Tarikh (al-Tabari) 906
Some matters that occurred between the Messenger ﷺ and the Jews, Christians, and hypocrites in al-Madinah al-Munawwarah
[ دَعْوَى الْيَهُودَ قِلَّةَ الْعَذَابِ فِي الْآخِرَةِ، وَرَدُّ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي مَوْلًى لِزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، أَوْ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ، وَالْيَهُودُ تَقُولُ: إنَّمَا مُدَّةُ الدُّنْيَا سَبْعَةُ آلَافِ سَنَةٍ، وَإِنَّمَا يُعَذِّبُ اللَّهُ النَّاسَ فِي النَّارِ بِكُلِّ أَلْفِ سَنَةٍ مِنْ أَيَّامِ الدُّنْيَا يَوْمًا وَاحِدًا فِي النَّارِ مِنْ أَيَّامِ الْآخِرَةِ، وَإِنَّمَا هِيَ سَبْعَةُ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ يَنْقَطِعُ الْعَذَابُ. فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ: وَقَالُوا لَنْ تَمَسَّنَا النَّارُ إِلَّا أَيَّامًا مَعْدُودَةً قُلْ أَتَّخَذْتُمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَهْدًا فَلَنْ يُخْلِفَ اللَّهُ عَهْدَهُ أَمْ تَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ بَلَى مَنْ كَسَبَ سَيِّئَةً وَأَحَاطَتْ بِهِ خَطِيئَتُهُ أَيْ مَنْ عَمِلَ بِمِثْلِ أَعْمَالِكُمْ، وَكَفَرَ بِمِثْلِ مَا كَفَرْتُمْ بِهِ، يُحِيطُ كُفْرُهُ بِمَا لَهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ حَسَنَةٍ، فَأُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ أَيْ خُلْدٌ أَبَدًا. وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ أُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْجَنَّةِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ أَيْ مَنْ آمَنَ بِمَا كَفَرْتُمْ بِهِ، وَعَمِلَ بِمَا تَرَكْتُمْ مِنْ دِينِهِ، فَلَهُمْ الْجَنَّةُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا، يُخْبِرُهُمْ أَنَّ الثَّوَابَ بِالْخَيْرِ وَالشَّرِّ مُقِيمٌ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ أَبَدًا، لَا انْقِطَاعَ لَهُ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ قَالَ ( اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ) يُؤَنِّبُهُمْ: وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَيْ مِيثَاقَكُمْ لَا تَعْبُدُونَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا وَذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَقُولُوا لِلنَّاسِ حُسْنًا وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ ثُمَّ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِنْكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ مُعْرِضُونَ أَيْ تَرَكْتُمْ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ لَيْسَ بِالتَّنَقُّصِ. وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَكُمْ لَا تَسْفِكُونَ دِمَاءَكُمْ وقَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَلَا تُخْرِجُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِكُمْ ثُمَّ أَقْرَرْتُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ تَشْهَدُونَ عَلَى أَنَّ هَذَا حَقٌّ مِنْ مِيثَاقِي عَلَيْكُمْ، ثُمَّ أَنْتُمْ هَؤُلَاءِ تَقْتُلُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَتُخْرِجُونَ فَرِيقًا مِنْكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ تَظَاهَرُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ أَيْ أَهْلَ الشِّرْكِ، حَتَّى يَسْفِكُوا دِمَاءَهُمْ مَعَهُمْ، وَيُخْرِجُوهُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ مَعَهُمْ. وَإِنْ يَأْتُوكُمْ أُسَارَى تُفَادُوهُمْ وَقَدْ عَرَفْتُمْ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي دِينِكُمْ وَهُوَ مُحَرَّمٌ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي كِتَابِكُمْ إخْرَاجُهُمْ، أَفَتُؤْمِنُونَ بِبَعْضِ الْكِتَابِ وَتَكْفُرُونَ بِبَعْضٍ ( أَيْ ) أَتُفَادُونَهُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ بِذَلِكَ، وَتُخْرِجُونَهُمْ كُفَّارًا بِذَلِكَ. فَمَا جَزَاءُ مَنْ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ مِنْكُمْ إِلَّا خِزْيٌ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُرَدُّونَ إِلَى أَشَدِّ الْعَذَابِ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ اشْتَرَوُا الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا بِالْآخِرَةِ فَلَا يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُمُ الْعَذَابُ وَلَا هُمْ يُنْصَرُونَ فَأَنَّبَهُمْ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِذَلِكَ مِنْ فِعْلهمْ، وَقَدْ حَرَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ سَفْكَ دِمَائِهِمْ، وَافْتَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا فِدَاءَ أَسْرَاهُمْ. فَكَانُوا فَرِيقَيْنِ، مِنْهُمْ بَنُو قَيْنُقَاعَ وَلَفُّهُمْ، حُلَفَاءُ الْخَزْرَجِ، وَالنَّضِيرُ وَقُرَيْظَةَ وَلَفُّهُمْ، حُلَفَاءُ الْأَوْسِ. فَكَانُوا إذَا كَانَتْ بَيْنَ الْأَوْسِ وَالْخَزْرَجِ حَرْبٌ. خَرَجَتْ بَنُو قَيْنُقَاعَ مَعَ الْخَزْرَجِ وَخَرَجَتْ النَّضِيرُ وَقُرَيْظَةُ مَعَ الْأَوْسِ يُظَاهِرُ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ حُلَفَاءَهُ عَلَى إخْوَانِهِ، حَتَّى يَتَسَافَكُوا دِمَاءَهُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ، وَبِأَيْدِيهِمْ التَّوْرَاةُ يَعْرِفُونَ فِيهَا مَا عَلَيْهِمْ وَمَا لَهُمْ، وَالْأَوْسُ وَالْخَزْرَجُ أَهْلُ شِرْكٍ يَعْبُدُونَ الْأَوْثَانَ: لَا يَعْرِفُونَ جَنَّةً وَلَا نَارًا، وَلَا بَعْثًا وَلَا قِيَامَةً، وَلَا كِتَابًا، وَلَا حَلَالًا وَلَا حَرَامًا، فَإِذَا وَضَعَتْ الْحَرْبُ أَوْزَارَهَا افْتَدَوْا أُسَارَاهُمْ تَصْدِيقًا لِمَا فِي التَّوْرَاةِ، وَأَخَذَ بِهِ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ، يَفْتَدِي بَنُو قَيْنُقَاعَ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَسْرَاهُمْ فِي أَيَدِي الْأَوْسِ وَتَفْتَدِي النَّضِيرُ وَقُرَيْظَةُ مَا فِي أَيَدِي الْخَزْرَجِ مِنْهُمْ. وَيُطِلُّونَ مَا أَصَابُوا مِنْ الدِّمَاءِ، وَقَتْلَى مَنْ قُتِلُوا مِنْهُمْ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ، مُظَاهَرَةً لِأَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ عَلَيْهِمْ. يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لَهُمْ حَيْنَ أَنَّبَهُمْ بِذَلِكَ: أَفَتُؤْمِنُونَ بِبَعْضِ الْكِتَابِ وَتَكْفُرُونَ بِبَعْضٍ أَيْ تُفَادِيهِ بِحُكْمِ التَّوْرَاةِ وَتَقْتُلُهُ، وَفِي حُكْمِ التَّوْرَاةِ أَنْ لَا تَفْعَلَ، تَقْتُلُهُ وَتُخْرِجُهُ مِنْ دَارِهِ وَتُظَاهِرُ عَلَيْهِ مَنْ يُشْرِكُ بِاَللَّهِ، وَيَعْبُدُ الْأَوْثَانَ مِنْ دُونِهِ، ابْتِغَاءَ عَرَضِ الدُّنْيَا. فَفِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ فِعْلِهِمْ مَعَ الْأَوْسِ وَالْخَزْرَجِ - فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي - نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةُ. ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ وَقَفَّيْنَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِ بِالرُّسُلِ وَآتَيْنَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ أَيْ الْآيَاتُ الَّتِي وُضِعَتْ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ، مِنْ إحْيَاءِ الْمَوْتَى، وَخَلْقِهِ مِنْ الطِّينِ كَهَيْئَةِ الطَّيْرِ، ثُمَّ يَنْفُخُ فِيهِ فَيَكُونُ طَيْرًا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ، وَإِبْرَاءِ الْأَسْقَامِ، وَالْخَبَرِ بِكَثِيرٍ مِنْ الْغُيُوبِ مِمَّا يَدَّخِرُونَ فِي بُيُوتِهِمْ، وَمَا رَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ التَّوْرَاةِ مَعَ الْإِنْجِيلِ، الَّذِي أَحْدَثَ اللَّهُ إلَيْهِ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ كُفْرَهُمْ بِذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ، فَقَالَ: أَفَكُلَّمَا جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ بِمَا لَا تَهْوَى أَنْفُسُكُمُ اسْتَكْبَرْتُمْ فَفَرِيقًا كَذَّبْتُمْ وَفَرِيقًا تَقْتُلُونَ ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَقَالُوا قُلُوبُنَا غُلْفٌ فِي أَكِنَّةٍ. يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: بَلْ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِكُفْرِهِمْ فَقَلِيلًا مَا يُؤْمِنُونَ وَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ كِتَابٌ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقٌ لِمَا مَعَهُمْ وَكَانُوا مِنْ قَبْلُ يَسْتَفْتِحُونَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ مَا عَرَفُوا كَفَرُوا بِهِ فَلَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ أَشْيَاخٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، قَالَ: قَالُوا: فِينَا وَاَللَّهِ وَفِيهِمْ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةُ، كُنَّا قَدْ عَلَوْنَاهُمْ ظَهْرًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَنَحْنُ أَهْلُ شِرْكٍ وَهُمْ أَهْلُ كِتَابٍ فَكَانُوا يَقُولُونَ لَنَا: إنَّ نَبِيًّا يُبْعَثُ الْآنَ نَتَّبِعُهُ قَدْ أَظَلَّ زَمَانَهُ، نَقْتُلُكُمْ مَعَهُ قَتْلَ عَادٍ وَإِرَمَ. فَلَمَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ فَاتَّبَعْنَاهُ كَفَرُوا بِهِ. يَقُولُ اللَّهُ: فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ مَا عَرَفُوا كَفَرُوا بِهِ فَلَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ بِئْسَمَا اشْتَرَوْا بِهِ أَنْفُسَهُمْ أَنْ يَكْفُرُوا بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ بَغْيًا أَنْ يُنَزِّلَ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ أَيْ أَنْ جَعَلَهُ فِي غَيْرِهِمْ فَبَاءُوا بِغَضَبٍ عَلَى غَضَبٍ وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ وقَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَالْغَضَبُ عَلَى الْغَضَبِ لِغَضَبِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيمَا كَانُوا ضَيَّعُوا مِنْ التَّوْرَاةِ، وَهِيَ مَعَهُمْ، وَغَضَبٌ بِكُفْرِهِمْ بِهَذَا النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الَّذِي أَحْدَثَ اللَّهُ إلَيْهِمْ. ثُمَّ أَنَّبَهُمْ بِرَفْعِ الطُّورِ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَاِتِّخَاذِهِمْ الْعِجْلَ إلَهًا دُونَ رَبِّهِمْ، يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِمُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ: قُلْ إِنْ كَانَتْ لَكُمُ الدَّارُ الْآخِرَةُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ خَالِصَةً مِنْ دُونِ النَّاسِ فَتَمَنَّوُا الْمَوْتَ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ أَيْ اُدْعُوا بِالْمَوْتِ عَلَى أَيِّ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ أَكْذَبُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ، فَأَبَوْا ذَلِكَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. يَقُولُ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ لِنَبِيِّهِ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ: وَلَنْ يَتَمَنَّوْهُ أَبَدًا بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ أَيْ بِعِلْمِهِمْ بِمَا عِنْدَهُمْ مِنْ الْعِلْمِ بِكَ، وَالْكُفْرِ بِذَلِكَ، فَيُقَالُ: لَوْ تَمَنَّوْهُ يَوْمَ قَالَ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ يَهُودِيٌّ إلَّا مَاتَ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ رَغْبَتَهُمْ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَطُولَ الْعُمْرِ، فَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَلَتَجِدَنَّهُمْ أَحْرَصَ النَّاسِ عَلَى حَيَاةٍ الْيَهُودَ وَمِنَ الَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا يَوَدُّ أَحَدُهُمْ لَوْ يُعَمَّرُ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ وَمَا هُوَ بِمُزَحْزِحِهِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ أَنْ يُعَمَّرَ أَيْ مَا هُوَ بِمُنْجِيهِ مِنْ الْعَذَابِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْمُشْرِكَ لَا يَرْجُو بَعْثًا بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ، فَهُوَ يُحِبُّ طُولَ الْحَيَاةِ، وَأَنَّ الْيَهُودِيَّ قَدْ عَرَفَ مَا لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ الْخِزْيِ بِمَا ضَيَّعَ مِمَّا عِنْدَهُ مِنْ الْعِلْمِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: قُلْ مَنْ كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِجِبْرِيلَ فَإِنَّهُ نَزَّلَهُ عَلَى قَلْبِكَ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ
Translation
✧ [The Jews' claim of a short duration of punishment in the Hereafter, and Allah's refutation of them] Ibn Isḥāq said: A client of Zayd b. Thābit related to me from ʿIkrimah, or from Saʿīd b. Jubayr, from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to al-Madinah while the Jews were saying: "The duration of this world is only seven thousand years, and Allah will punish people in the Fire for each thousand years of the days of this world with one day in the Fire of the days of the Hereafter. Thus it is only seven days, then the punishment will cease." So Allah sent down concerning that statement of theirs: And they said: The Fire will not touch us except for a limited number of days. Say: Have you taken a covenant with Allah? For Allah will never break His covenant. Or do you say about Allah that which you do not know? Nay, whoever earns evil and his sin has encompassed him — that is, whoever acts like your deeds and disbelieves like what you disbelieved in, so that his disbelief surrounds whatever good he has with Allah — those are the companions of the Fire; they will abide therein eternally — that is, an everlasting permanence. And those who believe and do righteous deeds — those are the companions of Paradise; they will abide therein eternally — that is, whoever believes in what you disbelieved in and acts according to what you abandoned of His religion, for them is Paradise, abiding therein eternally. He informs them that the reward for good and evil is everlasting upon its people forever, with no cessation. Ibn Isḥāq said: Then Allah (Mighty and Majestic) said, rebuking them: And when We took the covenant of the Children of Israel — that is, your covenant — "You shall not worship except Allah, and to parents do good, and to relatives, orphans, and the needy; and speak to people good; and establish prayer and give zakāh." Then you turned away, except a few of you, and you were averse — that is, you abandoned all of that without any diminution. And when We took your covenant: "You shall not shed your blood," and Ibn Isḥāq said: "nor expel yourselves from your homes," then you acknowledged and you bore witness — that this is true of My covenant upon you. Then you are those who kill yourselves and expel a party of you from their homes, supporting one another against them with sin and transgression — that is, the people of polytheism — until they shed their blood with them and expel them from their homes with them. And if they come to you as captives, you ransom them, while you knew that expelling them was forbidden to you in your religion and in your Book. Do you believe in part of the Book and disbelieve in part? — that is, you ransom them believing in that, and you expel them disbelieving in that. So what is the recompense of those among you who do that except disgrace in the life of this world, and on the Day of Resurrection they will be returned to the severest punishment. And Allah is not unaware of what you do. Those are the ones who purchased the life of this world for the Hereafter; so the punishment will not be lightened for them, nor will they be helped. Thus Allah (Mighty and Majestic) rebuked them for their action, while He had forbidden them in the Torah from shedding their blood and had made obligatory upon them therein the ransom of their captives. They were two parties: among them Banū Qaynuqāʿ and their affiliates, allies of the Khazraj; and al-Naḍīr and Qurayẓah and their affiliates, allies of the Aws. When war occurred between the Aws and the Khazraj, Banū Qaynuqāʿ went out with the Khazraj, and al-Naḍīr and Qurayẓah went out with the Aws, each of the two parties supporting its allies against its brethren, until they shed one another's blood among themselves, while the Torah was in their hands, and they knew in it what was upon them and what was for them. The Aws and the Khazraj were people of polytheism who worshipped idols: they knew nothing of Paradise or Fire, or resurrection or rising, or Book, or lawful or unlawful. When the war laid down its burdens, they ransomed their captives, confirming what was in the Torah, and each of them took it from the others: Banū Qaynuqāʿ ransomed those of their captives who were in the hands of the Aws, and al-Naḍīr and Qurayẓah ransomed those of theirs who were in the hands of the Khazraj. And they overlooked the blood that was shed and those of them who were killed among themselves, in support of the people of polytheism against them. Allah, Exalted is He, said to them when He rebuked them for that: Do you believe in part of the Book and disbelieve in part? — that is, you ransom him by the ruling of the Torah and you kill him, while in the ruling of the Torah you should not do that: you kill him, expel him from his home, and support against him those who associate partners with Allah and worship idols besides Him, seeking the fleeting goods of this world. So concerning that action of theirs with the Aws and the Khazraj — as it has reached me — this account