Tarikh (al-Tabari) 896
Some matters that occurred between the Messenger ﷺ and the Jews, Christians, and hypocrites in al-Madinah al-Munawwarah
إسْلَامُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ [ كَيْفَ أَسْلَمَ ] عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ أَبِي يُوسُفَ وَهُوَ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّةِ سَيِّدِنَا يُوسُفَ الصِّدِّيقِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، حَلِيفُ الْقَوَاقِلِ مِنَ الْخَزْرَجِ، الْإِسْرَائِيلِيُّ ثُمَّ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ ؓ. كَانَ اسْمُهُ الْحُصَيْنَ فَغَيَّرَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَكَانَ عَالِمَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ، وَكَانَ إِسْلَامُهُ فِي الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي دَخَلَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَارَ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ أَوَّلَ مَا قَدِمَ، كَمَا فِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ صُهَيْبٍ عِنْدَ الْبَيْهَقِيِّ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ آلِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ ؓ قَالَ: "لَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَزَلَ بِقُبَاءٍ فِي بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ. فَأَقْبَلَ رَجُلٌ حَتَّى أَخْبَرَ بِقُدُومِهِ.. " الْحَدِيثُ. وَفِيهِ: "فَخَرَجْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ - فَأَسْلَمْتُ وَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى أَهْلِ بَيْتِي. وَمُقْتَضَى هَذَا السِّيَاقِ يَقْتَضِي أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَرَآهُ أَوَّلَ قُدُومِهِ حِينَ أَنَاخَ بِقُبَاءَ فِي بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ، وَتَقَدَّمَ فِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ صُهَيْبٍ عَنْ أَنَسٍ أَنَّهُ اجْتَمَعَ بِهِ حِينَ أَنَاخَ عِنْدَ دَارِ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ، بَعْدَ ارْتِحَالِهِ مَنْ قُبَاءَ إِلَى دَارِ بَنِي النَّجَّارِ. كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ، فَلَعَلَّهُ رَآهُ أَوَّلَ مَا رَآهُ بِقُبَاءَ، وَاجْتَمَعَ بِهِ بَعْدَمَا صَارَ إِلَى دَارِ بَنِي النَّجَّارِ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَرَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ أَنَسٍ، وَابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ آلِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ، وَالْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ، وَيَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ، وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ وَعَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، قَالَ: لَمَّا سَمِعْتُ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَعَرَفْتُ صِفَتَهُ وَاسْمَهُ وَهَيْئَتَهُ وَزَمَانَهُ الَّذِي كُنَّا نَتَوَكَّفَ لَهُ، فَكُنْتُ مُسِرًّا بِذَلِكَ صَامِتًا عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ نَزَلَ بِقُبَاءٍ فِي بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ، فَأَقْبَلَ رَجُلٌ حَتَّى أَخْبَرَ بِقُدُومِهِ، وَأَنَا فِي رَأْسِ نَخْلَةٍ لِي أَعْمَلُ فِيهَا، وَعَمَّتِي خَالِدَةُ بِنْتُ الْحَارِثِ تَحْتِي جَالِسَةٌ. فَلَمَّا سَمِعْتُ الْخَبَرَ بِقُدُومِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَبَّرْتُ. فَقَالَتْ عَمَّتِي حِينَ سَمِعَتْ تَكْبِيرِي: "خيبك الله والله لَوْ كُنْتَ سَمِعْتَ بِمُوسَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ مَا زِدْتَ". قُلْتُ لَهَا: "أَيْ عَمَّةُ وَهُوَ، وَاللَّهِ أَخُو مُوسَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ، وَعَلَى دِينِهِ، بُعِثَ بِمَا بُعِثَ بِهِ". فَقَالَتْ لَهُ: "يَا ابْنَ أَخِي، أَهُوَ النَّبِيُّ الَّذِي كُنَّا نُخْبَرُ أَنَّهُ يُبْعَثُ مَعَ نَفَسِ السَّاعَةِ" ؟ قُلْتُ لَهَا: "نَعَمْ". قَالَتْ: "فَذَاكَ إِذًا". قَالَ: "فَخَرَجْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا تَبَيَّنْتُ وَجْهَهُ عَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِوَجْهِ كَذَّابٍ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ شَيْءٍ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: "أَفْشُوا السَّلَامَ، وَأَطْعِمُوا الطَّعَامَ، وَصِلُوا الْأَرْحَامَ، وَصَلُّوا بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّاسُ نِيَامٌ، تَدْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ بِسَلَامٍ" . وَعِنْدَ الْبَيْهَقِيِّ عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: سَمِعَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَلَامٍ بِقُدُومِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ فَقَالَ: "إِنِّي سَائِلُكَ عَنْ خِلَالٍ لَا يَعْلَمُهُنَّ إِلَّا نَبِيٌّ: مَا أَوَّلُ أَشْرَاطِ السَّاعَةِ، وَمَا أَوَّلُ طَعَامِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ؟ وَمَا بَالُ الْوَلَدِ يَنْزِعُ إِلَى أَبِيهِ أَوْ إِلَى أُمِّهِ؟ وَمَا هَذَا السَّوَادُ الَّذِي فِي الْقَمَرِ؟" قَالَ: "أَخْبَرَنِي بِهِنَّ جِبْرِيلُ آنِفًا. قَالَ: "جِبْرِيلُ" ؟ قَالَ: "نَعَمْ". قَالَ "عَدُوُّ الْيَهُودِ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ". "ثُمَّ قَرَأَ: قُلْ مَنْ كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِجِبْرِيلَ فَإِنَّهُ نَزَّلَهُ عَلَى قَلْبِكَ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَهُدًى وَبُشْرَى لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ [الْبَقَرَةِ 97] قَالَ: "أَمَّا أَوَّلُ أَشْرَاطِ السَّاعَةِ: فَنَارٌ تَخْرُجُ عَلَى النَّاسِ مِنَ الْمَشْرِقِ [تَسُوقُهُمْ] إِلَى الْمَغْرِبِ، وَأَمَّا أَوَّلُ طَعَامٍ يَأْكُلُهُ أَهْلُ الْجَنَّةِ: فَزِيَادَةُ كَبِدِ حُوتٍ، وَأَمَّا الْوَلَدُ: فَإِذَا سَبَقَ مَاءُ الرَّجُلِ مَاءَ الْمَرْأَةِ نَزَعَ الْوَلَدَ، وَإِذَا سَبَقَ مَاءُ الْمَرْأَةِ مَاءَ الرَّجُلِ نَزَعَتِ الْوَلَدَ، وَأَمَّا السَّوَادُ الَّذِي فِي الْقَمَرِ: فَإِنَّهُمَا كَانَا شَمْسَيْنِ. قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَجَعَلْنَا اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ آيَتَيْنِ فَمَحَوْنَا آيَةَ اللَّيْلَ [الْإِسْرَاءِ 12] فَالسَّوَادُ الَّذِي رَأَيْتَ هُوَ الْمَحْوُ". فَقَالَ: "أَشْهَدُ أَلَّا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ". ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ فَأَمَرَهُمْ فَأَسْلَمُوا وَكَتَمَ إِسْلَامَهُ. ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: "يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ الْيَهُودَ قَدْ عَلِمَتْ أَنِّي سَيِّدُهُمْ وَابْنُ سَيِّدِهِمْ، وَأَعْلَمُهُمْ وَابْنُ أَعْلَمِهِمْ، وَأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ بُهْتٌ، وَأَنَّهُمْ إِنْ يَعْلَمُوا بِإِسْلَامِي قَبْلَ أَنْ تَسْأَلَهُمْ عَنِّي بَهَتُونِي، وَقَالُوا فِيَّ مَا لَيْسَ فِيَّ، فَأُحِبُّ أَنْ تُدْخِلَنِي بَعْضَ بُيُوتِكَ". فَأَدْخَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ بَعْضَ بُيُوتِهِ، وَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى الْيَهُودِ فَدَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: "يَا مَعْشَرَ يَهُودَ يَا وَيْلَكُمُ اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ فَوَاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ إِنَّكُمْ لَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ قَدْ جِئْتُكُمْ بِالْحَقِّ فَأَسْلِمُوا". فَقَالُوا: مَا نَعْلَمُهُ. فَقَالَ: "أَيُّ رَجُلٍ فِيكُمُ الْحُصَيْنُ بْنُ سَلَامٍ" ؟ قَالُوا: "خَيْرُنَا وَابْنُ خَيْرِنَا وَسَيِّدُنَا وَابْنُ سَيِّدِنَا وَأَعْلَمُنَا وَابْنُ أَعْلَمِنَا". فَقَالَ: "أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ أَسْلَمَ؟" قَالُوا: "أَعَاذَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ". فَقَالَ: "يَا بْنَ سَلَامٍ اخْرُجْ إِلَيْهِمْ" فَخَرَجَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ: "أَشْهَدُ أَلَّا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، يَا مَعْشَرَ يَهُودَ اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاقْبَلُوا مَا جَاءَكُمْ بِهِ، فَوَاللَّهِ إِنَّكُمْ لَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ لَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ حَقًّا، تَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عِنْدَكُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ: اسْمَهُ وَصِفَتَهُ، فَإِنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، وَأُومِنُ بِهِ وَأُصَدِّقُهُ وَأَعْرِفُهُ. قَالُوا: "كَذَبْتَ، أَنْتَ شَرُّنَا وَابْنُ شَرِّنَا"، وَانْتَقَصُوهُ. قَالَ: "هَذَا الَّذِي كُنْتُ أَخَافُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَلَمْ أُخْبِرْكَ أَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ بُهْتٌ، أَهْلُ غَدْرٍ وَكَذِبٍ وَفُجُورٍ" ؟ قَالَ: "وَأَظْهَرْتُ إِسْلَامِي وَإِسْلَامَ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي، وَأَسْلَمَتْ عَمَّتِي خَالِدَةُ بِنْتُ الْحَارِثِ، وَحَسُنَ إِسْلَامُهَا".
Translation
✧ The Islam of ʿAbd Allāh b. Salām [How ʿAbd Allāh b. Salām b. al-Ḥārith Abū Yūsuf became Muslim] He was from the descendants of our master Yūsuf al-Ṣiddīq ﷺ, an ally of the Qawāqil of the Khazraj, the Israelite then the Anṣārī ؓ. His name was al-Ḥuṣayn, and the Prophet ﷺ changed it. He was the scholar of the People of the Book, and his Islam took place on the day the Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered the house of Abū Ayyūb when he first arrived, as in the narration of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Ṣuhayb according to al-Bayhaqī. Ibn Isḥāq narrated from a man of the family of ʿAbd Allāh b. Salām ؓ who said: "When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived, he stayed at Qubāʾ among Banū ʿAmr b. ʿAwf. Then a man came until he informed of his arrival..." the ḥadīth. In it: "So I went out to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, became Muslim, and returned to my household. The implication of this context requires that he heard of the Prophet ﷺ and saw him at the first arrival when he halted at Qubāʾ among Banū ʿAmr b. ʿAwf. It was previously mentioned in the narration of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Ṣuhayb from Anas that he met him when he halted at the house of Abū Ayyūb, after his departure from Qubāʾ to the house of Banū al-Najjār. As previously mentioned, perhaps he saw him the first time he saw him at Qubāʾ, and met with him after he came to the house of Banū al-Najjār. And Allah knows best. Al-Bukhārī and al-Bayhaqī narrated from Anas, Ibn Isḥāq from a man of the family of ʿAbd Allāh b. Salām, Imām Aḥmad and Yaʿqūb b. Sufyān from ʿAbd Allāh b. Salām, and al-Bayhaqī from Mūsā b. ʿUqbah and from Ibn Shihāb, who said: When I heard of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and knew his description, his name, his appearance, and his time which we had been expecting for him, I kept that secret and remained silent about it until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to al-Madīnah. When he arrived, he stayed at Qubāʾ among Banū ʿAmr b. ʿAwf. Then a man came until he informed of his arrival, while I was at the top of a date palm of mine working in it, and my paternal aunt Khālidah bt. al-Ḥārith was sitting below me. When I heard the news of the arrival of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I said Allāhu akbar. My aunt said when she heard my takbīr: "May Allah disappoint you; by Allah, if you had heard of Mūsā b. ʿImrān you would not have done more." I said to her: "O aunt, he is, by Allah, the brother of Mūsā b. ʿImrān, and upon his religion, sent with what he was sent with." She said to him: "O son of my brother, is he the prophet whom we were told would be sent with the breath of the Hour?" I said to her: "Yes." She said: "Then that is he." He said: "So I went out to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and when I discerned his