Sirat Ibn Hisham 1174
What was revealed concerning the trench and Banū Qurayẓa
[ تَفْسِيرُ ابْنِ هِشَامٍ لِبَعْضِ الْغَرِيبِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: الْأَقْطَارُ: الْجَوَانِبُ، وَوَاحِدُهَا: قُطْرٌ، وَهِيَ الْأَقْتَارُ، وَوَاحِدُهَا: قَتَرٌ. قَالَ الْفَرَزْدَقُ: كَمْ مِنْ غِنًى فَتَحَ الْإِلَهُ لَهُمْ بِهِ وَالْخَيْلُ مُقْعِيَةٌ عَلَى الْأَقْطَارِ وَيُرْوَى: عَلَى الْأَقْتَارِ. وَهَذَا الْبَيْتُ فِي قَصِيدَةٍ لَهُ. ثُمَّ سُئِلُوا الْفِتْنَةَ أَيْ الرُّجُوعَ إلَى الشِّرْكِ لَآتَوْهَا وَمَا تَلَبَّثُوا بِهَا إِلَّا يَسِيرًا وَلَقَدْ كَانُوا عَاهَدُوا اللَّهَ مِنْ قَبْلُ لَا يُوَلُّونَ الْأَدْبَارَ وَكَانَ عَهْدُ اللَّهِ مَسْئُولًا فَهُمْ بَنُو حَارِثَةَ، وَهُمْ الَّذِينَ هَمُّوا أَنْ يَفْشَلُوا يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ مَعَ بَنِي سَلِمَةَ حَيْنَ هَمَّتَا بِالْفَشَلِ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، ثُمَّ عَاهَدُوا اللَّهَ أَنْ لَا يَعُودُوا لِمِثْلِهَا أَبَدًا، فَذَكَرَ لَهُمْ الَّذِي أَعْطَوْا مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ، ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: قُلْ لَنْ يَنْفَعَكُمُ الْفِرَارُ إِنْ فَرَرْتُمْ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ أَوِ الْقَتْلِ وَإِذًا لَا تُمَتَّعُونَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا قُلْ مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَعْصِمُكُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ إِنْ أَرَادَ بِكُمْ سُوءًا أَوْ أَرَادَ بِكُمْ رَحْمَةً وَلَا يَجِدُونَ لَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَلِيًّا وَلَا نَصِيرًا قَدْ يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ الْمُعَوِّقِينَ مِنْكُمْ أَيْ أَهْلَ النِّفَاقِ وَالْقَائِلِينَ لِإِخْوَانِهِمْ هَلُمَّ إِلَيْنَا وَلَا يَأْتُونَ الْبَأْسَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا أَيْ إلَّا دَفْعًا وَتَعْذِيرًا أَشِحَّةً عَلَيْكُمْ أَيْ لِلضَّغَنِ الَّذِي فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ فَإِذَا جَاءَ الْخَوْفُ رَأَيْتَهُمْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيْكَ تَدُورُ أَعْيُنُهُمْ كَالَّذِي يُغْشَى عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ أَيْ إعْظَامًا لَهُ وَفَرَقًا مِنْهُ فَإِذَا ذَهَبَ الْخَوْفُ سَلَقُوكُمْ بِأَلْسِنَةٍ حِدَادٍ أَيْ فِي الْقَوْلِ بِمَا لَا تُحِبُّونَ، لِأَنَّهُمْ لَا يَرْجُونَ آخِرَةً، وَلَا تَحْمِلهُمْ حِسْبَةٌ، فَهُمْ يَهَابُونَ الْمَوْتَ هَيْبَةَ مَنْ لَا يَرْجُو مَا بَعْدَهُ
Translation
✧ [Ibn Hishām's explanation of some rare words] Ibn Hishām said: al-aqṭār are the sides, and its singular is quṭr, and they are al-aqtār, and its singular is qatar. Al-Farazdaq said: How many a source of wealth did God open for them through it, while the horses are crouching upon the aqṭār (sides) — and it is also related: upon the aqtār. And this verse is in a poem of his. Then they were tempted to discord — that is, to return to polytheism — they would have fallen into it, and would not have lingered over it except a little. And they had already covenanted with God before that they would not turn their backs; and God's covenant is ever answerable. They are the Banū Ḥārithah, and they are the ones who resolved to fail on the day of Uḥud together with the Banū Salimah, when the two tribes resolved to fail on the day of Uḥud, then they covenanted with God that they would never return to the like of it again; so He reminded them of what they had given of themselves. Then He, exalted is He, said: Say: 'Flight will not profit you, if you flee from death or slaughter; and then you will not be given enjoyment except a little.' Say: 'Who is it that can protect you from God, if He intends evil for you, or intends mercy for you?' And they will not find for themselves, besides God, any protector or helper. God surely knows those of you who hinder — that is, the people of hypocrisy — and those who say to their brothers, 'Come to us,' and do not come to the battle except a little — that is, except by way of repelling and making excuses — being miserly toward you — that is, because of the rancor that is in their souls. And when fear comes, you see them looking at you, their eyes rolling like one who swoons from death — that is, out of magnifying it and terror of it. And when fear departs, they assail you with sharp tongues — that is, in speech with what you do not like, because they do not hope for the Hereafter, and no reckoning restrains them; so they dread death with the dread of one who does not hope for what comes after it.
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