقِلِ يَحْلُمُ عَمَّنْ جَهِلَ عَلَيْهِ، وَيَتَجَاوَزُ عَمَّنْ ظَلَمَهُ، وَيَتَوَاضَعُ لِمَنْ هُوَ دُونَهُ، وَيُسَابِقُ مَنْ هُوَ فَوْقَهُ فِي طَلَبِ الْبِرِّ، وَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ فَكَّرَ، فَإِذَا كَانَ خَيْرًا تَكَلَّمَ فَغَنِمَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ شَرًّا سَكَتَ فَسَلِمَ، وَإِذَا عَرَضَتْ لَهُ فِتْنَةٌ اسْتَعْصَمَ بِاللهِ، وَأَمْسَكَ يَدَهُ وَلِسَانَهُ، وَإِذَا رَأَى فَضِيلَةً انْتَهَزَهَا، لَا يُفَارِقُهُ الْحَيَاءُ، وَلَا يَبْدُو مِنْهُ الْحِرْصُ، فَتِلْكَ عَشْرُ خِصَالٍ، يُعْرَفُ بِهَا الْعَاقِلُ، قَالَ: وَصِفَةُ الْجَاهِلِ أَنْ يَظْلِمَ مَنْ يُخَالِطُهُ، وَيَقْتَدِي عَمَّنْ هُوَ دُونَهُ، وَيَتَطَاوَلُ عَلَى مَنْ هُوَ فَوْقَهُ، كَلَامُهُ بِغَيْرِ تَدَبُّرٍ، فَإِنْ تَكَلَّمَ أَثِمَ، وَإِنْ سَكَتَ سَهَا، وَإِنْ عَرَضَتْ لَهُ فِتْنَةٌ سَارَعَ إِلَيْهَا فَأَرْدَتْهُ، وَإِنْ رَأَى فَضِيلَةً أَعْرَضَ عَنْهَا، وَأَبْطَأَ عَنْهَا، لَا يَخَافُ ذُنُوبَهُ الْقَدِيمَةَ، وَلَا يَرْتَدِعُ فِيمَا يَبْقَى مِنْ عُمُرِهِ عَنِ الذُّنُوبِ، مُتَوَانِيًا عَنِ الْبِرِّ، مُبَطِّئًا عَنْهُ، غَيْرَ مُكْتَرِثٍ لِمَا فَاتَهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، أَوْ ضَيَّعَهُ، عَشْرُ خِصَالٍ مِنْ صِفَةِ الْجَاهِلِ الَّذِي حُرِمَ الْعَقْلَ

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. Dāwud
  2. Maysarah
  3. Ghālib al-Jazarī
  4. Saʿīd b. Jubayr
  5. Ibn ʿAbbās Rafaʿah

✧ The description of the man of intellect: he forbears with one who is ignorant toward him, pardons one who wrongs him, humbles himself to one who is below him, and races ahead of one who is above him in seeking righteousness. When he wants to speak, he reflects; if it is good, he speaks and gains; if it is evil, he remains silent and is safe. When a trial presents itself to him, he seeks protection in God and restrains his hand and tongue. When he sees a virtue, he seizes it. Modesty does not leave him, nor does greed appear from him. These are ten qualities by which the man of intellect is known. He said: And the description of the ignorant man: he wrongs one who associates with him, imitates one who is below him, and exalts himself over one who is above him. His speech is without reflection; if he speaks, he sins; if he remains silent, he is heedless. When a trial presents itself to him, he hastens to it and it destroys him. When he sees a virtue, he turns away from it and is slow toward it. He does not fear his past sins, nor does he refrain from sins in what remains of his life. He is slack in righteousness, slow toward it, unconcerned about what he has missed of that or wasted. These are ten qualities of the description of the ignorant man who is deprived of intellect.

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