face, I knew that it was not the face of a liar. The first thing I heard him say was: 'Spread salām, feed food, maintain family ties, and pray at night while people sleep; you will enter Paradise in peace.'" According to al-Bayhaqī from Anas: ʿAbd Allāh b. Salām heard of the arrival of the Prophet ﷺ and came to the Prophet and said: "I will ask you about matters which only a prophet knows: What is the first of the signs of the Hour, what is the first food of the people of Paradise, why does a child resemble his father or his mother, and what is this blackness in the moon?" He said: "Jibrīl informed me of them just now." He said: "Jibrīl?" He said: "Yes." He said: "The enemy of the Jews among the angels." "Then he recited: Say: Whoever is an enemy to Jibrīl, for he brought it down upon your heart by Allah's permission, confirming what was before it, and as guidance and good tidings for the believers [al-Baqarah 97]. He said: 'As for the first of the signs of the Hour: a fire will emerge upon the people from the east [driving them] to the west; as for the first food the people of Paradise will eat: the extra lobe of a fish's liver; as for the child: if the man's fluid precedes the woman's fluid, the child resembles [the father], and if the woman's fluid precedes the man's fluid, the child resembles [the mother]; as for the blackness in the moon: they were two suns. Allah the Exalted said: And We made the night and the day two signs, and erased the sign of the night [al-Isrāʾ 12], so the blackness you saw is the erasure.'" He said: "I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that you are the Messenger of Allah." Then he returned to his household and commanded them, and they became Muslim, but he concealed his Islam. Then he went out to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: "O Messenger of Allah, the Jews know that I am their chief and the son of their chief, the most learned of them and the son of the most learned of them, and they are a slanderous people. If they learn of my Islam before you ask them about me, they will slander me and say about me what is not in me. I would like you to admit me into one of your rooms." So the Messenger of Allah admitted him into one of his rooms, and sent for the Jews. They entered upon him and he said: "O assembly of Jews, woe to you! Fear Allah, for by Allah, besides whom there is no god, you know that I am the Messenger of Allah and that I have come to you with the truth, so become Muslim." They said: We do not know that. He said: "Which man among you is al-Ḥuṣayn b. Salām?" They said: "Our best and the son of our best, our chief and the son of our chief, our most learned and the son of our most learned." He said: "What do you think if he becomes Muslim?" They said: "May Allah protect him from that." He said: "O Ibn Salām, come out to them." So ʿAbd Allāh came out and said: "I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and I bear witness that Muḥammad is the Messenger of Allah. O assembly of Jews, fear Allah and accept what he has brought to you, for by Allah you know that he is truly the Messenger of Allah; you find him written with you in the Torah: his name and his description. Indeed I bear witness that he is the Messenger of Allah, I believe in him, I affirm him, and I know him." They said: "You lie; you are our worst and the son of our worst," and they belittled him. He said: "This is what I feared, O Messenger of Allah. Did I not tell you that they are a slanderous people, people of treachery, lying, and wickedness?" He said: "And I made my Islam and the Islam of my household public, and my aunt Khālidah bt. al-Ḥārith became Muslim, and her Islam was good."
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