Tarikh (al-Tabari) 952
The Detachment of ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh ᴿᴬ (the Detachment of Nakhla)
فَانْطَلَقَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ مَسِيرَةَ يَوْمَيْنِ فَتَحَ الْكِتَابَ فَإِذَا فِيهِ: «سِرْ بَاسِمِ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتِهِ، وَلَا تُكْرِهَنَّ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِكَ عَلَى السَّيْرِ مَعَكَ، وَامْضِ لِأَمْرِي فِيمَنْ تَبِعَكَ حَتَّى تَأْتِيَ بَطْنَ نَخْلَةَ، فَتَرْصُدَ عِيرَ قُرَيْشٍ وَتَعْلَمَ لَنَا أَخْبَارَهُمْ». فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ فِي الْكِتَابِ قَالَ: سَمْعًا وَطَاعَةً. وَقَرَأَهُ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ وَقَالَ: [قَدْ أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ أَمْضِيَ إِلَى نَخْلَةَ أَرْصُدُ بِهَا قُرَيْشًا حَتَّى آتِيَهُ مِنْهُمْ بِخَبَرٍ] وَقَدْ نَهَانِي أَنْ أَسْتَكْرِهَ أَحَدًا مِنْكُمْ، فَمَنْ كَانَ يُرِيدُ الشَّهَادَةَ وَيَرْغَبُ فِيهَا فَلْيَنْطَلِقْ، وَمِنْ كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ فَلْيَرْجِعْ. [فَأَمَّا أَنَا فَمَاضٍ لِأَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ]» فَقَالُوا أَجْمَعُونَ: «نَحْنُ سَامِعُونَ مُطِيعُونَ لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى وَلِرَسُولِهِ ﷺ وَلَكَ، فَسِرْ عَلَى بَرَكَةِ اللَّهِ». فَسَارَ وَمَعَهُ أَصْحَابُهُ لَمْ يَتَخَلَّفْ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ، وَسَلَكَ عَلَى الْحِجَازِ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِمَكَانٍ بِمَعْدِنٍ فَوْقَ الْفَرْعِ يُقَالُ لَهُ بُحْرَانُ أَضَلَّ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ وَعُتْبَةُ بْنُ غَزْوَانَ بَعِيرًا لَهُمَا كَانَا يَعْتَقِبَانِهِ، فَتَخَلَّفَا فِي طَلَبِهِ يَوْمَيْنِ، وَلَمْ يَشْهَدَا الْمَوْقِعَةَ، وَقَدِمَا الْمَدِينَةَ بَعْدَهُمْ بِأَيَّامٍ. وَمَضَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ فِي بَقِيَّةِ أَصْحَابِهِ حَتَّى نَزَلَ بِنَخْلَةَ. فَمَرَّتْ بِهِ عِيرٌ لِقُرَيْشٍ تَحْمِلُ زَبِيبًا وَأُدْمًا وَتِجَارَةً مِنْ تِجَارَةِ قُرَيْشٍ جَاءُوا بِهَا مِنَ الطَّائِفِ، فِيهَا عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ، قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَاسْمُ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّادٍ، ( وَيُقَالُ: مَالِكُ بْنُ عَبَّادٍ ) أَحَدُ الصَّدِفِ، وَاسْمُ الصَّدِفِ: عَمْرُو بْنُ مَالِكٍ، أَحَدُ السَّكُونِ بْنِ أَشْرَسَ بْنِ كِنْدَةَ، وَيُقَالُ: كِنْدِيٌّ. قال ابن اسحاق وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ وَأَخُوهُ نَوْفَلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَقِيلَ: بَلْ أَخُوهُمَا الْمُغِيرَةُ، وَالْحَكَمُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ مَوْلَى هِشَامِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ. فَلَمَّا رَآهُمْ أَصْحَابُ الْعِيرِ هَابُوهُمْ وَأَنْكَرُوا أَمْرَهُمْ، وَقَدْ نَزَلُوا قَرِيبًا مِنْهُمْ. فَحَلَقَ عُكَاشَةُ بْنُ مِحْصَنٍ رَأْسَهُ، وَقِيلَ: وَاقِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ وَافَى لِيَطْمَئِنَّ الْقَوْمُ. فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ قَالُوا: لَا بَأْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْهُمْ، قَوْمٌ عُمَّارٌ. فَأَمِنُوا وَقَيَّدُوا رِكَابَهُمْ وَسَرَّحُوهَا وَصَنَعُوا طَعَامًا. فَاشْتَوَرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فِي أَمْرِهِمْ وَذَلِكَ فِي آخِرِ يَوْمٍ مِنْ رَجَبٍ، وَيُقَالُ: أَوَّلُ يَوْمٍ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ، وَقِيلَ: فِي آخِرِ يَوْمٍ مِنْ جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةِ. فَشَكُّوا فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ أَهْوَ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ ؟ أَمْ لَا. فَقَالُوا: وَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ تَرَكْتُمُ الْقَوْمَ هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةَ لَيَدْخُلُنَّ الْحَرَمَ فَلْيَمْتَنِعُنَّ مِنْكُمْ بِهِ، وَلَئِنْ قَتَلْتُمُوهُمْ لَتَقْتُلُنَّهُمْ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ. فَتَرَدَّدَ الْقَوْمُ وَهَابُوا [الْإِقْدَامَ عَلَيْهِمْ]. ثُمَّ شَجَّعُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ. وَأَجْمَعُوا عَلَى قَتْلِ مَنْ قَدَرُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنْهُمْ وَأَخْذِ مَا مَعَهُمْ. فَرَمَى وَاقِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ [التَّمِيمِيُّ] عَمْرَو بْنَ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ بِسَهْمٍ فَقَتَلَهُ، وَشَدَّ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَأَسَرُوا عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، وَالْحَكَمَ بْنَ كَيْسَانَ، أَسَرَهُ الْمِقْدَادُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو. وَأَعْجَزَ الْقَوْمُ نَوْفَلَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عِنْدَ مَنْ يَقُولُ إِنَّهُ كَانَ مَعَهُمْ، وَمَنْ قَالَ إِنَّ نَوْفَلًا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ جَعَلَ الْهَارِبَ الْمُغِيرَةَ. وَحَازَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ الْعِيرَ، وَعَزَلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ خُمْسَ تِلْكَ الْغَنِيمَةِ، وَقَسَّمَ سَائِرَهَا بَيْنَ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ خُمْسٍ خُمِّسَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، وَأَوَّلَ غَنِيمَةٍ، وَأَوَّلُ قَتِيلٍ بِأَيْدِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ، وَأَوَّلُ أَسِيرٍ كَانَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَالْحَكَمَ بْنَ كَيْسَانَ. وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ [يُفْرَضَ الْخُمْسُ مِنَ الْمَغَانِمِ، فَلَمَّا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الْفَيْءَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ وَأَمَرَ بِقَسْمِهِ وَفَرَضَ الْخُمْسَ فِيهِ] وَقَعَ عَلَى مَا كَانَ صَنَعَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ فِي تِلْكَ الْعِيرِ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: بَلْ قَدِمُوا بِالْغَنِيمَةِ كُلِّهَا. وَرَوَى الطَّبَرَانِيُّ بِسَنَدٍ حَسَنٍ عَنْ زِرِّ [بْنِ حُبَيْشٍ] ؓ قَالَ: أَوَّلُ مَالٍ خُمِّسَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مَالُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ.
