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العربية

al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 2458

✧ Jizya and truce

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وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، ثَنِي أَبُو سَعْدٍ - هُوَ الْبَقَّالُ - عَنْ نَصْرِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ فَرْوَةُ بْنُ نَوْفَلٍ الْأَشْجَعِيُّ:

عَلَامَ تُؤْخَذُ الْجِزْيَةُ مِنَ الْمَجُوسِ وَلَيْسُوا أَهْلَ كِتَابٍ ؟ فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ الْمُسْتَوْرِدُ ؓ، فَأَخَذَ بِتَلْبِيبَتِهِ فَقَالَ: يَا عَدُوَّ اللهِ، أَتَطْعَنُ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ ؓ ؟ وَذَهَبَ بِهِ إِلَى الْقَصْرِ، فَخَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمَا عَلِيٌّ ؓ، فَقَالَ: الْبَدَاءَ - قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: يَقُولُ: اجْلِسَا - فَجَلَسَا فِي ظِلِّ الْقَصْرِ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِقَوْلِهِ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ: أَنَا أَعْلَمُ النَّاسِ بِالْمَجُوسِ، كَانَ لَهُمْ عِلْمٌ يُعَلِّمُونَهُ وَكِتَابٌ يَدْرُسُونَهُ، وَإِنَّ مَلِكَهُمْ سَكِرَ يَوْمًا فَوَقَعَ عَلَى بِنْتِهِ أَوْ أُخْتِهِ، فَاطَّلَعَ عَلَيْهِ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ مَمْلَكَتِهِ، فَلَمَّا صَحَا جَاؤُوا يُقِيمُونَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدَّ فَامْتَنَعَ مِنْهُمْ وَدَعَا أَهْلَ مَمْلَكَتِهِ، فَقَالَ: أَتَعْلَمُونَ دِينًا خَيْرًا مِنْ دِينِ آدَمَ ؟ وَقَدْ كَانَ يُنْكِحُ بَنِيهِ بَنَاتِهِ، وَأَنَا عَلَى دِينِ آدَمَ فَمَا يَرْغَبُ بِكُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِ ؟ فَبَايَعُوهُ وَقَاتَلُوا الَّذِينَ خَالَفُوهُمْ حَتَّى قُتِلُوا، فَأَصْبَحُوا وَقَدْ أُسْرِيَ عَلَى كِتَابِهِمْ، فَرُفِعَ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَظْهُرِهِمْ، وَذَهَبَ الْعِلْمُ الَّذِي فِي صُدُورِهِمْ، فَهُمْ أَهْلُ كِتَابٍ وَقَدْ أَخَذَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ ؓ مِنْهُمُ الْجِزْيَةَ

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. Ibn Abū ʿUmar
  2. Sufyān Thanī Abū Saʿd
  3. al-Baqqāl
  4. Naṣr b. ʿĀṣim
  5. Farwah b. Nawfal al-Ashjaʿī

✧ On what basis is the jizya taken from the Magians when they are not People of the Book? Al-Mustawrid ؓ stood up to him, seized him by the collar, and said: O enemy of God, do you criticize Abu Bakr and Umar ؓ? He took him to the palace, and Ali ؓ came out to them and said: Al-bada' — Sufyan said: he means, 'Sit down.' So they sat in the shade of the palace. He told him what he had said, and Ali ؓ said: I am the most knowledgeable of people about the Magians. They had knowledge which they taught and a book which they studied. Their king became drunk one day and fell upon his daughter or his sister. Some of the people of his kingdom observed him, and when he sobered up they came to impose the prescribed punishment on him, but he refused them and summoned the people of his kingdom and said: Do you know of a religion better than the religion of Adam? He used to marry his sons to his daughters, and I am upon the religion of Adam, so what would make you averse to his religion? So they pledged allegiance to him and fought those who opposed them until they were killed. When morning came, their book had been taken up by night and removed from among them, and the knowledge that was in their breasts was gone. Thus they are People of the Book, and the Messenger of God ﷺ, Abu Bakr, and Umar ؓ took the jizya from them.

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