Tarikh (al-Tabari) 852
The Prophet's emigration ﷺ
إِذْنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي الْهِجْرَةِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ رَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ وَعَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ قَالَ: لَمَّا صَدَرَ السَّبْعُونَ مِنْ عِنْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ طَابَتْ نَفْسُهُ وَقَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُ مَنَعَةً وَقَوْمًا أَهْلَ حَرْبٍ [وَعُدَّةٍ] وَنَجْدَةٍ، وَجَعَلَ الْبَلَاءَ يَشْتَدُّ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ لِمَا يَعْلَمُونَ مِنَ الْخُرُوجِ فَضَيَّقُوا عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ وَتَعَبَّثُوا بِهِمْ، وَنَالُوا مِنْهُمْ مَا لَمْ يَكُونُوا يَنَالُونَ مِنَ الشَّتْمِ وَالْأَذَى، فَشَكَا ذَلِكَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاسْتَأْذَنُوهُ فِي الْهِجْرَةِ، فَقَالَ: «قَدْ أُرِيتُ دَارَ هِجْرَتِكُمْ، أُرِيتُ سَبِخَةً ذَاتَ نَخْلٍ بَيْنَ لَابَتَيْنِ» - وَهُمَا الْحَرَّتَانِ- «وَلَوْ كَانَتِ السَّرَاةُ أَرْضَ نَخْلٍ وَسِبَاخٍ لَقُلْتُ هِيَ هِيَ». ثُمَّ مَكَثَ أَيَّامًا ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ مَسْرُورًا فَقَالَ: «قَدْ أُخْبِرْتُ بِدَارِ هِجْرَتِكُمْ وَهِيَ يَثْرِبُ، فَمَنْ أَرَادَ الْخُرُوجَ فَلْيَخْرُجْ إِلَيْهَا». فَجَعَلَ الْقَوْمُ يَتَجَهَّزُونَ وَيَتَرَافَقُونَ وَيَتَوَاسَوْنَ وَيَخْرُجُونَ وَيُخْفُونَ ذَلِكَ. أول من قدم المدينة من أصحاب الرسول ﷺ فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَسَدِ- بِسِينٍ وَدَالٍ مُهْمَلَتَيْنِ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: «هَاجَرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ قَبْلَ بَيْعَةِ الْعَقَبَةِ بِسَنَةٍ. وَحُبِسَتْ عَنْهُ امْرَأَتُهُ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ هِنْدُ بِنْتُ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بِمَكَّةَ نَحْوَ سَنَةٍ ثُمَّ أَذِنَ لَهَا بَنُو الْمُغِيرَةِ الَّذِينَ حَبَسُوهَا فِي اللَّحَاقِ بِزَوْجِهَا فَانْطَلَقَتْ وَحْدَهَا مُهَاجِرَةً حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَتْ بِالتَّنْعِيمِ لَقِيَتْ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ طَلْحَةَ [بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ] أَخَا بَنِي عَبْدِ الدَّارِ وَكَانَ يَوْمَئِذٍ مُشْرِكًا وَأَسْلَمَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، فَشَيَّعَهَا حَتَّى إِذَا أَوْفَى عَلَى قَرْيَةِ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ بِقُبَاءٍ قَالَ لَهَا: هَذَا زَوْجُكِ فِي هَذِهِ الْقَرْيَةِ. ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ رَاجِعًا إِلَى مَكَّةَ، فَكَانَتْ تَقُولُ: مَا رَأَيْتُ صَاحِبًا قَطُّ كَانَ أَكْرَمَ مِنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ، كَانَ إِذَا بَلَغَ الْمَنْزِلَ أَنَاخَ بِي ثُمَّ اسْتَأْخَرَ عَنِّي حَتَّى إِذَا نَزَلْتُ عَنْهُ اسْتَأْخَرَ بِبَعِيرِي فَحَطَّ عَنْهُ ثُمَّ قَيَّدَهُ فِي الشَّجَرَةِ، ثُمَّ أَتَى إِلَى شَجَرَةٍ فَاضْطَجَعَ تَحْتَهَا، فَإِذَا دَنَا الرَّوَاحُ قَامَ إِلَى بَعِيرِي فَقَدَّمَهُ فَرَحَّلَهُ، ثُمَّ اسْتَأْخَرَ عَنِّي وَقَالَ: ارْكَبِي. فَإِذَا رَكِبْتُ وَاسْتَوَيْتُ عَلَى بَعِيرِي أَتَى فَأَخَذَ بِخِطَامِهِ فَقَادَنِي، [فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَصْنَعُ ذَلِكَ بِي حَتَّى أَقْدَمَنِي الْمَدِينَةَ]. وَقِيلَ: أَوَّلُ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ مُصْعَبُ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ. رَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي صَحِيحِهِ، وَالْحَاكِمُ فِي الْإِكْلِيلِ عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ قَالَ: «أَوَّلُ مَنْ قَدِمَ عَلَيْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ مُصْعَبُ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ». وَرَوَى ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ: «ثُمَّ كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ قَدِمَهَا مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ بَعْدَ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ: عَامِرُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ [حَلِيفُ بَنِي عَدِيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ]، مَعَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ لَيْلَى بِنْتُ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ - بِالْحَاءِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ الْمَفْتُوحَةِ وَسُكُونِ الثَّاءِ الْمُثَلَّثَةِ- قَالَا: «وَهِيَ أَوَّلُ ظَعِينَةٍ قَدِمَتِ الْمَدِينَةَ». قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: «ثُمَّ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ احْتَمَلَ بِأَهْلِهِ وَبِأَخِيهِ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ عَبْدِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ- بِإِضَافَةِ عَبْدٍ إِلَى ابْنِ جَحْشٍ- وَكَانَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ رَجُلًا ضَرِيرَ الْبَصَرِ، وَكَانَ يَطُوفُ مَكَّةَ أَعْلَاهَا وَأَسْفَلَهَا بِغَيْرِ قَائِدٍ، وَكَانَ شَاعِرًا، وَكَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ الْفَارِعَةُ ابْنَةُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، وَهَاجَرَ جَمِيعُ بَنِي جَحْشٍ بِنِسَائِهِمْ فَعَدَا أَبُو سُفْيَانَ عَلَى دَارِهِمْ فَتَمَلَّكَهَا، قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: إِنَّهُ بَاعَهَا مِنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ أَخِي بَنِي عَامِرِ بْنِ لُؤَيٍّ، فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَلَا تَرْضَى يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ أَنْ يُعْطِيَكَ اللَّهُ بِهَا دَارًا فِي الْجَنَّةِ خَيْرًا مِنْهَا؟» قَالَ: بَلَى. قَالَ: «فَذَلِكَ لَكَ». وَلَمَّا افْتَتَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَكَّةَ كَلَّمَهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ فِي دَارِهِمْ، فَأَبْطَأَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ. فَقَالَ النَّاسُ لِأَبِي أَحْمَدَ: يَا أَبَا أَحْمَدَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ يَكْرَهُ أَنْ تَرْجِعُوا فِي شَيْءٍ أُصِيبَ مِنْكُمْ فِي اللَّهِ. فَأَمْسَكَ الْكَلَامَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَكَانَ بَنُو غَنْمِ بْنِ دُودَانَ أَهْلَ إِسْلَامٍ، قَدْ أَوْعَبُوا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ هِجْرَةَ رِجَالِهِمْ وَنِسَائِهِمْ: [عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ وَأَخُوهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ جَحْشٍ، وَعُكَّاشَةُ بْنُ مِحْصَنٍ وَشُجَاعُ وَعُقْبَةُ ابْنَا وَهْبٍ وَأَرْبَدُ بْنُ حِمْيَرَ]. هجرة عمر بن الخطاب ؓ وَرَوَى ابْنُ السَّمَّانِ فِي «الْمُوَافَقَةِ» عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ قَالَ: مَا عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ هَاجَرَ إِلَّا مُخْتَفِيًا إِلَّا عَمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، فَإِنَّهُ لَمَّا هَمَّ بِالْهِجْرَةِ تَقَلَّدَ سَيْفَهُ وَتَنَكَّبَ قَوْسَهُ وَانْتَضَى فِي يَدِهِ أَسْهُمًا وَاخْتَصَرَ عَنَزَتَهُ، وَمَضَى قِبَلَ الْكَعْبَةِ، وَالْمَلَأُ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ بِفِنَائِهَا فَطَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ سَبْعًا [مُتَمَكِّنًا]، ثُمَّ أَتَى الْمَقَامَ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ وَقَفَ عَلَى الْحَلَقِ وَاحِدَةً وَاحِدَةً وَقَالَ لَهُمْ: شَاهَتِ الْوُجُوهُ، لَا يُرْغِمُ اللَّهُ إِلَّا هَذِهِ الْمَعَاطِسَ، مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنَّ يُثَكِّلَ أُمَّهُ أَوْ يُؤْتَمَ وَلَدُهُ أَوْ يُرَمِّلَ زَوْجَتَهُ فَلْيَلْقَنِي وَرَاءَ هَذَا الْوَادِي. قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ: فَلَمْ يَتْبَعْهُ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا قَوْمٌ مِنَ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ عَلِمَهُمْ مَا أَرْشَدَهُمْ إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ مَضَى لِوَجْهِهِ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنِي نَافِعٌ مَوْلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ قَالَ: اتَّعَدْتُ لَمَّا أَرَدْنَا الْهِجْرَةَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ أَنَا وَعَيَّاشُ بْنُ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ وَهِشَامُ بْنُ الْعَاصِ [بْنِ وَائِلٍ] السَّهْمِيُّ التَّنَاضُبَ مِنْ أَضَاةِ بَنِي غِفَارٍ فَوْقَ سَرَفَ، وَقُلْنَا: أَيُّنَا لَمْ يُصْبِحْ عِنْدَهَا فَقَدْ حُبِسَ فَلْيَمْضِ صَاحِبَاهُ. قَالَ: فَأَصْبَحْتُ أَنَا وَعَيَّاشُ بْنُ أَبِيِّ رَبِيعَةَ عِنْدَ التَّنَاضُبِ وَفَطِنَ لِهِشَامٍ قَوْمُهُ فَحَبَسُوهُ عَنِ الْهِجْرَةِ وَفُتِنَ فَافْتَتَنَ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ أَبَا جَهْلٍ وَالْحَارِثَ بْنَ هِشَامٍ- وَأَسْلَمَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ- خَرَجَا حَتَّى قَدِمَا الْمَدِينَةَ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ، فَقَالَا لِعَيَّاشِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ وَكَانَ ابْنَ عَمِّهِمَا وَأَخَاهُمَا لِأُمِّهِمَا: إِنَّ أُمَّكَ قَدْ نَذَرَتْ أَلَّا يَمَسَّ رَأْسَهَا مُشْطٌ حَتَّى تَرَاكَ وَلَا تَسْتَظِلَّ مِنْ شَمْسٍ حَتَّى تَرَاكَ، فَرَقَّ لَهَا. فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا عَيَّاشُ إِنَّهُ وَاللَّهِ إِنْ يُرِيدُكَ الْقَوْمُ إِلَّا لِيَفْتِنُوكَ عَنْ دِينِكَ فَاحْذَرْهُمْ، فَوَاللَّهِ لَوْ قَدْ آذَى أُمَّكَ الْقَمْلُ لَامْتَشَطَتْ، وَلَوْ قَدِ اشْتَدَّ عَلَيْهَا حَرُّ مَكَّةَ لَاسْتَظَلَّتْ. فَقَالَ: أُبِرُّ قَسَمَ أُمِّي وَلِي هُنَالِكَ مَالٌ فَآخُذُهُ. فَقُلْتُ: وَاللَّهِ إِنَّكَ لَتَعْلَمُ أَنِّي لَمِنْ أَكْثَرِ قُرَيْشًا مَالًا فَلَكَ نِصْفُ مَالِي وَلَا تَذْهَبْ مَعَهُمَا. فَأَبَى عَلَيَّ إِلَّا أَنْ يَخْرُجَ مَعَهُمَا. فَلَمَّا أَبَىَ إِلَّا ذَلِكَ قُلْتُ: أَمَا إِذْ قَدْ فَعَلْتَ مَا فَعَلْتَ فَخُذْ نَاقَتِي هَذِهِ فَإِنَّهَا نَاقَةٌ نَجِيبَةٌ ذَلُولٌ فَالْزَمْ ظَهْرَهَا، فَإِنْ رَابَكَ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ رَيْبٌ فَانْجُ عَلَيْهَا، فَخَرَجَ عَلَيْهَا مَعَهُمَا، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانُوا بِبَعْضِ الطَّرِيقِ قَالَ لَهُ أَبُو جَهْلٍ: وَاللَّهِ يَا أَخِي لَقَدِ اسْتَغْلَظَتْ بَعِيرِي هَذَا، أَفَلَا تَعْقُبُنِي عَلَى نَاقَتِكَ هَذِهِ؟. قَالَ: بَلَى. قَالَ: فَأَنَاخَ وَأَنَاخَا لِيَتَحَوَّلَ عَلَيْهَا، فَلَمَّا اسْتَوَوْا بِالْأَرْضِ عَدَوَا عَلَيْهِ فَأَوْثَقَاهُ رِبَاطًا وَفَتَنَاهُ فَافْتَتَنَ وَدَخَلَا بِهِ مَكَّةَ نَهَارًا مُوَثَّقًا، ثُمَّ قَالَا: يَا أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ هَكَذَا فَافْعَلُوا بِسُفَهَائِكُمْ كَمَا فَعَلْنَا بِسَفِيهِنَا هَذَا. قَالَ عُمَرُ: فَكُنَّا نَقُولُ: مَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِقَابِلٍ مِمَّنِ افْتَتَنَ صَرْفًا وَلَا عَدْلًا وَلَا تَوْبَةً، قَوْمٌ عَرَفُوا اللَّهَ ثُمَّ رَجَعُوا إِلَى الْكُفْرِ لِبَلَاءٍ أَصَابَهُمْ. قَالَ: وَكَانُوا يَقُولُونَ ذَلِكَ لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ. فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِيهِمْ وَفِي قَوْلِنَا وَقَوْلِهِمْ لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ قُلْ يَا عِبَادِيَ الَّذِينَ أَسْرَفُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ لا تَقْنَطُوا مِنْ رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهِ يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ جَمِيعًا إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ وَأَنِيبُوا إِلَى رَبِّكُمْ وَأَسْلِمُوا لَهُ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَكُمُ الْعَذَابُ ثُمَّ لا تُنْصَرُونَ وَاتَّبِعُوا أَحْسَنَ مَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَكُمُ الْعَذَابُ بَغْتَةً وَأَنْتُمْ لا تَشْعُرُونَ [الزُّمَرِ: 53، 54، 55]. قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ: فَكَتَبْتُهَا بِيَدِي فِي صَحِيفَةٍ وَبَعَثْتُ بِهَا إِلَى هِشَامِ بْنِ الْعَاصِي. قَالَ: فَقَالَ هِشَامٌ: فَلَمَّا أَتَتْنِي جَعَلْتُ أَقْرَؤُهَا بِذِي طِوًى أَصْعَدُ بِهَا فِيهِ وَأُصَوِّبُ وَلَا أَفْهَمُهَا حَتَّى قُلْتُ: اللَّهُمَّ فَهِّمْنِيهَا قَالَ: فَأَلْقَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي قَلْبِي أَنَّهَا إِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَتْ فِينَا وَفِيمَا كُنَّا نَقُولُ فِي أَنْفُسِنَا. قَالَ: فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى بَعِيرِي فَجَلَسْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَلَحِقْتُ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. هَذَا مَا ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ فِي شَأْنِ هِشَامٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: فَحَدَّثَنِي مَنْ أَثِقُ بِهِ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ وَهُوَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ: «مَنْ لِي بِعَيَّاشِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ وَهِشَامِ بْنِ الْعَاصِي؟» فَقَالَ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ: أَنَا لَكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ بِهِمَا. فَخَرَجَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَقَدِمَهَا مُسْتَخْفِيًا، فَلَقِيَ امْرَأَةً تَحْمِلُ طَعَامًا فَقَالَ لَهَا: أَيْنَ تُرِيدِينَ يَا أَمَةَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَتْ: أُرِيدُ هَذَيْنِ الْمَحْبُوسَيْنِ. تَعْنِيهِمَا، فَتَبِعَهَا حَتَّى عَرَفَ مَوْضِعَهُمَا، وَكَانَا مَحْبُوسَيْنِ فِي بَيْتٍ لَا سَقْفَ لَهُ، فَلَمَّا أَمْسَى تَسَوَّرَ عَلَيْهِمَا ثُمَّ أَخَذَ مَرْوَةً فَوَضَعَهَا تَحْتَ قَيْدَيْهِمَا ثُمَّ ضَرَبَهُمَا بِسَيْفِهِ فَقَطَعَهُمَا، فَكَانَ يُقَالُ لِسَيْفِهِ: ذُو الْمَرْوَةِ، لِذَلِكَ ثُمَّ حَمَلَهُمَا عَلَى بَعِيرِهِ وَسَاقَ بِهِمَا فَعَثَرَ فَدَمِيَتْ إِصْبَعُهُ فَقَالَ: هَلْ أَنْتِ إِلَّا أُصْبُعٌ دَمِيتِ؟ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ مَا لَقِيتِ ثُمَّ قَدِمَ بِهِمَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ تَتَابَعَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ أَرْسَالًا فَنَزَلَ طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ وَصُهَيْبُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ عَلَى خُبَيْبِ- بِضَمِّ الْخَاءِ الْمُعْجَمَةِ وَفَتْحِ الْمُوَحَّدَةِ- ابْنِ إِسَافٍ- بِكَسْرِ الْهَمْزَةِ- بِالسُّنْحِ وَيُقَالُ: بَلْ نَزَلَ طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ عَلَى أَسْعَدَ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ. هجرة صهيب بن سنان ؓ وَرَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ أَنَّ صُهَيْبًا حِينَ أَرَادَ الْهِجْرَةَ قَالَ لَهُ كُفَّارُ قُرَيْشٍ: أَتَيْتَنَا صُعْلُوكًا حَقِيرًا فَكَثُرَ مَالُكَ عِنْدَنَا وَبَلَغْتَ الَّذِي بَلَغْتَ ثُمَّ تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَخْرُجَ بِمَالِكَ وَنَفْسِكَ وَاللَّهِ لَا يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ. فَقَالَ لَهُمْ صُهَيْبٌ: أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ جَعَلْتُ لَكُمْ مَالِي أَتُخَلُّونَ سَبِيلِي؟ قَالُوا: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: فَإِنِّي جَعَلْتُ لَكُمْ مَالِي. قَالَ: فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: «رَبِحَ صُهَيْبٌ رَبِحَ صُهَيْبٌ». قَالَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ: لَمَّاَ قَدِمَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرْسَالًا فَنَزَلُوا فِي الْأَنْصَارِ فِي دُورِهِمْ وَآوُوهُمْ وَنَصَرُوهُمْ وَآسَوْهُمْ، وَكَانَ سَالِمٌ مَوْلَى أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ يَؤُمُّ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ بِقُبَاءٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْدَمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ. قَالَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ: وَكَانَ نَفَرٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ بَايَعُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْعَقَبَةِ الْآخِرَةِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعُوا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَى قُبَاءٍ خَرَجُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ، حَتَّى قَدِمُوا مَعَ أَصْحَابِهِ فِي الْهِجْرَةِ، فَهُمْ مُهَاجِرُونَ أَنْصَارِيُّونَ وَهُمْ: ذَكْوَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ قَيْسِ [بْنِ خَلَدَةَ الزُّرَّقِيُّ]، وَعُقْبَةُ بْنُ وَهْبِ بْنِ كَلَدَةَ وَالْعَبَّاسُ [ابْنُ عُبَادَةَ] بْنِ نَضْلَةَ وَزِيَادُ بْنُ لَبِيدِ [بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ الْخَزْرَجِيُّ الْبَيَاضِيُّ].
Translation
✧ The Prophet's permission ﷺ for the Muslims to emigrate to Madinah Ibn Saʿd narrated from Abū Umāmah b. Sahl b. Ḥunayf and from ʿUrwah, from ʿĀʾishah ؓ, who said: When the seventy departed from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he was pleased, for Allah had made for him a stronghold and a people of war, [equipment] and aid. Affliction upon the Muslims from the polytheists began to intensify because they knew of the impending departure. They pressured his companions, toyed with them, and inflicted upon them such insults and harm as they had never before inflicted. The companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ complained of that and sought his permission to emigrate. He said: "I have been shown the abode of your emigration: I was shown a salt marsh with palm trees between two lava fields"—the two ḥarrahs—"and were al-Sarāh a land of palms and salt marshes, I would say it is the very one." Then he remained for some days, then came out to his companions rejoicing and said: "I have been informed of the abode of your emigration, and it is Yathrib. Whoever wishes to leave, let him leave for it." The people began making preparations, forming traveling companionships, supporting one another, departing, and concealing that. The first of the companions of the Messenger ﷺ to arrive in Madinah was Abū Salamah b. ʿAbd al-Asad—with unpointed sīn and dāl. Ibn Isḥāq said: "He emigrated to Madinah one year before the Pledge of al-ʿAqabah. His wife Umm Salamah, Hind bt. Abī Umayyah b. al-Mughīrah, was detained from him in Makkah for about a year; then the Banū al-Mughīrah who had detained her granted her permission to join her husband. She set out alone as an emigrant, and when she was at al-Tanʿīm she met ʿUthmān b. Ṭalḥah [b. Abī Ṭalḥah], brother of the Banū ʿAbd al-Dār, who was that day a polytheist and later embraced Islam. He escorted her until, when he overlooked the village of Banū ʿAmr b. ʿAwf at Qubāʾ, he said to her: 'Your husband is in this village.' Then he turned back to Makkah. She used to say: 'I have never seen a companion more noble than ʿUthmān b. Ṭalḥah. When he