Sirat Ibn Hisham 265
The beginning of Gabriel's descent (peace be upon him)
[ بَحْثٌ لُغَوِيٌّ لِابْنِ هِشَامٍ فِي مَعْنَى التَّحَنُّثِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: تَقُولُ الْعَرَبُ: التَّحَنُّثُ وَالتَّحَنُّفُ، يُرِيدُونَ الْحَنَفِيَّةَ فَيُبْدِلُونَ الْفَاءَ مِنْ الثَّاءِ، كَمَا قَالُوا: جَدَثَ، وَجَدَفَ، يُرِيدُونَ الْقَبْرَ. قَالَ رُؤْبَةُ بْنُ الْعَجَّاجِ:: لَوْ كَانَ أَحْجَارِي مَعَ الْأَجْدَافِ يُرِيدُ: الْأَجْدَاثَ. وَهَذَا الْبَيْتُ فِي أُرْجُوزَةٍ لَهُ. وَبَيْتُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فِي قَصِيدَةٍ لَهُ، سَأَذْكُرُهَا إنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ فِي مَوْضِعِهَا. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَحَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ أَنَّ الْعَرَبَ تَقُولُ: فَمَّ، فِي مَوْضِعِ ثُمَّ، يُبْدِلُونَ الْفَاءَ مِنْ الثَّاءِ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي وَهْبُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ عُبَيْدٌ: فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُجَاوِرُ ذَلِكَ الشَّهْرَ مِنْ كُلِّ سَنَةٍ، يُطْعِمُ مَنْ جَاءَهُ مِنْ الْمَسَاكِينِ، فَإِذَا قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جِوَارَهُ مِنْ شَهْرِهِ ذَلِكَ، كَانَ أَوَّلُ مَا يَبْدَأُ بِهِ، إذَا انْصَرَفَ مِنْ جِوَارِهِ، الْكَعْبَةَ، قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بَيْتَهُ، فَيَطُوفُ بِهَا سَبْعًا أَوْ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ إلَى بَيْتِهِ، حَتَّى إذَا كَانَ الشَّهْرُ الَّذِي أَرَادَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِهِ فِيهِ مَا أَرَادَ مِنْ كَرَامَتِهِ، مِنْ السَّنَةِ الَّتِي بَعَثَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِيهَا؛ وَذَلِكَ الشَّهْرُ ( شَهْرُ ) رَمَضَانَ، خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إلَى حِرَاءٍ، كَمَا كَانَ يَخْرُجُ لِجِوَارِهِ وَمَعَهُ أَهْلُهُ، حَتَّى إذَا كَانَتْ اللَّيْلَةُ الَّتِي أَكْرَمَهُ اللَّهُ فِيهَا بِرِسَالَتِهِ، وَرَحِمَ الْعِبَادَ بِهَا، جَاءَهُ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى. قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: فَجَاءَنِي جِبْرِيلُ، وَأَنَا نَائِمٌ، بِنَمَطٍ مِنْ دِيبَاجٍ فِيهِ كِتَابٌ، فَقَالَ اقْرَأْ؛ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: مَا أَقْرَأُ ؟ قَالَ: فَغَتَّنِي بِهِ حَتَّى ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ الْمَوْتُ، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَنِي فَقَالَ: اقْرَأْ؛ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: مَا أَقْرَأُ ؟ قَالَ: فَغَتَّنِي بِهِ حَتَّى ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ الْمَوْتُ، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَنِي، فَقَالَ: اقْرَأْ؛ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: مَاذَا أَقْرَأُ ؟ قَالَ: فَغَتَّنِي بِهِ حَتَّى ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ الْمَوْتُ، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَنِي، فَقَالَ: اقْرَأْ؛ قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: مَاذَا أَقْرَأُ ؟ مَا أَقُولُ ذَلِكَ إلَّا افْتِدَاءً مِنْهُ أَنْ يَعُودَ لِي بِمِثْلِ مَا صَنَعَ بِي، فَقَالَ: اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الْأَكْرَمُ الَّذِي عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ عَلَّمَ الْإِنْسَانَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ قَالَ: فَقَرَأْتهَا ثُمَّ انْتَهَى فَانْصَرَفَ عَنِّي وَهَبَبْتُ مِنْ نَوْمِي، فَكَأَنَّمَا كَتَبْتُ فِي قَلْبِي كِتَابًا. قَالَ: فَخَرَجْتُ حَتَّى إذَا كُنْتُ فِي وَسَطٍ مِنْ الْجَبَلِ سَمِعْتُ صَوْتًا مِنْ السَّمَاءِ يَقُولُ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، أَنْتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَأَنَا جِبْرِيلُ؛ قَالَ: فَرَفَعْتُ رَأْسِي إلَى السَّمَاءِ أَنْظُرُ، فَإِذَا جِبْرِيلُ فِي صُورَةِ رَجُلٍ صَافٍّ قَدَمَيْهِ فِي أُفُقِ السَّمَاءِ يَقُولُ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، أَنْتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَأَنَا جِبْرِيلُ. قَالَ: فَوَقَفْتُ أَنْظُرُ إلَيْهِ فَمَا أَتَقَدَّمُ وَمَا أَتَأَخَّرُ، وَجَعَلْتُ أَصْرِفُ وَجْهِي عَنْهُ فِي آفَاقِ السَّمَاءِ، قَالَ: فَلَا أَنْظُرُ فِي نَاحِيَةٍ مِنْهَا إلَّا رَأَيْتُهُ كَذَلِكَ، فَمَا زِلْتُ وَاقِفًا مَا أَتَقَدَّمُ أَمَامِي وَمَا أَرْجِعُ وَرَائِي حَتَّى بَعَثَتْ خَدِيجَةُ رُسُلَهَا فِي طَلَبِي، فَبَلَغُوا أَعْلَى مَكَّةَ وَرَجَعُوا إلَيْهَا وَأَنَا وَاقِفٌ فِي مَكَانِي ذَلِكَ؛ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ عَنِّي
Translation
✧ [A linguistic discussion by Ibn Hishām on the meaning of taḥannuth] Ibn Hishām said: The Arabs say al-taḥannuth and al-taḥannuf, meaning al-ḥanafiyyah, substituting fāʾ for thāʾ, as they say jadath and jadaf, meaning the grave. Ruʾbah b. al-ʿAjjāj said: If my stones were with the ajdāf, meaning al-ajdāth. This verse is in one of his urjūzahs. The verse of Abū Ṭālib is in a qaṣīdah of his, which I shall mention, God willing, in its proper place. Ibn Hishām said: Abū ʿUbaydah related to me that the Arabs say famm in place of thumm, substituting fāʾ for thāʾ. Ibn Isḥāq said: Wahb b. Kaysān related to me, saying: ʿUbayd said: The Messenger of God ﷺ used to observe seclusion during that month every year, feeding the poor who came to him. When the Messenger of God ﷺ completed his seclusion for that month, the first thing he would begin with, upon leaving his retreat, was the Kaʿbah, before entering his house; he would circumambulate it seven times, or as many as God willed, then return to his house. Until when it was the month in which God Most High willed for him what He willed of His honor, in the year in which God Most High sent him; and that month was the month of Ramaḍān, the Messenger of God ﷺ went out to Ḥirāʾ as he used to go out for his seclusion, with his family. Until when it was the night in which God honored him with His message and showed mercy to His servants through it, Gabriel ﷺ came to him with the command of God Most High. The Messenger of God ﷺ said: Gabriel came to me while I was sleeping, with a brocade cloth in which there was writing, and said, “Read.” He said: I said, “What shall I read?” He said: Then he pressed me with it until I thought it was death, then he released me and said, “Read.” He said: I said, “What shall I read?” He said: Then he pressed me with it until I thought it was death, then he released me, and said, “Read.” He said: I said, “What shall I read?” He said: Then he pressed me with it until I thought it was death, then he released me, and said, “Read.” He said: Then I said, “What shall I read?”—I said that only to protect myself from him returning to me with the like of what he had done to me. Then he said: “Read in the name of your Lord who created, created man from a clinging clot. Read, and your Lord is the Most Generous, who taught by the pen, taught man what he did not know.” He said: So I read it. Then he stopped and departed from me, and I awoke from my sleep, and it was as though a book had been written in my heart. He said: I went out, and when I was in the middle of the mountain, I heard a voice from the sky saying, “O Muḥammad, you are the Messenger of God, and I am Gabriel.” He said: I raised my head to the sky to look, and there was Gabriel in the form of a man, standing with his feet set in the horizon of the sky, saying, “O Muḥammad, you are the Messenger of God, and I am Gabriel.” He said: I stood looking at him, neither advancing nor retreating, and I began turning my face away from him toward the horizons of the sky. He said: In no direction did I look but I saw him thus. I remained standing, neither advancing forward nor going back, until Khadījah sent her messengers in search of me. They reached the upper part of Makkah and returned to her while I was standing in that place of mine; then he departed from me.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.