Tarikh (al-Tabari) 931
Some matters that occurred between the Messenger ﷺ and the Jews, Christians, and hypocrites in al-Madinah al-Munawwarah
[ مَا نَزَلَ فِي مُنَافِقِي الْأَوْسِ وَالْخَزْرَجِ ] وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَقُولُ آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَبِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَمَا هُمْ بِمُؤْمِنِينَ يَعْنِي الْمُنَافِقِينَ مِنْ الْأَوْسِ وَالْخَزْرَجِ، وَمَنْ كَانَ عَلَى أَمْرِهِمْ. يُخَادِعُونَ اللَّهَ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَمَا يَخْدَعُونَ إِلَّا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ أَيْ شَكٌّ فَزَادَهُمُ اللَّهُ مَرَضًا أَيْ شَكًّا وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْذِبُونَ وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ لَا تُفْسِدُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ قَالُوا إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ مُصْلِحُونَ أَيْ إنَّمَا نُرِيدُ الْإِصْلَاحَ بَيْنَ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ مِنْ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ. يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَلَا إِنَّهُمْ هُمُ الْمُفْسِدُونَ وَلَكِنْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ آمِنُوا كَمَا آمَنَ النَّاسُ قَالُوا أَنُؤْمِنُ كَمَا آمَنَ السُّفَهَاءُ أَلَا إِنَّهُمْ هُمُ السُّفَهَاءُ وَلَكِنْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ وَإِذَا لَقُوا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قَالُوا آمَنَّا وَإِذَا خَلَوْا إلَى شَيَاطِينِهِمْ مِنْ يَهُودَ، الَّذِينَ يَأْمُرُونَهُمْ بِالتَّكْذِيبِ بِالْحَقِّ، وَخِلَافِ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ الرَّسُولُ قَالُوا إِنَّا مَعَكُمْ أَيْ إنَّا عَلَى مِثْلِ مَا أَنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ. إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ مُسْتَهْزِئُونَ أَيْ إنَّمَا نَسْتَهْزِئُ بِالْقَوْمِ، وَنَلْعَبُ بِهِمْ. يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: اللَّهُ يَسْتَهْزِئُ بِهِمْ وَيَمُدُّهُمْ فِي طُغْيَانِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ اشْتَرَوُا الضَّلَالَةَ بِالْهُدَى أَيْ الْكُفْرِ بِالْإِيمَانِ فَمَا رَبِحَتْ تِجَارَتُهُمْ وَمَا كَانُوا مُهْتَدِينَ قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ لَهُمْ مَثَلًا، فَقَالَ تَعَالَى كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي اسْتَوْقَدَ نَارًا فَلَمَّا أَضَاءَتْ مَا حَوْلَهُ ذَهَبَ اللَّهُ بِنُورِهِمْ وَتَرَكَهُمْ فِي ظُلُمَاتٍ لَا يُبْصِرُونَ أَيْ لَا يُبْصِرُونَ الْحَقَّ وَيَقُولُونَ بِهِ حَتَّى إذَا خَرَجُوا بِهِ مِنْ ظُلْمَةِ الْكُفْرِ أَطْفَئُوهُ بِكُفْرِهِمْ بِهِ وَنِفَاقِهِمْ فِيهِ، فَتَرَكَهُمْ اللَّهُ فِي ظُلُمَاتِ الْكُفْرِ فَهُمْ لَا يُبْصِرُونَ هُدًى، وَلَا يَسْتَقِيمُونَ عَلَى حَقٍّ. صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ فَهُمْ لَا يَرْجِعُونَ أَيْ لَا يَرْجِعُونَ إلَى الْهُدَى، صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ عَنْ الْخَيْرِ، لَا يَرْجِعُونَ إلَى خَيْرٍ وَلَا يُصِيبُونَ نَجَاةً مَا كَانُوا عَلَى مَا هُمْ عَلَيْهِأَوْ كَصَيِّبٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فِيهِ ظُلُمَاتٌ وَرَعْدٌ وَبَرْقٌ يَجْعَلُونَ أَصَابِعَهُمْ فِي آذَانِهِمْ مِنَ الصَّوَاعِقِ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ وَاللَّهُ مُحِيطٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: أَيْ هُمْ مِنْ ظُلْمَةِ مَا هُمْ فِيهِ مِنْ الْكُفْرِ وَالْحَذَرِ مِنْ الْقَتْلِ، مِنْ الَّذِي هُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ الْخِلَافِ وَالتَّخَوُّفِ لَكُمْ، عَلَى مِثْلِ مَا وُصِفَ، مِنْ الَّذِي هُوَ ( فِي ) ظُلْمَةِ الصَّيِّبِ، يَجْعَلُ أَصَابِعَهُ فِي أُذُنِيهِ مِنْ الصَّوَاعِقِ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ. يَقُولُ: وَاَللَّهُ مُنْزِلُ ذَلِكَ بِهِمْ مِنْ النِّقْمَةِ، أَيْ هُوَ مُحِيطٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ يَكَادُ الْبَرْقُ يَخْطَفُ أَبْصَارَهُمْ أَيْ لِشِدَّةِ ضَوْءِ الْحَقِّ كُلَّمَا أَضَاءَ لَهُمْ مَشَوْا فِيهِ وَإِذَا أَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَامُوا أَيْ يَعْرِفُونَ الْحَقَّ وَيَتَكَلَّمُونَ بِهِ، فَهُمْ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ بِهِ عَلَى اسْتِقَامَةٍ، فَإِذَا ارْتَكَسُوا مِنْهُ فِي الْكُفْرِ قَامُوا مُتَحَيِّرِينَ. وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَذَهَبَ بِسَمْعِهِمْ وَأَبْصَارِهِمْ أَيْ لِمَا تَرَكُوا مِنْ الْحَقِّ بَعْدَ مَعْرِفَتِهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَاأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اعْبُدُوا رَبَّكُمُ لِلْفَرِيقَيْنِ جَمِيعًا، مِنْ الْكُفَّارِ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ، أَيْ وَحِّدُوا رَبَّكُمْ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ وَالَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ فِرَاشًا وَالسَّمَاءَ بِنَاءً وَأَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَأَخْرَجَ بِهِ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ رِزْقًا لَكُمْ فَلَا تَجْعَلُوا لِلَّهِ أَنْدَادًا وَأَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ قالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: أَيْ لَا تُشْرِكُوا بِاَللَّهِ غَيْرَهُ مِنْ الْأَنْدَادِ الَّتِي لَا تَنْفَعُ وَلَا تَضُرُّ، وَأَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ لَا رَبَّ لَكُمْ يَرْزُقكُمْ غَيْرُهُ، وَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمْ أَنَّ الَّذِي يَدْعُوكُمْ إلَيْهِ الرَّسُولُ مِنْ تَوْحِيدِهِ هُوَ الْحَقُّ لَا شَكَّ فِيهِ. وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ فِي رَيْبٍ مِمَّا نَزَّلْنَا عَلَى عَبْدِنَا أَيْ فِي شَكٍّ مِمَّا جَاءَكُمْ بِهِ، فَأْتُوا بِسُورَةٍ مِنْ مِثْلِهِ وَادْعُوا شُهَدَاءَكُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَيْ مَنْ اسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ أَعْوَانِكُمْ عَلَى مَا أَنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا وَلَنْ تَفْعَلُوا فَقَدْ تَبَيَّنَ لَكُمْ الْحَقُّ فَاتَّقُوا النَّارَ الَّتِي وَقُودُهَا النَّاسُ وَالْحِجَارَةُ أُعِدَّتْ لِلْكَافِرِينَ أَيْ لِمَنْ كَانَ عَلَى مِثْلِ مَا أَنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ الْكُفْرِ. ثُمَّ رَغَّبَهُمْ وَحَذَّرَهُمْ نُقْضَ الْمِيثَاقِ الَّذِي أَخَذَ عَلَيْهِمْ لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ إذَا جَاءَهُمْ، وَذَكَرَ لَهُمْ بَدْءَ خَلْقِهِمْ حَيْنَ خَلَقَهُمْ، وَشَأْنَ أَبِيهِمْ آدَمَ عَلَيْهِ السِّلَامُ وَأَمْرَهُ، وَكَيْفَ صَنَعَ بِهِ حَيْنَ خَالَفَ عَنْ طَاعَتِهِ.