reached a stopping place he would make my camel kneel, then withdraw from me until I dismounted; then he would take my camel aside, unload it, and hobble it to a tree. Then he would go to a tree and lie down beneath it. When the time of departure drew near, he would rise to my camel, bring it forward, and saddle it; then he would withdraw from me and say, "Mount." When I mounted and settled on my camel, he would come and take its halter and lead me, [and he continued doing that for me until he brought me to Madinah].' It was also said: The first of the emigrants was Muṣʿab b. ʿUmayr. Al-Bukhārī narrated in his Ṣaḥīḥ, and al-Ḥākim in al-Iklīl, from al-Barāʾ b. ʿĀzib, who said: "The first of the emigrants to come to us in Madinah was Muṣʿab b. ʿUmayr." Ibn Isḥāq and Ibn Saʿd narrated: "Then the first of the emigrants to arrive after Abū Salamah was: ʿĀmir b. Rabīʿah [ally of the Banū ʿAdī b. Kaʿb], with his wife Laylā bt. Abī Ḥathmah—with unpointed ḥāʾ with fatḥah and unvowelled thāʾ with three dots—they said: 'She was the first woman in a howdah to arrive in Madinah.' Ibn Isḥāq said: "Then ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh departed with his family and his brother Abū Aḥmad ʿAbd b. Jaḥsh—with ʿAbd annexed to Ibn Jaḥsh. Abū Aḥmad was a man blind of sight, and he used to circumambulate Makkah, its upper and lower parts, without a guide. He was a poet. He was married to al-Fāriʿah bt. Abī Sufyān b. Ḥarb. All the Banū Jaḥsh emigrated with their women, and Abū Sufyān seized their house and took possession of it. Some said: He sold it to ʿAmr b. ʿAlqamah, brother of the Banū ʿĀmir b. Luʾayy. ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh mentioned that to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: "Would you not be pleased, O ʿAbd Allāh, that Allah should give you in exchange for it a house in Paradise better than it?" He said: "Indeed." He said: "That is yours." When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ conquered Makkah, Abū Aḥmad spoke to him about their house, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ delayed in responding. People said to Abū Aḥmad: "O Abū Aḥmad, the Messenger of Allah dislikes that you should seek the return of anything taken from you for the sake of Allah." So he withheld speech from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Ibn Isḥāq said: The Banū Ghanm b. Dūdān were people of Islam; they had gone completely to Madinah with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, emigrating with their men and women: [ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh, his brother Abū Aḥmad b. Jaḥsh, ʿUkkāshah b. Miḥṣan, Shujāʿ and ʿUqbah, the two sons of Wahb, and Arbad b. Ḥumayr]. The emigration of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ Ibn al-Sammān narrated in al-Muwāfaqah from ʿAlī ؓ, who said: I do not know of any of the emigrants who emigrated except secretly, except ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb. For when he resolved to emigrate, he girded on his sword, slung his bow over his shoulder, took arrows in his hand, grasped his spear, and went toward the Kaʿbah, where the notables of Quraysh were in its courtyard. He circumambulated the House seven times [at ease], then came to the Maqām and prayed two rakʿahs, then stood before the assemblies one by one and said to them: "May the faces be ugly! May Allah not rub noses except these noses. Whoever wishes his mother to be bereaved, his child orphaned, or his wife widowed, let him meet me beyond