Dalil
العربية

Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah 2492

✧ The collective chapters on the charity of livestock: camels, cattle, and sheep

Show the chain

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ بُنْدَارٌ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، وَأَبُو مُوسَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، وَيُوسُفُ بْنُ مُوسَى، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ ثُمَامَةَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ، لَمَّا اسْتُخْلِفَ كَتَبَ لَهُ حِينَ وَجَّهَهُ إِلَى الْبَحْرَيْنِ، فَكَتَبَ لَهُ هَذَا الْكِتَابَ:

بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، هَذِهِ فَرِيضَةُ الصَّدَقَةِ الَّتِي فَرَضَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، الَّتِي أَمَرَ اللهُ بِهَا رَسُولَهُ، فَمَنْ سُئِلَهَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا فَلْيُعْطِهَا، وَمَنْ سُئِلَهَا فَوْقَهَا فَلَا يُعْطِهِ. فِي أَرْبَعَةٍ وَعِشْرِينَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، فَمَا دُونَهُ الْغَنَمُ، فِي كُلِّ خَمْسٍ شَاةٌ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ خَمْسًا وَعِشْرِينَ إِلَى خَمْسٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ، فَفِيهَا بِنْتُ مَخَاضٍ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهَا ابْنَةُ مَخَاضٍ، فَابْنُ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٌ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ سِتًّا وَثَلَاثِينَ إِلَى خَمْسٍ وَأَرْبَعِينَ فَفِيهَا ابْنَةُ لَبُونٍ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ سِتًّا وَأَرْبَعِينَ إِلَى سِتِّينَ فَفِيهَا حِقَّةٌ طَرُوقَةُ الْحَمْلِ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ وَاحِدَةً وَسِتِّينَ إِلَى خَمْسٍ وَسَبْعِينَ، فَفِيهَا جَذَعَةٌ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ سِتًّا وَسَبْعِينَ إِلَى تِسْعِينَ فَفِيهَا ابْنَتَا لَبُونٍ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ إِحْدَى وَتِسْعِينَ إِلَى عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ فَفِيهَا حِقَّتَانِ طَرُوقَتَا الْجَمَلِ، فَإِذَا زَادَتْ عَلَى عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، فَفِي كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ ابْنَةُ لَبُونٍ، وَفِي كُلِّ خَمْسِينَ حِقَّةٌ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ إِلَّا أَرْبَعَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ فَلَيْسَ فِيهَا صَدَقَةٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ رَبُّهَا، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ خَمْسًا مِنَ الْإِبِلِ فَفِيهَا شَاةٌ، وَصَدَقَةُ الْغَنَمِ فِي سَائِمَتِهَا إِذَا كَانَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ إِلَى عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةِ شَاةٍ شَاةٌ، فَإِذَا زَادَتْ عَلَى الْعِشْرِينَ وَالْمِائَةِ إِلَى أَنْ تَبْلُغَ الْمِائَتَيْنِ فَفِيهَا شَاتَانِ، فَإِذَا زَادَتْ عَلَى الْمِائَتَيْنِ إِلَى ثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ، فَفِيهَا ثَلَاثُ شِيَاهٍ، فَإِذَا زَادَتْ عَلَى ثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ فَفِي كُلِّ مِائَةٍ شَاةٌ، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ سَائِمَةُ الرَّجُلِ نَاقِصَةً مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً شَاةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ، فَلَيْسَ فِيهَا صَدَقَةٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ رَبُّهَا. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِطُولِهِ. وَهَذَا حَدِيثُ بُنْدَارٍ. قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: النَّاقَةُ إِذَا وَلَدَتْ فَتَمَّ لِوَلَدِهَا سَنَةٌ، وَدَخَلَ وَلَدُهَا فِي السَّنَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ الْوَلِيدُ ذَكَرًا فَهُوَ ابْنُ مَخَاضٍ، وَالْأُنْثَى بِنْتُ مَخَاضٍ؛ لِأَنَّ النَّاقَةَ إِذَا وَلَدَتْ لَمْ تَرْجِعْ إِلَى الْفَحْلِ لِيَضْرِبَهَا الْفَحْلُ إِلَى سَنَةٍ، فَإِذَا تَمَّ لَهَا سَنَةٌ مِنْ حِينِ وِلَادَتِهَا رَجَعَتْ إِلَى الْفَحْلِ، فَإِذَا ضَرَبَهَا الْفَحْلُ أُلْحِقَتْ بِالْمَخَاضِ، وَهُنَّ الْحَوَامِلُ، فَكَانَتِ الْأُمُّ مِنَ الْمَوَاخِضِ، وَالْمَاخِضُ الَّتِي قَدْ خَاضَ الْوَلَدُ فِي بَطْنِهَا؛ أَيْ تَحَرَّكَ الْوَلَدُ فِي الْبَطْنِ، فَكَانَ ابْنُهَا ابْنُ مَخَاضٍ وَابْنَتُهَا ابْنَةُ مَخَاضٍ، فَتَمْكُثُ النَّاقَةُ حَامِلًا سَنَةً ثَانِيَةً، ثُمَّ تَلِدُ، فَإِذَا وَلَدَتْ صَارَ لَهَا ابْنٌ فَسُمِّيَتْ لَبُونًا وَابْنُهَا ابْنُ لَبُونٍ، وَابْنَتُهَا ابْنَةُ لَبُونٍ، وَقَدْ تَمَّ لِلْوَلَدِ سَنَتَانِ، وَدَخَلَ فِي السَّنَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ، فَإِذَا مَكَثَ الْوَلَدُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ تَمَامَ السَّنَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ، وَدَخَلَ فِي السَّنَةِ الرَّابِعَةِ سُمِّيَ حِقَّةٌ، وَإِنَّمَا تُسَمَّى حِقَّةً؛ لِأَنَّهَا إِنْ كَانَتْ أُنْثَى اسْتَحَقَّتْ أَنْ يُحْمَلَ الْفَحْلُ عَلَيْهَا، وَتُحْمَلَ عَلَيْهَا الْأَحْمَالُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ ذَكَرًا اسْتُحِقَّ الْحَمُولَةَ عَلَيْهِ، فَسُمِّيَ حِقَّةً لِهَذِهِ الْعِلَّةِ، فَأَمَّا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنَّمَا يُضَافُ الْوَلَدُ إِلَى الْأُمِّ فَيُسَمَّى إِذَا تَمَّ لَهُ سَنَةٌ، وَدَخَلَ فِي السَّنَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ ابْنُ مَخَاضٍ؛ لِأَنَّ أُمَّهُ مِنَ الْمَخَاضِ، وَإِذَا تَمَّ لَهُ سَنَتَانِ وَدَخَلَ فِي السَّنَةَ الثَّالِثَةَ سُمِّيَ ابْنُ لَبُونٍ؛ لِأَنَّ أُمَّهُ لَبُونٌ بَعْدَ وَضْعِ الْحَمْلِ الثَّانِي، وَإِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ حِقَّةً لِعِلَّةِ نَفْسِهِ عَلَى مَا بَيَّنْتُ أَنَّهُ يَسْتَحِقُّ الْحَمُولَةَ، فَإِذَا تَمَّ لَهُ أَرْبَعُ سِنِينَ، وَدَخَلَ فِي السَّنَةِ الْخَامِسَةِ فَهُوَ حِينَئِذٍ جَذَعَةٌ، فَإِذَا تَمَّ لَهُ خَمْسُ سِنِينَ، وَدَخَلَ فِي السَّنَةِ السَّادِسَةِ، فَهُوَ ثَنِيٌّ، فَإِذَا مَضَتْ وَدَخَلَ فِي السَّابِعَةِ، فَهُوَ حِينَئِذٍ رَبَاعٌ، وَالْأُنْثَى رَبَاعِيَةٌ، فَلَا يَزَالُ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَمْضِيَ السَّنَةُ السَّابِعَةُ، فَإِذَا مَضَتِ السَّابِعَةُ، وَدَخَلَ فِي الثَّامِنَةِ أَلْقَى السِّنَّ الَّتِي بَعْدَ الرَّبَاعِيَّةِ، فَهُوَ حِينَئِذٍ سَدِيسٌ وَسَدَسٌ لُغَتَانِ، وَكَذَلِكَ الْأُنْثَى لَفْظُهُمَا فِي هَذِهِ السِّنِّ وَاحِدَةٌ، فَلَا يَزَالُ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَمْضِيَ السَّنَةُ الثَّامِنَةُ، فَإِذَا مَضَتِ الثَّامِنَةُ، وَدَخَلَ فِي التَّاسِعَةِ، فَقَدْ فُطِرَ نَابُهُ وَطَلَعَ، فَهُوَ حِينَئِذٍ بَازِلٌ، وَكَذَلِكَ الْأُنْثَى بَازِلٌ بِلَفْظِهِ، فَلَا يَزَالُ بَازِلًا حَتَّى تَمْضِيَ التَّاسِعَةَ، فَإِذَا مَضَتْ وَدَخَلَ فِي الْعَاشِرَةِ فَهُوَ حِينَئِذٍ مُخْلِفٌ، ثُمَّ لَيْسَ لَهُ اسْمٌ بَعْدَ الْإِخْلَافِ، وَلَكِنْ يُقَالُ بَازِلُ عَامٍ، وَبَازِلُ عَامَيْنِ، وَمُخْلِفُ عَامٍ، وَمُخْلِفُ عَامَيْنِ إِلَى مَا زَادَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، فَإِذَا كَبُرَ فَهُوَ عُودٌ وَالْأُنْثَى عُودَةٌ، وَإِذَا هَرِمَ فَهُوَ قَحْرٌ لِلذَّكَرِ، وَأَمَّا الْأُنْثَى فَهِيَ النَّابُ وَالشَّارِفُ. كذا في طبعة دار الميمان، وفي طبعة المكتب الإسلامي زيادة: عز وجل. كذا في طبعة دار الميمان، وفي طبعة المكتب الإسلامي: والتي. كذا في طبعة دار الميمان، وفي طبعة المكتب الإسلامي: الحمل. كذا في طبعة دار الميمان، وفي طبعة المكتب الإسلامي: أربعا. كذا في طبعة دار الميمان، وفي طبعة المكتب الإسلامي: يمضي. كذا في طبعة دار الميمان، وفي طبعة المكتب الإسلامي: هذا. كذا في طبعة دار الميمان، وفي طبعة المكتب الإسلامي: بان. كذا في طبعة دار الميمان، وفي طبعة المكتب الإسلامي: يمضي.