Translation
✧ [What was revealed concerning the hypocrites of al-Aws and al-Khazraj] And among mankind is he who says: “We believe in Allah and in the Last Day,” while they are not believers—meaning the hypocrites of al-Aws and al-Khazraj, and those who followed their way. They seek to deceive Allah and those who believe, while they deceive none but themselves, though they do not perceive. In their hearts is a disease—meaning doubt—so Allah increased their disease—meaning doubt—and they shall have a painful torment because they used to lie. And when it is said to them: “Do not spread corruption on earth,” they say: “We are only reformers,” meaning: “We only intend to reform between the two parties—the believers and the People of the Book.” Allah, exalted is He, says: “Verily, it is they who are the corrupters, but they do not perceive.” And when it is said to them: “Believe as the people have believed,” they say: “Shall we believe as the fools have believed?” Verily, it is they who are the fools, but they do not know. And when they meet those who believe, they say: “We believe,” but when they are alone with their devils—from the Jews, who command them to deny the truth and oppose what the Messenger brought—they say: “Truly, we are with you,” meaning: “We are upon the like of what you are upon. We are only mocking,” meaning: “We only mock the people and toy with them.” Allah, mighty and majestic is He, says: “Allah mocks them and leaves them in their transgression, wandering blindly. Those are they who have purchased misguidance for guidance,” meaning disbelief for faith, “so their trade has brought no profit, and they are not guided.” Ibn Isḥāq said: Then He struck for them a parable, and He, exalted is He, said: “Their likeness is as the likeness of one who kindled a fire; then, when it illuminated all around him, Allah took away their light and left them in darkness, unseeing,” meaning they do not see the truth nor speak it, until when they came out of it from the darkness of disbelief, they extinguished it by their disbelief in it and their hypocrisy in it. So Allah left them in the darknesses of disbelief, so they do not see guidance, nor do they remain upright upon truth. “Deaf, dumb, and blind, so they do not return,” meaning they do not return to guidance—deaf, dumb, and blind from good, they do not return to any good, nor do they attain salvation so long as they are upon what they are upon. “Or like a rainstorm from the sky, wherein is darkness, thunder, and lightning; they thrust their fingers into their ears from the thunderclaps, fearing death, but Allah encompasses the disbelievers.” Ibn Isḥāq said: That is, they are, from the darkness of what they are in of disbelief and caution against being killed, from what they are upon of opposition and fear of you, upon the like of what is described, from one who is in the darkness of the rainstorm, thrusting his fingers into his ears from the thunderclaps, fearing death. He says: By Allah, He will bring down upon them His vengeance, that is, He encompasses the disbelievers. “The lightning nearly snatches away their sight,” meaning because of the intensity of the light of truth, “whenever it flashes for them, they walk therein, and when it becomes dark upon them, they stand still,” meaning they recognize the truth and speak it, so they are, from their speaking of it, upon uprightness; but when they revert from it into disbelief, they stand bewildered. “And if Allah had willed, He could have taken away their hearing and their sight,” meaning because of what they left of the truth after knowing it, “indeed, Allah is over all things competent.” Then He said: “O mankind! Worship your Lord,” addressing both parties together—the disbelievers and the hypocrites—meaning: affirm the oneness of your Lord, “Who created you and those before you, that you may become righteous;” “Who made for you the earth a resting place and the sky a canopy, and sent down from the sky water, and brought forth thereby fruits as provision for you. So do not set up rivals to Allah while you know.” Ibn Isḥāq said: That is, do not associate with Allah any other of the rivals that neither benefit nor harm, while you know that there is no lord for you who provides for you other than Him. And you have known that what the Messenger calls you to of His oneness is the truth, no doubt in it. “And if you are in doubt about what We have sent down upon Our servant,” meaning in doubt about what he brought you, “then produce a sūrah of the like thereof, and call upon your witnesses other than Allah,” meaning whoever you can of your helpers upon what you are upon, “if you are truthful. But if you do not—and you will never do—then beware of the Fire whose fuel is people and stones, prepared for the disbelievers,” meaning for whoever is upon the like of what you are upon of disbelief. Then He encouraged them and warned them against breaking the covenant He took from them for His Prophet ﷺ when he should come to them, and He reminded them of the beginning of their creation when He created them, and the matter of their father Adam ﷺ and his affair, and how He dealt with him when he disobeyed Him.
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