this valley." ʿAlī ؓ said: No one followed him except a group of the weak whom he taught and guided, then he went on his way. Ibn Isḥāq narrated: Nāfiʿ, client of ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar, narrated to me from ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar, from his father ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ, who said: When we intended to emigrate to Madinah, I, ʿAyyāsh b. Abī Rabīʿah, and Hishām b. al-ʿĀṣ [b. Wāʾil] al-Sahmī made an appointment at al-Tanāḍub, from the pools of Banū Ghifār above Saraf, and we said: "Whoever of us does not arrive there by morning has been detained, and his two companions should go on." He said: I and ʿAyyāsh b. Abī Rabīʿah arrived at al-Tanāḍub by morning, while Hishām's people became aware of him and detained him from emigrating, and he was tempted and fell into temptation. Then Abū Jahl and al-Ḥārith b. Hishām—who later embraced Islam—went out until they came to Madinah, while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was still in Makkah. They said to ʿAyyāsh b. Abī Rabīʿah, who was their paternal cousin and their maternal brother: "Your mother has vowed that no comb shall touch her head until she sees you, and that she will not seek shade from the sun until she sees you." He felt compassion for her. I said to him: "O ʿAyyāsh, by Allah, the people intend only to tempt you away from your religion, so beware of them. By Allah, if lice harmed your mother, she would comb her hair, and if the heat of Makkah became intense upon her, she would seek shade." He said: "I will fulfill my mother's oath, and I have property there that I will take." I said: "By Allah, you know that I am among the wealthiest of Quraysh; you may have half of my wealth, so do not go with them." But he insisted on going with them. When he insisted, I said: "Since you have done what you have done, take this camel of mine, for it is a noble, docile camel; stay on its back, and if you suspect any treachery from the people, escape on it." So he departed on it with them, until when they were partway, Abū Jahl said to him: "By Allah, my brother, this camel of mine has become rough; will you not let me ride behind you on this camel of yours?" He said: "Yes." He said: So he made his camel kneel, and they made theirs kneel so that he could mount it. When they were all on the ground, they pounced upon him, bound him tightly, and tempted him until he fell into temptation. They entered Makkah with him in broad daylight, bound. Then they said: "O people of Makkah, thus do to your foolish ones as we have done to this foolish one of ours." ʿUmar said: We used to say: "Allah, Exalted is He, will not accept from those who fell into temptation any ransom, justice, or repentance; people who knew Allah and then returned to disbelief because of an affliction that befell them." He said: They used to say that about themselves. When the Prophet ﷺ came to Madinah, Allah, Exalted is He, revealed concerning them, and concerning our saying and their saying about themselves: "Say, O My servants who have transgressed against themselves, do not despair of the mercy of Allah. Indeed, Allah forgives all sins. Indeed, it is He who is the Forgiving, the Merciful. And turn in repentance to your Lord and submit to Him before the punishment comes upon you; then you will not be helped. And follow the best of what has been revealed to you from your Lord before the punishment comes upon you suddenly while you do not perceive" [al-Zumar: 53, 54, 55]. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ said: I wrote it with my own hand in a sheet and sent it to Hishām b. al-ʿĀṣī. He said: Hishām said: When it came to me, I began reading it at Dhū Ṭuwā, going up with it and down, and I did not understand it, until I said: "O Allah, make me understand it." He said: Then Allah, Exalted is He, cast into my heart that it was revealed concerning us and concerning what we used to say about ourselves. He said: So I returned to my camel, mounted it, and caught up with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. This is what Ibn Isḥāq mentioned concerning Hishām. Ibn Hishām said: Someone I trust narrated to me that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said while he was in Madinah: "Who will bring me ʿAyyāsh b. Abī Rabīʿah and Hishām b. al-ʿĀṣī?" Al-Walīd b. al-Walīd b. al-Mughīrah said: "I will bring them to you, O Messenger of Allah." He set out for Makkah and entered it secretly. He met a woman carrying food and said to her: "Where are you heading, O servant of Allah?" She said: "I am heading to these two prisoners," meaning them. He followed her until he learned their location. They were imprisoned in a house with no roof. When evening came, he climbed over to them, then took a flint stone and placed it under their shackles, then struck them with his sword and cut them. His sword was therefore called Dhū al-Marwah (Possessor of the Flint Stone). Then he carried them on his camel and drove them along. He stumbled, and his finger bled, and he said: Are you anything but a finger that has bled? And in the path of Allah what you have met. Then he brought them to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Then the emigrants followed in successive groups. Ṭalḥah b. ʿUbayd Allāh and Suhayb b. Sinān alighted with Khubayb—with ḍammah on the unpointed khāʾ and fatḥah on the unpointed bāʾ—b. Isāf—with kasrah on the hamzah—at al-Sunḥ. It is also said: Ṭalḥah b. ʿUbayd Allāh alighted with Asʿad b. Zurārah. The emigration of Suhayb b. Sinān ؓ Ibn Saʿd narrated from Saʿīd b. al-Musayyab that when Suhayb intended to emigrate, the disbelievers of Quraysh said to him: "You came to us as a lowly pauper, and your wealth increased among us, and you attained what you attained, and now you want to leave with your wealth and your self? By Allah, that will not happen." Suhayb said to them: "Tell me, if I give you my wealth, will you let me go?" They said: "Yes." He said: "Then I give you my wealth." He said: That reached the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he said: "Suhayb has profited, Suhayb has profited." Ibn Saʿd said: When the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came in successive groups, they alighted among the Anṣār in their homes, and they sheltered them, helped them, and consoled them. Sālim, client of Abū Ḥudhayfah, used to lead the emigrants in prayer at Qubāʾ before the Prophet ﷺ arrived. Ibn Saʿd said: A number of the Anṣār had pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at the second ʿAqabah, then returned to Madinah. When the first emigrants arrived at Qubāʾ, they went out to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Makkah, until they arrived with his companions in the emigration. Thus they were emigrants and Anṣār. They were: Dhakwān b. ʿAbd Qays [b. Khaladah al-Zuraqī], ʿUqbah b. Wahb b. Kaladah, al-ʿAbbās [b. ʿUbādah] b. Naḍlah, and Ziyād b. Labīd [b. Thaʿlabah al-Khazrajī al-Bayāḍī].
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