al-Sunan al-Kubra (al-Bayhaqi) 18722
✧ The Magians Are People of a Book and the Jizya Is Taken from Them
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أَخْبَرَنَا ) أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَنْبَأَ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَنْبَأَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَنْبَأَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعْدٍ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمَرْزُبَانِ، عَنْ نَصْرِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ قَالَ:
قَالَ فَرْوَةُ بْنُ نَوْفَلٍ الْأَشْجَعِيُّ: عَلَامَ تُؤْخَذُ الْجِزْيَةُ مِنَ الْمَجُوسِ وَلَيْسُوا بِأَهْلِ كِتَابٍ ؟ فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ الْمُسْتَوْرِدُ، فَأَخَذَ بِلَبَبِهِ فَقَالَ: يَا عَدُوَّ اللهِ، تَطْعَنُ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ ؓ وَعَلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَعْنِي عَلِيًّا ؓ وَقَدْ أَخَذُوا مِنْهُمُ الْجِزْيَةَ ؟ فَذَهَبَ بِهِ إِلَى الْقَصْرِ، فَخَرَجَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ عَلَيْهِمَا، فَقَالَ: الْبَدَا، فَجَلَسَا فِي ظِلِّ الْقَصْرِ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ - ؓ: أَنَا أَعْلَمُ النَّاسِ بِالْمَجُوسِ، كَانَ لَهُمْ عِلْمٌ يَعْلَمُونَهُ، وَكِتَابٌ يَدْرُسُونَهُ، وَإِنَّ مَلِكَهُمْ سَكِرَ فَوَقَعَ عَلَى ابْنَتِهِ، أَوْ أُخْتِهِ، فَاطَّلَعَ عَلَيْهِ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ مَمْلَكَتِهِ، فَلَمَّا صَحَا جَاءُوا يُقِيمُونَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدَّ فَامْتَنَعَ مِنْهُمْ، فَدَعَا أَهْلَ مَمْلَكَتِهِ فَلَمَّا أَتَوْهُ قَالَ: تَعْلَمُونَ دِينًا خَيْرًا مِنْ دِينِ آدَمَ، وَقَدْ كَانَ يُنْكِحُ بَنِيهِ مِنْ بَنَاتِهِ ؟ وَأَنَا عَلَى دِينِ آدَمَ مَا يَرْغَبُ بِكُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِ ؟ ! قَالَ: فَبَايَعُوهُ وَقَاتَلُوا الَّذِينَ خَالَفُوهُمْ حَتَّى قَتَلُوهُمْ، فَأَصْبَحُوا وَقَدْ أُسْرِيَ عَلَى كِتَابِهِمْ، فَرُفِعَ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَظْهُرِهِمْ، وَذَهَبَ الْعِلْمُ الَّذِي فِي صُدُورِهِمْ، فَهُمْ أَهْلُ كِتَابٍ، وَقَدْ أَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرُ ؓ مِنْهُمُ الْجِزْيَةَ
Translation
Chain of narrators
- Abū ʿAbdullāh al-Ḥāfiẓ
- Abū al-ʿAbbās Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb Anbaʾ al-Rabīʿ b. Sulaymān Anbaʾ al-Shāfiʿī Anbaʾ Sufyān b. ʿUyaynah
- Abū Saʿd Saʿīd b. al-Marzubān
- Naṣr b. ʿĀṣim
Machine translation, not reviewed
Farwah b. Nawfal al-Ashjaʿī said: "On what basis is the jizyah taken from the Magians (majūs), when they are not People of a Scripture?" Al-Mustawrid stood up to him, seized him by the collar, and said: "O enemy of God, do you find fault with Abū Bakr and ʿUmar, and with the Commander of the Believers" meaning ʿAlī "when they took the jizyah from them?" He took him to the palace, and ʿAlī came out to them both and said: "Sit down." So they sat in the shade of the palace. ʿAlī said: "I am the most knowledgeable of people about the Magians. They had knowledge which they knew and a book which they studied. Their king became drunk and had intercourse with his daughter, or his sister. Some of the people of his kingdom found out about it. When he recovered, they came to carry out the prescribed punishment (ḥadd) on him, but he refused them. So he summoned the people of his kingdom, and when they came to him he said: 'Do you know any religion better than the religion of Adam? He used to marry his sons to his daughters. And I am on the religion of Adam. Why do you turn away from his religion?' They then pledged allegiance to him and fought those who opposed them until they had killed them. Then in the morning their book had been taken away by night; it was lifted from among them, and the knowledge in their chests was gone. So they are People of a Scripture. And the Messenger of God ﷺ, Abū Bakr and ʿUmar took the jizyah from them."
