Tarikh (al-Tabari) 855
The Prophet's emigration ﷺ
[ استخلاف النبي ﷺ عليا على فراشه خُرُوجُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَاسْتِخْلَافُهُ عَلِيًّا عَلَى فِرَاشِهِ ] فَأَتَى جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السِّلَامُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: لَا تَبِتْ هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةَ عَلَى فِرَاشِكَ الَّذِي كُنْتَ تَبِيتُ عَلَيْهِ. قَالَ: فَلَمَّا كَانَتْ عَتَمَةٌ مِنْ اللَّيْلِ اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى بَابِهِ يَرْصُدُونَهُ مَتَى يَنَامُ، فَيَثِبُونَ عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَكَانَهُمْ، قَالَ لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ: نَمْ عَلَى فِرَاشِي وَتَسَجَّ بِبُرْدِي هَذَا الْحَضْرَمِيِّ الْأَخْضَرِ، فَنَمْ فِيهِ، فَإِنَّهُ لَنْ يَخْلُصَ إلَيْكَ شَيْءٌ تَكْرَهُهُ مِنْهُمْ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَنَامُ فِي بُرْدِهِ ذَلِكَ إذَا نَامَ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَحَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ قَالَ: لَمَّا اجْتَمَعُوا لَهُ، وَفِيهِمْ أَبُو جَهْلِ بْنُ هِشَامٍ، فَقَالَ وَهُمْ عَلَى بَابِهِ: إنَّ مُحَمَّدًا يَزْعُمُ أَنَّكُمْ إنْ تَابَعْتُمُوهُ عَلَى أَمْرِهِ، كُنْتُمْ مُلُوكَ الْعَرَبِ وَالْعَجَمِ، ثُمَّ بُعِثْتُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَوْتِكُمْ، فَجُعِلَتْ لَكُمْ جِنَانٌ كَجِنَانِ الْأُرْدُنِّ، وَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا كَانَ لَهُ فِيكُمْ ذَبْحٌ، ثُمَّ بُعِثْتُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَوْتِكُمْ، ثُمَّ جُعِلَتْ لَكُمْ نَارٌ تُحْرَقُونَ فِيهَا. قَالَ: وَخَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَخَذَ حَفْنَةً مِنْ تُرَابٍ فِي يَدِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ أَنَا أَقُولُ ذَلِكَ، أَنْتَ أَحَدُهُمْ. وَأَخَذَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَى أَبْصَارِهِمْ عَنْهُ، فَلَا يَرَوْنَهُ، فَجَعَلَ يَنْثُرُ ذَلِكَ التُّرَابَ عَلَى رُءُوسِهِمْ وَهُوَ يَتْلُو هَؤُلَاءِ الْآيَاتِ مِنْ يس: يس وَالْقُرْآنِ الْحَكِيمِ إِنَّكَ لَمِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ عَلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ تَنْزِيلَ الْعَزِيزِ الرَّحِيمِ إلَى قَوْلِهِ: فَأَغْشَيْنَاهُمْ فَهُمْ لَا يُبْصِرُونَ حَتَّى فَرَغَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْآيَاتِ وَلَمْ يَبْقَ مِنْهُمْ رَجُلٌ إلَّا وَقَدْ وَضَعَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ تُرَابًا، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ إلَى حَيْثُ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ، فَأَتَاهُمْ آتٍ مِمَّنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ، فَقَالَ: مَا تَنْتَظِرُونَ هَاهُنَا ؟ قَالُوا: مُحَمَّدًا؛ قَالَ: خَيَّبَكُمْ اللَّهُ قَدْ وَاَللَّهِ خَرَجَ عَلَيْكُمْ مُحَمَّدٌ، ثُمَّ مَا تَرَكَ مِنْكُمْ رَجُلًا إلَّا وَقَدْ وَضَعَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ تُرَابًا، وَانْطَلَقَ لِحَاجَتِهِ، أَفَمَا تَرَوْنَ مَا بِكُمْ ؟ قَالَ: فَوَضَعَ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ يَدَهُ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ، فَإِذَا عَلَيْهِ تُرَابٌ، ثُمَّ جَعَلُوا يَتَطَلَّعُونَ فَيَرَوْنَ عَلِيًّا عَلَى الْفِرَاشِ مُتَسَجِّيًا بِبُرْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَيَقُولُونَ: وَاَللَّهِ إنَّ هَذَا لَمُحَمَّدٌ نَائِمًا، عَلَيْهِ بُرْدُهُ. فَلَمْ يَبْرَحُوا كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى أَصْبَحُوا فَقَامَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ عَنْ الْفِرَاشِ فَقَالُوا: وَاَللَّهِ لَقَدْ كَانَ صَدَقَنَا الَّذِي حَدَّثَنَا. وَرَوَى الْوَاقِدِيُّ عَنْ أَشْيَاخِهِ: أَنَّ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَنْتَظِرُونَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ: أَبُو جَهْلٍ، وَالْحَكَمُ بْنُ أَبِي الْعَاصِ، وَعُقْبَةُ بْنُ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ، وَالنَّضْرُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، وَأُمَيَّةُ بْنُ خَلَفٍ، وَابْنُ الْعَيْطَلَةِ، وَزَمْعَةُ بْنُ الْأَسْوَدِ، وَطُعَيْمَةُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، وَأَبُو لَهَبٍ، وَأُبَيُّ بْنُ خَلَفٍ، وَنَبِيهٌ وَمُنَبِّهٌ ابْنَا الْحَجَّاجِ. فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحُوا قَامَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ عَنِ الْفِرَاشِ، فَسَأَلُوهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: لَا عِلْمَ لِي بِهِ. وَحَكَى جَرِيرٌ أَنَّهُمْ ضَرَبُوا عَلِيًّا وَحَبَسُوهُ سَاعَةً، ثُمَّ تَرَكُوهُ.
Translation
✧ [The Prophet's ﷺ leaving and his appointing ʿAlī over his bed] Jibrīl ﷺ came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: 'Do not sleep tonight on the bed on which you used to sleep.' He said: When it was the dark of night, they gathered at his door watching for when he would sleep, so that they might pounce upon him. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw their place, he said to ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib: 'Sleep on my bed and cover yourself with this green Ḥaḍramī cloak of mine; sleep in it, for nothing you dislike from them will reach you.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to sleep in that cloak of his when he slept. Ibn Isḥāq said: Yazīd b. Ziyād narrated to me, from Muḥammad b. Kaʿb al-Quraẓī, who said: When they gathered for him, and among them was Abū Jahl b. Hishām, he said while they were at his door: 'Muḥammad claims that if you follow him in his affair, you will be kings of the Arabs and the non-Arabs, then you will be raised after your death, and gardens like the gardens of Jordan will be made for you; and if you do not, he will have slaughter among you, then you will be raised after your death, and a fire will be made for you in which you will burn.' He said: And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came out upon them and took a handful of dust in his hand, then said: 'I say that; you are one of them.' Allah, Exalted is He, took hold of their sight from him, so they could not see him. He began to scatter that dust upon their heads while reciting these verses from Yā Sīn: 'Yā Sīn. By the wise Qurʾān, indeed you are one of the messengers, upon a straight path. A revelation of the Mighty, the Merciful...' up to His saying: '...so We covered them, and they do not see,' until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ finished these verses, and there remained not one of them but had dust placed on his head. Then he departed to where he intended to go. A comer who had not been with them came to them and said: 'What are you waiting for here?' They said: 'Muḥammad.' He said: 'May Allah disappoint you. By Allah, Muḥammad came out upon you, then left not a man among you but placed dust on his head, and went off for his need. Do you not see what is upon you?' He said: Each man of them placed his hand on his head, and there was dust upon it. Then they began to look and saw ʿAlī on the bed, covered with the cloak of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and they said: 'By Allah, this is Muḥammad sleeping; his cloak is upon him.' They did not cease thus until morning came. Then ʿAlī ؓ rose from the bed, and they said: 'By Allah, the one who told us spoke truth.' Al-Wāqidī narrated from his shaykhs that the polytheists who were waiting for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that night were: Abū Jahl, al-Ḥakam b. Abī al-ʿĀṣ, ʿUqbah b. Abī Muʿayṭ, al-Naḍr b. al-Ḥārith, Umayyah b. Khalaf, Ibn al-ʿAyṭalah, Zamʿah b. al-Aswad, Ṭuʿaymah b. ʿAdī, Abū Lahab, Ubayy b. Khalaf, and Nabīh and Munabbih, the two sons of al-Ḥajjāj. When morning came, ʿAlī ؓ rose from the bed, and they asked him about the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said: 'I have no knowledge of him.' Jarīr related that they struck ʿAlī and imprisoned him for a while, then left him.
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