Tarikh (al-Tabari) 986
The Great Expedition of Badr
مَقْتَلُ أَبِي جَهْلٍ لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَأَقْبَلَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَرْتَجِزُ وَيَقُولُ: مَا تَنْقِمُ الْحَرْبُ الْعَوَانُ مِنِّي بَازِلُ عَامَيْنِ حَدِيثٌ سِنِّي لِمِثْلِ هَذَا وَلَدَتْنِي أُمِّي قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَلَمَّا فَرَغَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ، أَمَرَ بِأَبِي جَهْلٍ أَنْ يُلْتَمَسَ فِي الْقَتْلَى، وَكَانَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ لَقِيَ أَبَا جَهْلٍ، كَمَا حَدَّثَنِي ثَوْرُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ أَيْضًا قَدْ حَدَّثَنِي ذَلِكَ، قَالَا: قَالَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْجَمُوحِ أَخُو بَنِي سَلَمَةَ: سَمِعْتُ الْقَوْمَ، وَأَبُو جَهْلٍ فِي مِثْلِ الْحَرَجَةِ، وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ: أَبُو الْحَكَمِ لَا يُخْلَصُ إِلَيْهِ. فَلَمَّا سَمِعْتُهَا جَعَلْتُهُ مِنْ شَأْنِي، فَصَمَدْتُ نَحْوَهُ، فَلَمَّا أَمْكَنَنِي، حَمَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَضَرَبْتُهُ ضَرْبَةً أَطَنَّتْ قَدَمَهُ بِنِصْفِ سَاقِهِ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا شَبَّهْتُهَا حِينَ طَاحَتْ، إِلَّا بِالنَّوَاةِ تَطِيحُ مِنْ تَحْتِ مِرْضَخَةِ النَّوَى حِينَ يُضْرَبُ بِهَا. قَالَ: وَضَرَبَنِي ابْنُهُ عِكْرِمَةُ عَلَى عَاتِقِي، فَطَرَحَ يَدِي فَتَعَلَّقَتْ بِجِلْدَةٍ مِنْ جَنْبِي، وَأَجْهَضَنِي الْقِتَالُ عَنْهُ، فَلَقَدْ قَاتَلْتُ عَامَّةَ يَوْمِي وَإِنِّي لَأَسْحَبُهَا خَلْفِي، فَلَمَّا آذَتْنِي وَضَعْتُ عَلَيْهَا قَدَمِي، ثُمَّ تَمَطَّيْتُ بِهَا عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى طَرَحْتُهَا - قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ عَاشَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى كَانَ زَمَنُ عُثْمَانَ. عبد الله بن مسعود يقطع رأس أبي جهل فَمَرَّ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ بِأَبِي جَهْلٍ، حِينَ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُلْتَمَسَ فِي الْقَتْلَى، وَقَدْ قَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي: انْظُرُوا، إِنْ خَفِيَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْقَتْلَى، إِلَى أَثَرِ جُرْحٍ فِي رُكْبَتِهِ، فَإِنِّي ازْدَحَمْتُ أَنَا وَهُوَ يَوْمًا عَلَى مَأْدُبَةٍ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جُدْعَانَ وَنَحْنُ غُلَامَانِ، وَكُنْتُ أَشَفُّ مِنْهُ بِيَسِيرٍ، فَدَفَعْتُهُ فَوَقَعَ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ فَجُحِشَ فِي إِحْدَاهُمَا جَحْشًا لَمْ يَزَلْ أَثَرُهُ بِهِ. قَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: فَوَجَدْتُهُ بِآخِرِ رَمَقٍ فَعَرَفْتُهُ، فَوَضَعْتُ رِجْلِي عَلَى عُنُقِهِ - قَالَ: وَقَدْ كَانَ ضَبَثَ بِي مَرَّةً بِمَكَّةَ، فَآذَانِي وَلَكَزَنِي - ثُمَّ قُلْتُ لَهُ: هَلْ أَخْزَاكَ اللَّهُ يَا عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ ؟ قَالَ: وَبِمَاذَا أَخْزَانِي ؟ قَالَ: أَعْمَدُ مِنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلْتُمُوهُ، أَخْبَرَنِي لِمَنِ الدَّائِرَةُ الْيَوْمَ ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَزَعَمَ رِجَالٌ مِنْ بَنِي مَخْزُومٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ كَانَ يَقُولُ: قَالَ لِي: لَقَدِ ارْتَقَيْتَ مُرْتَقًى صَعْبًا يَا رُوَيْعِيَّ الْغَنَمِ. قَالَ: ثُمَّ احْتَزَزْتُ رَأْسَهُ، ثُمَّ جِئْتُ بِهِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هَذَا رَأْسُ عَدُوِّ اللَّهِ. فَقَالَ: آللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ غَيْرُهُ ؟ وَكَانَتْ يَمِينُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَلْتُ: نَعَمْ، وَاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ غَيْرُهُ. ثُمَّ أَلْقَيْتُ رَأْسَهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ. هَكَذَا ذَكَرَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ. وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي " الصَّحِيحَيْنِ "، مِنْ طَرِيقِ يُوسُفَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ الْمَاجِشُونِ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، قَالَ: إِنِّي لَوَاقِفٌ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ فِي الصَّفِّ، فَنَظَرْتُ عَنْ يَمِينِي وَشِمَالِي، فَإِذَا أَنَا بَيْنَ غُلَامَيْنِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ حَدِيثَةٍ أَسْنَانُهُمَا، فَتَمَنَّيْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ بَيْنَ أَضْلَعَ مِنْهُمَا، فَغَمَزَنِي أَحَدُهُمَا فَقَالَ: يَا عَمِّ، أَتَعْرِفُ أَبَا جَهْلٍ ؟ فَقُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، وَمَا حَاجَتُكَ إِلَيْهِ ؟ قَالَ: أُخْبِرْتُ أَنَّهُ يَسُبُّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَئِنْ رَأَيْتُهُ، لَا يُفَارِقُ سَوَادِي سَوَادَهُ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ الْأَعْجَلُ مِنَّا، فَتَعَجَّبْتُ لِذَلِكَ، فَغَمَزَنِي الْآخَرُ فَقَالَ لِي أَيْضًا مِثْلَهَا، فَلَمْ أَنْشَبْ أَنْ نَظَرْتُ إِلَى أَبِي جَهْلٍ وَهُوَ يَجُولُ فِي النَّاسِ، فَقُلْتُ أَلَا تَرَيَانِ ؟ هَذَا صَاحَبُكُمَا الَّذِي تَسْأَلَانِ عَنْهُ. فَابْتَدَرَاهُ بِسَيْفَيْهِمَا فَضَرَبَاهُ حَتَّى قَتَلَاهُ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَاهُ فَقَالَ: أَيُّكُمَا قَتَلَهُ ؟ قَالَ كُلٌّ مِنْهُمَا: أَنَا قَتَلْتُهُ. قَالَ: هَلْ مَسَحْتُمَا سَيْفَيْكُمَا ؟ قَالَا: لَا. قَالَ: فَنَظَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي السَّيْفَيْنِ فَقَالَ: كِلَاكُمَا قَتَلَهُ. وَقَضَى بِسَلَبِهِ لِمُعَاذِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْجَمُوحِ. وَالْآخَرُ مُعَاذُ ابْنُ عَفْرَاءَ. وَفِي " الصَّحِيحَيْنِ " أَيْضًا، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: مَنْ يَنْظُرُ مَا صَنَعَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ ؟ قَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَانْطَلَقَ، فَوَجَدَهُ قَدْ ضَرَبَهُ ابْنَا عَفْرَاءَ حَتَّى بَرَدَ قَالَ فَأَخَذَ بِلِحْيَتِهِ. قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: أَنْتَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ ؟ فَقَالَ: وَهُوَ فَوْقَ رَجُلٍ قَتَلْتُمُوهُ. أَوْ قَالَ قَتَلَهُ قَوْمُهُ. . وَقَالَ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَزَارِيُّ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، فَقُلْتُ: قَدْ قَتَلْتُ أَبَا جَهْلٍ. فَقَالَ: آللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ؟ فَقُلْتُ: آللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ. مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا. قَالَ: فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي صَدَقَ وَعْدَهُ، وَنَصَرَ عَبْدَهُ، وَهَزَمَ الْأَحْزَابَ وَحْدَهُ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: انْطَلِقْ فَأَرِنِيهِ. فَانْطَلَقْتُ فَأَرَيْتُهُ فَقَالَ: هَذَا فِرْعَوْنُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ. وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ، وَالنَّسَائِيُّ. مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ السَّبِيعِيِّ بِهِ. وَقَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: وَقَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى مَصْرَعِ ابْنَيْ عَفْرَاءَ فَقَالَ: رَحِمَ اللَّهُ ابْنَيْ عَفْرَاءَ، فَهُمَا شُرَكَاءُ فِي قَتْلِ فِرْعَوْنِ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ وَرَأْسِ أَئِمَّةِ الْكُفْرِ. فَقِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَمَنْ قَتَلَهُ مَعَهُمَا ؟ قَالَ: الْمَلَائِكَةُ، وَابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ قَدْ شَرِكَ فِي قَتْلِهِ. رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ. صلاة رسول الله ﷺ ركعتين حين بلغه مقتل أبي جهل وَقَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَاكِمُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْأَصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَنْبَسَةَ بْنِ الْأَزْهَرِ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: لَمَّا جَاءَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْبَشِيرُ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ بِقَتْلِ أَبِي جَهْلٍ، اسْتَحْلَفَهُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيْمَانٍ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ، لَقَدْ رَأَيْتَهُ قَتِيلًا ؟ فَحَلَفَ لَهُ، فَخَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَاجِدًا. ثُمَّ رَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ، مِنْ طَرِيقِ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ رَجَاءٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْثَاءِ، امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ بَنِي أَسَدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ، حِينَ بُشِّرَ بِالْفَتْحِ وَحِينَ جِيءَ بِرَأْسِ أَبِي جَهْلٍ وَقَالَ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بِشْرٍ بَكْرُ بْنُ خَلَفٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَلَمَةُ بْنُ رَجَاءٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَتْنِي شَعْثَاءُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَّى يَوْمَ بُشِّرَ بِرَأْسِ أَبِي جَهْلٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي الدُّنْيَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُجَالِدٌ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِنِّي مَرَرْتُ بِبَدْرٍ فَرَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا يَخْرُجُ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ، فَيَضْرِبُهُ رَجُلٌ بِمِقْمَعَةٍ مَعَهُ حَتَّى يَغِيبَ فِي الْأَرْضِ، ثُمَّ يَخْرُجُ فَيَفْعَلُ بِهِ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ مِرَارًا. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: ذَاكَ أَبُو جَهْلِ بْنُ هِشَامٍ يُعَذَّبُ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ. التَّاسِعَ عَشَرَ: اخْتُلِفَ فِي قَاتِلِ أَبِي جَهْلٍ، فَفِي صَحِيحِ الْبُخَارِيِّ فِي كِتَابِ الْخُمُسِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْجَمُوحِ، وَمُعَاذَ ابْنَ عَفْرَاءَ قَتَلَا أَبَا جَهْلٍ، وَفِيهِ أَيْضًا عَنْ أَنَسٍ أَنَّ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ انْطَلَقَ لِيَنْظُرَ أَبَا جَهْلٍ فَوَجَدَهُ قَدْ ضَرَبَهُ ابْنَا عَفْرَاءَ حَتَّى بَرَدَ -بِفَتْحِ الْمُوَحَّدَةِ وَالرَّاءِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ- أَيْ مَاتَ، أَوْ صَارَ فِي حَالِ مَنْ مَاتَ، وَلَمْ يَبْقَ فِيهِ سِوَى حَرَكَةِ الْمَذْبُوحِ، وَابْنَا عَفْرَاءَ هُمَا مُعَاذٌ وَمُعَوِّذٌ، بِتَشْدِيدِ الْوَاوِ. وَعِنْدَ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْجَمُوحِ أَنَّهُ ضَرَبَ أَبَا جَهْلِ ضَرْبَةً أَطَنَّتْ قَدَمَهُ، ثُمَّ مَرَّ بِهِ مُعَوِّذُ ابْنُ عَفْرَاءَ فَضَرَبَهُ حَتَّى أَثْبَتَهُ وَبِهِ رَمَقٌ، ثُمَّ مَرَّ بِأَبِي جَهْلِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ وَبِهِ رَمَقٌ فَذَكَرَ مَا سَبَقَ فِي الْقِصَّةِ، وَاحْتَزَّ رَأْسَهُ. قَالَ فِي الْفَتْحِ بَعْدَ ذِكْرِ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَوْفٍ: عَفْرَاءُ: وَالِدَةُ مُعَوِّذٍ وَاسْمُ أَبِيهِ الْحَارِثُ. وَأَمَّا مُعَاذُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْجَمُوحِ فَلَيْسَ اسْمُ أُمِّهِ عَفْرَاءَ، وَإِنَّمَا أُطْلِقَ عَلَيْهِ تَغْلِيبًا، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ تَكُونَ أُمُّ مُعَاذٍ أَيْضًا تُسَمَّى عَفْرَاءَ، أَوْ أَنَّهُ كَانَ لِمُعَوِّذٍ أَخٌ يُسَمَّى مُعَاذًا بَاسِمِ الَّذِي شَرِكَهُ فِي قَتْلِ أَبِي جَهْلِ ظَنَّهُ الرَّاوِي أَخَاهُ، وَمَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَ الْأَحَادِيثِ، لَكِنَّهُ يُخَالِفُ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عَوْفٍ أَنَّهُ رَأَى مُعَاذَ ابْنَ عَفْرَاءَ وَمُعَاذَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو شَدَّا عَلَيْهِ جَمِيعًا حَتَّى طَرَحَاهُ، وَابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ يَقُولُ: إِنَّ ابْنَ عَفْرَاءَ هُوَ مُعَوِّذٌ، وَالَّذِي فِي الصَّحِيحِ مُعَاذٌ وَهُمَا أَخَوَانِ، فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُعَاذُ ابْنُ عَفْرَاءَ شَدَّ عَلَيْهِ فَتَجْتَمِعُ الْأَقْوَالُ كُلُّهَا، وَإِطْلَاقُ كَوْنِهِمَا قَتَلَاهُ يُخَالِفُ فِي الظَّاهِرِ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّهُ وَجَدَهُ وَبِهِ رَمَقٌ، وَهُوَ مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُمَا بَلَغَا بِهِ بِضَرْبِهِمَا إِيَّاهُ بِسَيْفَيْهِمَا مَنْزِلَةَ الْمَقْتُولِ، حَتَّى لَمْ يَبْقَ إِلَّا مِثْلُ حَرَكَةِ الْمَذْبُوحِ، وَفِي تِلْكَ الْحَالَةِ لَقِيَهُ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ. وَأَمَّا مَا ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ عُتْبَةَ وَأَبُو الْأَسْوَدِ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ: أَنَّ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّهُ وَجَدَ أَبَا جَهْلٍ مَصْرُوعًا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْمَعْرَكَةِ غَيْرُ كَثِيرٍ، مُتَقَنِّعًا فِي الْحَدِيدِ وَاضِعًا سَيْفَهُ عَلَى فَخِذِهِ، إِلَى آخِرِ مَا ذُكِرَ فِي الْقِصَّةِ، فَيُحْمَلُ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ وَقَعَ بَعْدَ أَنْ خَاطَبَهُ كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ. أَوَّلُ رَأْسٍ حُمِلَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ رَأْسُ عَدُوِّ اللَّهِ أَبِي جَهْلٍ، وَحُمِلَ إِلَيْهِ رَأْسُ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْهُذَلِيِّ، حَمَلَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَنَسٍ كَمَا سَيَأْتِي، وَحُمِلَ إِلَيْهِ أَيْضًا رَأْسُ كَعْبِ بْنِ الْأَشْرَفِ كَمَا سَيَأْتِي، وَرَأْسُ أَبِي عَزَّةَ، وَمَرْحَبٍ الْيَهُودِيِّ كَمَا رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ، وَرَأْسُ الْعَنْسِيِّ الْكَذَّابِ كَمَا ذَكَرَهُ بَعْضُهُمْ، وَعَصْمَاءَ بِنْتِ مَرْوَانَ، وَرِفَاعَةَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ أَوْ قَيْسِ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ، وَأَوَّلُ مُسْلِمٍ حُمِلَ رَأْسُهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَمِقِ الْخُزَاعِيُّ ؓ. وَأَمَّا مَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي مَرَاسِيلِهِ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: لَمْ يُحْمَلْ.
Translation
✧ The Killing of Abū Jahl (may Allah curse him) Ibn Hishām said: On that day Abū Jahl came forward reciting rajaz and saying: What does the long war resent in me? A two-year-old bāzil, my age is recent. For the like of this my mother bore me. Ibn Isḥāq said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had finished with his enemy, he ordered that Abū Jahl be sought among the slain. The first to encounter Abū Jahl, as Thawr b. Zayd narrated to me, from ʿIkrimah, from Ibn ʿAbbās, and ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Bakr also narrated that to me, they said: Muʿādh b. ʿAmr b. al-Jamūḥ, brother of the Banū Salamah, said: I heard the people, while