was revealed. Then He, Exalted, said: And indeed We gave Moses the Book and sent messengers after him in succession, and We gave Jesus the son of Mary clear proofs — that is, the signs placed upon his hands, of raising the dead, and his creating from clay the form of a bird, then breathing into it so that it became a bird by Allah's permission, and healing diseases, and informing of many unseen matters of what they stored in their homes, and what he restored to them of the Torah along with the Gospel, which Allah originated to him. Then He mentioned their disbelief in all of that, and said: Is it that whenever a messenger came to you with what your souls did not desire, you were arrogant? So a party you denied and a party you killed. Then He, Exalted, said: And they said: Our hearts are wrapped in coverings. Allah (Mighty and Majestic) says: Rather, Allah has cursed them for their disbelief, so little do they believe. And when there came to them a Book from Allah confirming what was with them — while before they had been seeking victory over those who disbelieved — when there came to them what they recognized, they disbelieved in it; so the curse of Allah is upon the disbelievers. Ibn Isḥāq said: ʿĀṣim b. ʿUmar b. Qatādah related to me from elders of his people, who said: By Allah, concerning us and concerning them this account was revealed. We had overcome them in the Jāhiliyyah, while we were people of polytheism and they were people of the Book. They used to say to us: "A prophet will now be sent; we will follow him. His time has drawn near. We will kill you with him as ʿĀd and Iram were killed." When Allah sent His Messenger ﷺ from Quraysh and we followed him, they disbelieved in him. Allah says: When there came to them what they recognized, they disbelieved in it; so the curse of Allah is upon the disbelievers. Evil is that for which they sold their souls: that they disbelieved in what Allah sent down, out of envy that Allah should send down of His bounty upon whom He wills of His servants — that is, that He placed it in others besides them. So they incurred wrath upon wrath, and for the disbelievers is a humiliating punishment. Ibn Isḥāq said: The wrath upon wrath: His wrath upon them for what they had neglected of the Torah while it was with them, and wrath for their disbelief in this Prophet ﷺ whom Allah originated to them. Then He rebuked them for the raising of the mount over them and their taking the calf as a god besides their Lord. Allah, Exalted is He, says to Muhammad ﷺ: Say: If the home of the Hereafter with Allah is exclusively for you rather than for other people, then wish for death, if you are truthful — that is, call for death upon whichever of the two parties is more false before Allah. But they refused that to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Allah, glorified be His praise, says to His Prophet ﷺ: But they will never wish for it, ever, because of what their hands have put forth — that is, because of their knowledge of what they have of knowledge of you and their disbelief in that. It is said: Had they wished for it on the day he said that to them, no Jew would have remained on the face of the earth but would have died. Then He mentioned their desire for the life of this world and long life, and said, Exalted: And you will surely find them the most covetous of people for life, the Jews, and those who associate partners with Allah. One of them wishes that he could be granted a thousand years, but it will not remove him from the punishment that he should be granted long life — that is, it will not save him from the punishment. That is because the polytheist does not hope for resurrection after death, so he loves long life, and because the Jew has known what disgrace he has in the Hereafter for what he neglected of the knowledge he possessed. Then Allah, Exalted, said: Say: Whoever is an enemy to Gabriel — for indeed he brought it down upon your heart by Allah's permission.
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