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What scholars said about it
In their own words, as Hadith Unlocked records them. They are shown, not summarised into a grade.
- Zarqānī
إسناد حسن
machine translationIts chain of transmission (isnād) is good (ḥasan).
in سنن البيهقي الكبرى, p. 18722 - الزيلعى
سعيد بن المرزبان مجروح قال يحيى القطان لا أستحل أروي عنه وقال ابن معين ليس بشيء ولا يكتب حديثه وقال الفلاس متروك الحديث وقال أبو أسامة كان ثقة وقال أبو زرعة هو مدلس
machine translationSaʿīd b. al-Marzubān is criticised (majrūḥ). Yaḥyā al-Qaṭṭān said: "I do not consider it permissible to narrate from him." Ibn Maʿīn said: "He is nothing, and his hadith is not to be written." Al-Fallās said: "He is abandoned in hadith (matrūk al-ḥadīth)." Abū Usāmah said: "He was trustworthy (thiqah)." Abū Zurʿah said: "He is a concealer of defects (mudallis)."
in سنن البيهقي الكبرى, p. 18722 - Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī
إسناد حسن
machine translationIts chain of transmission (isnād) is good (ḥasan).
in سنن البيهقي الكبرى, p. 18722 - Mubarakpūri
ذكره الحافظ في الفتح بإسناد حسن
machine translationAl-Ḥāfiẓ mentioned it in al-Fatḥ with a good (ḥasan) chain.
in سنن البيهقي الكبرى, p. 18722
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- Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr
فيه ضعف يدور على أبي سعد البقال واسمه سعيد بن المرزبان وليس بقوي عندهم وقد سئل عنه أبو زرعة الرازي عنه فقال صدوق مدلس وقال مرة لين الحديث فيه ضعف قيل هو صدوق قال نعم كان لا يكذب
machine translationThere is weakness in it, which revolves around Abū Saʿd al-Baqqāl, whose name is Saʿīd b. al-Marzubān, and he is not strong according to them. Abū Zurʿah al-Rāzī was asked about him and said: "Truthful (ṣadūq), a concealer of defects (mudallis)." Another time he said: "Soft in hadith (layyin al-ḥadīth), there is weakness in him." It was said: "Is he truthful?" He said: "Yes, he did not lie."
in سنن البيهقي الكبرى, p. 18722
Narrators
- One of the ten (promised Paradise)d. 40 AHعَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍأحد العشرةفقال
- his Companionship is disputed, the correct view is that the Companionship belongs to his fatherd. 45 AHفروة بن نوفل الأشجعيمختلف في صحبته ، والصواب أن الصحبة لأبيهقال
- Trustworthy (thiqah), accused of holding the view of the Khawārij, and his retraction from it is authenticd. after 80 AHنَصْرِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍثقة رمي برأي الخوارج وصح رجوعه عنهعن
- weak (ḍaʿīf), a concealer of defects (mudallis)d. after 140 AHأَبِي سَعْدٍ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمَرْزُبَانِضعيف مدلسعن
- Trustworthy (thiqah), a memorizer (ḥāfiẓ), a jurist (faqīh), an imam and a proof (ḥujjah), except that his memory changed towards the end of his life; he sometimes practiced concealment (tadlīs), but only from trustworthy narrators.d. 197 AH or 198 AHسُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَثقة حافظ فقيه , إمام حجة إلا أنه تغير حفظه بأخرة , وكان ربما دلس لكن عن الثقاتأنبأ
- The reviver (mujaddid) of the matter of the religion at the head of the two hundredth yeard. 204 AHالشَّافِعِيُّالمجدد أمر الدين على رأس المائتينأنبأ
- trustworthy (thiqah)d. 270 AHالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَثقةأنبأ
- d. 346 AHأَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَحدثنا
- d. 403 AH, or 405 AHأَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُأخبرنا
- d. 458 AHالبيهقي
Who each narrator was and how reliable, from hdith.com
Latin names and English verdicts with a dotted underline are machine translations, not reviewed.