Translation
✧ ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh set out until, when he was two days' journey away, he opened the letter, and in it was: "March in the name of Allah and with His blessings, and do not compel any of your companions to travel with you. Proceed with my command among those who follow you until you reach the interior of Nakhla, then lie in wait for the caravan of Quraysh and learn their news for us." When he looked at the letter, he said: "Hearing and obedience." He read it to his companions and said: [The Messenger of Allah ﷺ has commanded me to proceed to Nakhla, to lie in wait there for Quraysh until I bring him news of them.] He has forbidden me to compel any of you. So whoever desires martyrdom and is keen on it, let him set out; and whoever dislikes that, let him return. [As for me, I am proceeding with the command of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.]" They all said: "We hear and obey Allah Almighty and His Messenger ﷺ and you. So march with the blessing of Allah." He marched with his companions, none of them lagging behind, and he took the route along the Hijaz until he was at a place at a mine above al-Farʿ called Buḥrān. Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ and ʿUtbah b. Ghazwān lost a camel of theirs that they had been riding in turns, so they lagged behind for two days in search of it, and they did not witness the engagement. They reached Madinah some days after them. ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh continued with the rest of his companions until he halted at Nakhla. A caravan of Quraysh passed by him carrying raisins, tanned hides, and merchandise from the trade of Quraysh brought from al-Ṭāʾif. In it was ʿAmr b. al-Ḥaḍramī. Ibn Hishām said: The name of al-Ḥaḍramī was ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbād — and it is said Mālik b. ʿAbbād — one of the Ṣadaf. The name of al-Ṣadaf was ʿAmr b. Mālik, one of the Sakūn b. Ashras b. Kindah, and it is said a Kindī. Ibn Isḥāq said: and ʿUthmān b. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Mughīrah al-Makhzūmī and his brother Nawfal b. ʿAbd Allāh, and it was said rather their brother al-Mughīrah, and al-Ḥakam b. Kaysān, the client of Hishām b. al-Mughīrah. When the caravan's people saw them, they feared them and were suspicious of their presence, for they had halted close to them. ʿUkkāshah b. Miḥṣan shaved his head — and it was said Wāqid b. ʿAbd Allāh — then came over to reassure the group. When they saw him, they said: "No harm will come to you from them; they are people performing ʿumrah." So they felt safe, hobbled their riding camels, let them graze, and prepared food. The Muslims consulted about their affair, and that was on the last day of Rajab, and it is said the first day of Shaʿbān, and it was said on the last day of Jumādā al-Ākhirah. They were uncertain whether that day belonged to the sacred month or not. They said: "By Allah, if you leave the people this night, they will enter the Sacred Sanctuary and be protected from you by it; and if you kill them, you will kill them in the sacred month." The group hesitated and feared [advancing against them]. Then they encouraged themselves and resolved to kill whomever of them they could and to seize what was with them. Wāqid b. ʿAbd Allāh [al-Tamīmī] shot ʿAmr b. al-Ḥaḍramī with an arrow and killed him. The Muslims charged them and captured ʿUthmān b. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Mughīrah and al-Ḥakam b. Kaysān; al-Miqdād b. ʿAmr captured him. The group eluded Nawfal b. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Mughīrah, according to those who say he was with them; and those who say Nawfal was not with them made the escapee al-Mughīrah. The Muslims seized the caravan. ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh set aside for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ one-fifth of that spoils, and he divided the rest among his companions. Thus it was the first fifth ever taken as a fifth in Islam, the first spoils, and the first person killed at the hands of the Muslims was ʿAmr b. al-Ḥaḍramī. The first captives in Islam were ʿUthmān b. ʿAbd Allāh and al-Ḥakam b. Kaysān. That was before [the fifth of spoils was made obligatory. When Allah Almighty later made fayʾ lawful and commanded its division and imposed the fifth in it], it conformed to what ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh had done with that caravan. Some said: rather they brought the entire spoils. Al-Ṭabarānī narrated with a good chain from Zirr [b. Ḥubaysh] ؓ who said: The first property from which a fifth was taken in Islam was the property of ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.