Abū Jahl was in the like of the thicket, saying: "Abū al-Ḥakam cannot be reached." When I heard that, I made it my concern and headed toward him. When I got the chance, I charged at him and struck him a blow that severed his foot at half his shin. By Allah, when it flew off, I compared it only to a date pit flying from beneath the date-pit crusher when it is struck with it. He said: His son ʿIkrimah struck me on my shoulder and flung off my arm, and it hung by a strip of skin from my side, and the fighting forced me away from him. I fought for most of my day while dragging it behind me, and when it pained me, I put my foot on it, then stretched myself over it until I flung it off. Ibn Isḥāq said: Then he lived after that until the time of ʿUthmān. ʿAbd Allāh b. Masʿūd cuts off the head of Abū Jahl Then ʿAbd Allāh b. Masʿūd passed by Abū Jahl when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered that he be sought among the slain, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had said to them, according to what reached me: "Look, if he is hidden from you among the slain, for the trace of a wound on his knee, for he and I once crowded together at a banquet of ʿAbd Allāh b. Judʿān when we were boys, and I was slightly taller than him, so I pushed him and he fell on his knees and one of them was grazed with a graze whose trace remained on him." Ibn Masʿūd said: I found him at his last breath and recognized him, so I put my foot on his neck. He said: He had once seized me in Makkah and harmed me and struck me. Then I said to him: "Has Allah disgraced you, O enemy of Allah?" He said: "And with what has He disgraced me? Am I more than a man you have killed? Tell me, for whom is the turn today?" He said: I said: "For Allah and His Messenger." Ibn Isḥāq said: Men of the Banū Makhzūm claimed that Ibn Masʿūd used to say: He said to me: "You have climbed a hard climb, O little shepherd of sheep." He said: Then I cut off his head, then I brought it to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: "O Messenger of Allah, this is the head of the enemy of Allah." He said: "By Allah, other than whom there is no god?" And that was the oath of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. I said: "Yes, by Allah, other than whom there is no god." Then I cast his head before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he praised Allah. Thus Ibn Isḥāq (may Allah have mercy on him) mentioned. It is established in the two Ṣaḥīḥs, by way of Yūsuf b. Yaʿqūb b. al-Mājishūn, from Ṣāliḥ b. Ibrāhīm b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf, from his father, from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf, who said: I was standing on the day of Badr in the rank, and I looked to my right and left, and there I was between two youths of the Anṣār, recent in age, and I wished I were between sturdier ones than them. One of them nudged me and said: "O uncle, do you know Abū Jahl?" I said: "Yes, and what is your need with him?" He said: "I have been told that he reviles the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. By Him in whose hand is my soul, if I see him, my darkness will not part from his darkness until the sooner of us dies." I marveled at that. Then the other nudged me and said the like to me. No sooner had I looked at Abū Jahl as he roamed among the people than I said: "Do you not see? This is your companion about whom you ask." They rushed at him with their swords and struck him until they killed him, then they went to the Prophet ﷺ and told him. He said: "Which of you killed him?" Each of them said: "I killed him." He said: "Did you wipe your swords?" They said: "No." He said: Then the Prophet ﷺ looked at the two swords and said: "Both of you killed him." And he ruled his spoils to Muʿādh b. ʿAmr b. al-Jamūḥ. The other was Muʿādh b. ʿAfrāʾ. In the two Ṣaḥīḥs also, from the ḥadīth of Sulaymān al-Taymī, from Anas b. Mālik, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Who will look at what Abū Jahl has done?" Ibn Masʿūd said: "I, O Messenger of Allah." So he went and found that the two sons of ʿAfrāʾ had struck him until he became cold. He said: He took hold of his beard. He said: I said: "Are you Abū Jahl?" He said: "And is he above a man you have killed?" Or he said: "His people killed him." . Abū Isḥāq al-Fazārī said, from al-Thawrī, from Abū Isḥāq, from Abū ʿUbaydah, from Ibn Masʿūd, who said: I came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on the day of Badr and said: "I have killed Abū Jahl." He said: "By Allah, other than whom there is no god?" I said: "By Allah, other than whom there is no god." Twice or thrice. He said: Then the Prophet ﷺ said: "Allah is greater. Praise be to Allah who fulfilled His promise, aided His servant, and routed the confederates alone." Then he said: "Go and show him to me." So I went and showed him, and he said: "This is the Pharaoh of this nation." Abū Dāwūd and al-Nasāʾī narrated it from the ḥadīth of Abū Isḥāq al-Sabīʿī. Al-Wāqidī said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood over the place where the two sons of ʿAfrāʾ fell and said: "May Allah have mercy on the two sons of ʿAfrāʾ, for they are partners in killing the Pharaoh of this nation and the head of the leaders of disbelief." It was said: "O Messenger of Allah, and who killed him with them?" He said: "The angels, and Ibn Masʿūd shared in killing him." Al-Bayhaqī narrated it. The prayer of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ of two rakʿahs when the killing of Abū Jahl reached him Al-Bayhaqī said: Al-Ḥākim informed us, al-Aṣamm informed us, Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Jabbār narrated to us, Yūnus b. Bukayr narrated to us, from ʿAnbasah b. al-Azhar, from Abū Isḥāq, who said: When the bringer of good tidings came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on the day of Badr with the killing of Abū Jahl, he made him swear three oaths by Allah, other than whom there is no god: "Did you see him slain?" He swore to him, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ fell prostrate. Then al-Bayhaqī narrated, by way of Abū Nuʿaym, from Salamah b. Rajāʾ, from al-Shaʿthāʾ, a woman of the Banū Asad, from ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Awfā, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed two rakʿahs when he was given tidings of the victory and when the head of Abū Jahl was brought. Ibn Mājah said: Abū Bishr Bakr b. Khalaf narrated to us, Salamah b. Rajāʾ narrated to us, who said: Shaʿthāʾ narrated to me, from ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Awfā, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed two rakʿahs on the day he was given tidings of the head of Abū Jahl. Ibn Abī al-Dunyā said: My father narrated to us, Hushaym narrated to us, Mujālid informed us, from al-Shaʿbī, that a man said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: "I passed by Badr and saw a man coming out of the ground, and a man struck him with an iron club he had until he disappeared into the ground, then he came out and he did the like to him repeatedly." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "That is Abū Jahl b. Hishām being punished until the Day of Resurrection." The nineteenth: There was disagreement about the killer of Abū Jahl. In the Ṣaḥīḥ of al-Bukhārī in the Book of the Fifth, from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf, that Muʿādh b. ʿAmr b. al-Jamūḥ and Muʿādh b. ʿAfrāʾ killed Abū Jahl. And in it also from Anas that Ibn Masʿūd went to look at Abū Jahl and found that the two sons of ʿAfrāʾ had struck him until he became cold - with a fatḥah on the bāʾ and the unpointed rāʾ - meaning he died, or became in the state of one who has died, and nothing remained in him except the movement of the slaughtered one. The two sons of ʿAfrāʾ are Muʿādh and Muʿawwidh, with a shaddah on the wāw. According to Ibn Isḥāq, from Ibn ʿAbbās, from ʿAmr b. al-Jamūḥ, that he struck Abū Jahl a blow that severed his foot, then Muʿawwidh b. ʿAfrāʾ passed by him and struck him until he pinned him down while he still had a last breath, then ʿAbd Allāh b. Masʿūd passed by Abū Jahl while he had a last breath, and he mentioned what preceded in the story, and he cut off his head. In al-Fatḥ, after mentioning the ḥadīth of Ibn ʿAwf, it says: ʿAfrāʾ is the mother of Muʿawwidh, and his father's name is al-Ḥārith. As for Muʿādh b. ʿAmr b. al-Jamūḥ, his mother's name is not ʿAfrāʾ; rather, it was applied to him by predominance. It is possible that Muʿādh's mother was also named ʿAfrāʾ, or that Muʿawwidh had a brother named Muʿādh, with the name of the one who shared in killing Abū Jahl, and the narrator thought him his brother. What Ibn Isḥāq narrated reconciles the ḥadīths, but it contradicts the ḥadīth of Ibn ʿAwf that he saw Muʿādh b. ʿAfrāʾ and Muʿādh b. ʿAmr charge at him together until they threw him down, while Ibn Isḥāq says that Ibn ʿAfrāʾ is Muʿawwidh, and the one in the Ṣaḥīḥ is Muʿādh, and they are two brothers, so it is possible that Muʿādh b. ʿAfrāʾ charged at him, and thus all the statements come together. The statement that they killed him apparently contradicts the ḥadīth of Ibn Masʿūd that he found him with a last breath, but it is interpreted as meaning that the two of them brought him by their striking him with their swords to the state of the killed, so that nothing remained except the movement of the slaughtered one, and in that state Ibn Masʿūd met him and struck his neck. As for what Ibn ʿUtbah and Abū al-Aswad mentioned from ʿUrwah: that Ibn Masʿūd found Abū Jahl thrown down not far from the battle, veiled in iron, with his sword on his thigh, to the end of what was mentioned in the story, it is interpreted as that this occurred after he addressed him as previously mentioned. The first head carried in Islam was the head of the enemy of Allah Abū Jahl, and the head of Sufyān b. Khālid al-Hudhalī was carried to him, carried by ʿAbd Allāh b. Anas as will come, and the head of Kaʿb b. al-Ashraf was also carried to him as will come, and the head of Abū ʿAzzah, and Marḥab the Jew, as narrated by Imam Aḥmad, and the head of al-ʿAnsī the liar, as some mentioned, and ʿAṣmāʾ bt. Marwān, and Rifāʿah b. Qays or Qays b. Rifāʿah. The first Muslim whose head was carried was ʿAmr b. al-Ḥamiq al-Khuzāʿī ؓ. As for what Abū Dāwūd narrated in his Marāsīl from al-Zuhrī, he said: It was not carried.
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