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. Muḥammad b. Bashhār Bundār And Muḥammad b. Yaḥyá Waʾabū Mūsá Muḥammad b. al-Muthanná Wayūsuf b. Mūsá
  2. Ūā
  3. Muḥammad b. ʿAbdullāh al-Anṣārī
  4. my father
  5. Thumāmah
  6. Anas b. Mālik
  7. Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq Lammā Āstukhlif Katab Lah Ḥīn Wajjahah
  8. al-Baḥrayn Fakatab Lah Hadhā al-Kitāb

✧ In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. This is the obligatory charity that the Messenger of God ﷺ imposed upon the Muslims, which God commanded His Messenger. Whoever is asked for it from the Muslims according to its proper manner, let him give it. Whoever is asked beyond it, let him not give it. For twenty-four camels or less, the charity is sheep: for every five, one sheep. When camels reach twenty-five to thirty-five, a one-year-old female camel (bint makhad) is due. If there is no bint makhad, then a two-year-old male camel (ibn labun). When they reach thirty-six to forty-five, a two-year-old female camel (bint labun) is due. When they reach forty-six to sixty, a three-year-old female camel (hiqqah) that can be mounted for breeding is due. When they reach sixty-one to seventy-five, a four-year-old female camel (jadha'ah) is due. When they reach seventy-six to ninety, two bint labun are due. When they reach ninety-one to one hundred and twenty, two hiqqahs suitable for breeding with the male are due. If they exceed one hundred and twenty, then for every forty a bint labun is due, and for every fifty a hiqqah. Whoever has only four camels, there is no charity on them unless their owner wishes. When they reach five camels, one sheep is due. The charity of sheep in their freely grazing herds: if they are forty to one hundred and twenty, one sheep; if they exceed one hundred and twenty up to two hundred, two sheep; if they exceed two hundred up to three hundred, three sheep; if they exceed three hundred, then for every hundred one sheep. If a man's freely grazing sheep are less than forty by one, there is no charity on them unless their owner wishes." Then he mentioned the hadith in full. This is the hadith of Bundar. Abu Bakr said: When a she-camel gives birth and her offspring completes one year and enters the second year, if the newborn is male, he is called ibn makhad, and if female, bint makhad. This is because a she-camel, after giving birth, does not return to the male for mating until a year has passed. When a full year has passed since her giving birth, she returns to the male, and when the male mates with her, she joins the makhad, which are the pregnant camels. The mother is from the mawakhir, meaning the pregnant camels in which the fetus has moved. Thus her son is ibn makhad and her daughter bint makhad. The she-camel remains pregnant for a second year, then gives birth. When she gives birth, she has a son, and she is called labun, her son ibn labun, and her daughter bint labun. The offspring has completed two years and entered the third. When the offspring then remains for the completion of the third year and enters the fourth, it is called hiqqah. It is called hiqqah because, if female, she deserves to be mounted by the male and carry loads; if male, he deserves to be a beast of burden. Hence it is named hiqqah for this reason. Before that, the offspring is attributed to the mother: when it completes one year and enters the second, it is called ibn makhad because its mother is among the makhad. When it completes two years and enters the third, it is called ibn labun because its mother is labun after giving birth to the second offspring. It is called hiqqah because of its own merit, as I explained, deserving to carry burdens. When it completes four years and enters the fifth, it is then jadha'ah. When it completes five years and enters the sixth, it is thaniyy. When it passes and enters the seventh, it is then raba', and the female raba'iyyah. It remains so until the seventh year passes; when the seventh passes and it enters the eighth, it sheds the tooth after the raba'iyyah, and it is then sadis or sadas, both variants; likewise the female has the same term at this age. It remains so until the eighth year passes; when the eighth passes and it enters the ninth, its canine tooth has erupted and appeared, and it is then bazil; likewise the female is bazil with the same word. It remains bazil until the ninth passes; when it passes and it enters the tenth, it is then mukhlif. Then it has no name after ikhlaf, but it is said bazil of one year, bazil of two years, mukhlif of one year, mukhlif of two years, and so on. When it grows old, it is 'ud, and the female 'udah; when it becomes decrepit, the male is qahr, and the female is nab and sharif.

Grades by grader

No grade is recorded for this wording.