Tarikh (al-Tabari) 926
Some matters that occurred between the Messenger ﷺ and the Jews, Christians, and hypocrites in al-Madinah al-Munawwarah
[ تَنَازُعُ الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى عِنْدَ الرَّسُولِ ﷺ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَلَمَّا قَدِمَ أَهْلُ نَجْرَانَ مِنْ النَّصَارَى عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَتَتْهُمْ أَحْبَارُ يَهُودَ، فَتَنَازَعُوا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ رَافِعُ بْنُ حُرَيْمِلَةَ: مَا أَنْتُمْ عَلَى شَيْءٍ، وَكَفَرَ بِعِيسَى وَبِالْإِنْجِيلِ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ نَجْرَانَ مِنْ النَّصَارَى لِلْيَهُودِ: مَا أَنْتُمْ عَلَى شَيْءٍ، وَجَحَدَ نُبُوَّةَ مُوسَى وَكَفَرَ بِالتَّوْرَاةِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ: وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ لَيْسَتِ النَّصَارَى عَلَى شَيْءٍ وَقَالَتِ النَّصَارَى لَيْسَتِ الْيَهُودُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ وَهُمْ يَتْلُونَ الْكِتَابَ كَذَلِكَ قَالَ الَّذِينَ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ مِثْلَ قَوْلِهِمْ فَاللَّهُ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فِيمَا كَانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ أَيْ كُلٌّ يَتْلُو فِي كِتَابِهِ تَصْدِيقَ مَا كَفَرَ بِهِ، أَيْ يَكْفُرُ الْيَهُودُ بِعِيسَى، وَعِنْدَهُمْ التَّوْرَاةُ فِيهَا مَا أَخَذَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ عَلَى لِسَانِ مُوسَى - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - بِالتَّصْدِيقِ بِعِيسَى - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - وَفِي الْإِنْجِيلِ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ عِيسَى - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - مِنْ تَصْدِيقِ مُوسَى - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - وَمَا جَاءَ بِهِ مِنْ التَّوْرَاةِ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ، وَكُلٌّ يَكْفُرُ بِمَا فِي يَدِ صَاحِبِهِ. مُحَاجَّةِ أَهْلِ نَجْرَانَ وَيَهُودِ الْمَدِينَةِ فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمَا نَزَلَ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ وَقَالَ أَحْبَارُ يَهُودَ وَنَصَارَى نَجْرَانَ، حَيْنَ اجْتَمَعُوا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتَنَازَعُوا، فَقَالَتْ الْأَحْبَارُ: مَا كَانَ إبْرَاهِيمُ إلَّا يَهُودِيًّا، وَقَالَتْ النَّصَارَى مِنْ أَهْلِ نَجْرَانَ: مَا كَانَ إبْرَاهِيمُ إلَّا نَصْرَانِيًّا. فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - فِيهِمْ: يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ لِمَ تُحَاجُّونَ فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمَا أُنْزِلَتِ التَّوْرَاةُ وَالْإِنْجِيلُ إِلَّا مِنْ بَعْدِهِ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ هَا أَنْتُمْ هَؤُلَاءِ حَاجَجْتُمْ فِيمَا لَكُمْ بِهِ عِلْمٌ فَلِمَ تُحَاجُّونَ فِيمَا لَيْسَ لَكُمْ بِهِ عِلْمٌ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ مَا كَانَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ يَهُودِيًّا وَلَا نَصْرَانِيًّا وَلَكِنْ كَانَ حَنِيفًا مُسْلِمًا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ إِنَّ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِإِبْرَاهِيمَ لَلَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ وَهَذَا النَّبِيُّ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَاللَّهُ وَلِيُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَقَالَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ الْقُرَظِيُّ حَيْنَ اجْتَمَعَتْ الْأَحْبَارُ مِنْ يَهُودَ، وَالنَّصَارَى مِنْ أَهْلِ نَجْرَانَ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَدَعَاهُمْ إلَى الْإِسْلَامِ: أَتُرِيدُ مِنَّا يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَنْ نَعْبُدَكَ كَمَا تَعْبُدُ النَّصَارَى عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ ؟ وَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ نَجْرَانَ نَصْرَانِيٌّ، يُقَالُ لَهُ: الرِّبَيِّسُ، ( وَيُرْوَى: الرَّيِّسُ، وَالرَّئِيسُ ): أَوَذَاكَ تُرِيدُ مِنَّا يَا مُحَمَّدُ وَإِلَيْهِ تَدْعُونَا ؟ أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: مَعَاذَ اللَّهِ أَنْ أَعْبُدَ غَيْرَ اللَّهِ أَوْ آمُرَ بِعِبَادَةِ غَيْرِهِ، فَمَا بِذَلِكَ بَعَثَنِي اللَّهُ، وَلَا أَمَرَنِي؛ أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ. مَرْيَمَ ؟ وَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ نَجْرَانَ نَصْرَانِيٌّ، يُقَالُ لَهُ: الرِّبَيِّسُ، ( وَيُرْوَى: الرَّيِّسُ، وَالرَّئِيسُ ): أَوَذَاكَ تُرِيدُ مِنَّا يَا مُحَمَّدُ وَإِلَيْهِ تَدْعُونَا ؟ أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: مَعَاذَ اللَّهِ أَنْ أَعْبُدَ غَيْرَ اللَّهِ أَوْ آمُرَ بِعِبَادَةِ غَيْرِهِ، فَمَا بِذَلِكَ بَعَثَنِي اللَّهُ، وَلَا أَمَرَنِي أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ. فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمَا: مَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَنْ يُؤْتِيَهُ اللَّهُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحُكْمَ وَالنُّبُوَّةَ ثُمَّ يَقُولَ لِلنَّاسِ كُونُوا عِبَادًا لِي مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَلَكِنْ كُونُوا رَبَّانِيِّينَ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تُعَلِّمُونَ الْكِتَابَ وَبِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَدْرُسُونَ إلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: بَعْدَ إِذْ أَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَلَا يَأْمُرَكُمْ أَنْ تَتَّخِذُوا الْمَلَائِكَةَ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ أَرْبَابًا أَيَأْمُرُكُمْ بِالْكُفْرِ بَعْدَ إِذْ أَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَا أُخِذَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَعَلَى آبَائِهِمْ مِنَ الْمِيثَاقِ بِتَصْدِيقِهِ، وَإِقْرَارِهِمْ بِهِ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ، فَقَالَ: ( وَإِذْ أَخَذَ اللَّهُ مِيثَاقَ النَّبِيِّينَ ) إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ( مِنَ الشَّاهِدِينَ ) [ جُحُودُهُمْ نُبُوَّةِ عِيسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَأَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَفَرٌ مِنْهُمْ: أَبُو يَاسِرِ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ، وَنَافِعُ بْنُ أَبِي نَافِعٍ، وَعَازِرُ بْنُ أَبِي عَازِرٍ، وَخَالِدٌ، وَزَيْدٌ، وَإِزَارُ بْنُ أَبِي إزَارٍ، وَأَشْيَعُ، فَسَأَلُوهُ عَمَّنْ يُؤْمِنُ بِهِ مِنْ الرُّسُلِ؛ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْنَا وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَالْأَسْبَاطِ وَمَا أُوتِيَ مُوسَى وَعِيسَى وَمَا أُوتِيَ النَّبِيُّونَ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ وَنَحْنُ لَهُ مُسْلِمُونَ فَلَمَّا ذَكَرَ عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ جَحَدُوا نُبُوَّتَهُ، وَقَالُوا: لَا نُؤْمِنُ بِعِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ وَلَا بِمَنْ آمَنَ بِهِ. فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِيهِمْ: قُلْ يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ هَلْ تَنْقِمُونَ مِنَّا إِلَّا أَنْ آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْنَا وَمَا أُنْزِلَ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَأَنَّ أَكْثَرَكُمْ فَاسِقُونَ
Translation
✧ [The dispute of the Jews and the Christians before the Messenger ﷺ] Ibn Isḥāq said: When the Christians of Najrān came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, the rabbis of the Jews came to them, and they disputed before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Rāfiʿ b. Ḥuraymilah said: "You have nothing," and he disbelieved in Jesus and the Gospel. A man from the Christians of Najrān said to the Jews: "You have nothing," and he denied the prophethood of Moses and disbelieved in the Torah. So Allah the Exalted revealed concerning their words: "The Jews say: 'The Christians have nothing,' and the Christians say: 'The Jews have nothing,' yet they recite the Book. Thus those who do not know say the like of their saying; Allah will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection concerning that wherein they differ." That is, each recites in his Book what confirms the thing he disbelieved in; that is, the Jews disbelieve in Jesus while they have the Torah containing what Allah took upon them on the tongue of Moses ﷺ to confirm Jesus ﷺ ; and in the Gospel is what Jesus ﷺ brought of the confirmation of Moses ﷺ and what he brought of the Torah from Allah; and each disbelieves in what is in the hand of his companion. The dispute of the people of Najrān and the Jews of al-Madinah concerning Abraham and the verses revealed in that regard. And the rabbis of the Jews and the Christians of Najrān, when they gathered before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and disputed, the rabbis said: "Abraham was nothing but a Jew," and the Christians of Najrān said: "Abraham was nothing but a Christian." So Allah—Mighty and Majestic—revealed concerning them: "O People of the Book, why do you dispute concerning Abraham, when the Torah and the Gospel were not sent down except after him? Do you not reason? Here you are, those who disputed concerning what you have knowledge of; why then do you dispute concerning what you have no knowledge of? Allah knows and you do not know. Abraham was not a Jew, nor a Christian, but he was a ḥanīf, a Muslim, and he was not of the polytheists. Surely the people most deserving of Abraham are those who followed him, and this Prophet, and those who believe; and Allah is the guardian of the believers." And Abū Rāfiʿ al-Quraẓī said, when the rabbis of the Jews and the Christians of Najrān gathered before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he called them to Islam: "Do you want from us, O Muḥammad, that we worship you as the Christians worship Jesus son of Mary?" And a Christian man from Najrān, called al-Rabbīs (variants: al-Rayyis, al-Raʾīs), said: "Is that what you want from us, O Muḥammad, and what you call us to?" or as he said. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Allah forbid that I worship other than Allah or command the worship of other than Him; Allah did not send me for that, nor did He command me," or as he said. So Allah the Exalted revealed concerning their two sayings: "It is not for a human being that Allah should give him the Book, the judgment, and prophethood, then he should say to the people: 'Be worshippers of me besides Allah,' but: 'Be rabbānīyīn because you teach the Book and because you study,'" up to His saying, the Exalted: "after you have been Muslims." Ibn Isḥāq said: "And he does not command you to take the angels and the prophets as lords. Would he command you to disbelieve after you have been Muslims?" Then he mentioned what was taken from them and their fathers of the covenant to believe in him, and their acknowledgment of it upon themselves, saying: "And when Allah took the covenant of the prophets" up to His saying: "of the witnesses." [Their denial of the prophethood of Jesus ﷺ ] Ibn Isḥāq said: A group of them came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: Abū Yāsir b. Akhṭab, Nāfiʿ b. Abī Nāfiʿ, ʿĀzir b. Abī ʿĀzir, Khālid, Zayd, Izār b. Abī Izār, and Ashyaʿ. They asked him about the messengers in whom he believed. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "We believe in Allah and what has been sent down to us and what was sent down to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the tribes, and what was given to Moses and Jesus and what was given to the prophets from their Lord; we make no distinction between any of them, and to Him we submit." When he mentioned Jesus son of Mary, they denied his prophethood and said: "We do not believe in Jesus son of Mary, nor in anyone who believes in him." So Allah the Exalted revealed concerning them: "Say: O People of the Book, do you resent us for any reason except that we believe in Allah and what has been sent down to us and what was sent down before, and because most of you are transgressors?"
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.