Tarikh (al-Tabari) 836
The first pledge of al-Aqabah and the beginning of the Ansar's entry into Islam
أَوَّلُ جُمُعَةٍ أَقِيمَتْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ [ أَسْعَدُ بْنُ زُرَارَةَ وَإِقَامَةُ أَوَّلِ جُمُعَةٍ بِالْمَدِينَةِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ: كُنْتُ قَائِدَ أَبِي، كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، حِينَ ذَهَبَ بَصَرُهُ، فَكُنْتُ إذَا خَرَجْتُ بِهِ إلَى الْجُمُعَةِ، فَسَمِعَ الْأَذَانَ بِهَا صَلَّى عَلَى أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، أَسْعَدَ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ. قَالَ: فَمَكَثَ حِينًا عَلَى ذَلِكَ: لَا يَسْمَعُ الْأَذَانَ لِلْجُمُعَةِ إلَّا صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ وَاسْتَغْفَرَ لَهُ. قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ فِي نَفْسِي: وَاَللَّهِ إنَّ هَذَا بِي لَعَجْزٌ، أَلَّا أَسْأَلَهُ مَا لَهُ إذَا سَمِعَ الْأَذَانَ لِلْجُمُعَةِ صَلَّى عَلَى أَبِي أُمَامَةَ أَسْعَدَ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ ؟ قَالَ: فَخَرَجْتُ بِهِ فِي يَوْمِ جُمُعَةٍ كَمَا كُنْتُ أَخْرُجُ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ الْأَذَانَ لِلْجُمُعَةِ صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ وَاسْتَغْفَرَ لَهُ. قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا أَبَتِ، مَا لَكَ إذَا سَمِعْتَ الْأَذَانَ لِلْجُمُعَةِ صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى أَبِي أُمَامَةَ ؟ قَالَ: فَقَالَ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ، كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ جَمَّعَ بِنَا بِالْمَدِينَةِ فِي هَزْمِ النَّبِيتِ، مِنْ حَرَّةِ بَنِي بَيَاضَةَ، يُقَالُ لَهُ: نَقِيعُ الْخَضَمَاتِ، قَالَ قُلْتُ: وَكَمْ أَنْتُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ ؟ قَالَ: أَرْبَعُونَ رَجُلًا. [ أَسْعَدُ بْنُ زُرَارَةَ وَمُصْعَبُ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ وَإِسْلَامُ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ وَأُسَيْدِ بْنِ حُضَيْرٍ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ مُعَيْقِبٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ: أَنَّ أَسْعَدَ بْنَ زُرَارَةَ خَرَجَ بِمُصْعَبِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ يُرِيدُ بِهِ دَارَ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْأَشْهَلِ، وَدَارَ بَنِي ظَفَرٍ، وَكَانَ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذِ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ امْرِئِ الْقَيْسِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْأَشْهَلِ بْنَ خَالَةِ أَسْعَدَ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ، فَدَخَلَ بِهِ حَائِطًا مِنْ حَوَائِطِ بَنِي ظَفَرٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَاسْمُ ظَفَرٍ: كَعْبُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْخَزْرَجِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ الْأَوْسِ - قَالَا: عَلَى بِئْرٍ يُقَالُ لَهَا: بِئْرُ مَرَقٍ فَجَلَسَا فِي الْحَائِطِ، وَاجْتَمَعَ إلَيْهِمَا رِجَالٌ مِمَّنْ أَسْلَمَ، وَسَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، وَأُسَيْدُ بْنُ حُضَيْرٍ، يَوْمَئِذٍ سَيِّدَا قَوْمِهِمَا مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْأَشْهَلِ، وَكِلَاهُمَا مُشْرِكٌ عَلَى دِينِ قَوْمِهِ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعَا بِهِ قَالَ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ لِأُسَيْدِ بْنِ حُضَيْرٍ: لَا أَبَا لَكَ، انْطَلِقْ إلَى هَذَيْنِ الرَّجُلَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ قَدْ أَتَيَا دَارَيْنَا لِيُسَفِّهَا ضُعَفَاءَنَا، فَازْجُرْهُمَا وَانْهَهُمَا عَنْ أَنْ يَأْتِيَا دَارَيْنَا، فَإِنَّهُ لَوْلَا أَنَّ أَسْعَدَ بْنَ زُرَارَةَ مِنِّي حَيْثُ قَدْ عَلِمْتُ كَفَيْتُكَ ذَلِكَ، هُوَ ابْنُ خَالَتِي، وَلَا أَجِدُ عَلَيْهِ مُقَدَّمًا، قَالَ: فَأَخَذَ أُسَيْدُ بْنُ حُضَيْرٍ حَرْبَتَهُ. ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ إلَيْهِمَا، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ أَسْعَدُ بْنُ زُرَارَةَ، قَالَ لِمُصْعَبِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ: هَذَا سَيِّدُ قَوْمِهِ قَدْ جَاءَكَ، فَاصْدُقْ اللَّهَ فِيهِ، قَالَ مُصْعَبٌ: إنْ يَجْلِسْ أُكَلِّمْهُ. قَالَ: فَوَقَفَ عَلَيْهِمَا. مُتَشَتِّمًا، فَقَالَ: مَا جَاءَ بِكُمَا إلَيْنَا تُسَفِّهَانِ ضُعَفَاءَنَا ؟ اعْتَزِلَانَا إنْ كَانَتْ لَكُمَا بِأَنْفُسِكُمَا حَاجَةٌ، فَقَالَ لَهُ مُصْعَبٌ: أَوَتَجْلِسُ فَتَسْمَعَ، فَإِنْ رَضِيتَ أَمْرًا قَبِلْتَهُ، وَإِنْ كَرِهْتَهُ كُفَّ عَنْكَ مَا تَكْرَهُ قَالَ: أَنْصَفْتَ، ثُمَّ رَكَزَ حَرْبَتَهُ وَجَلَسَ إلَيْهِمَا، فَكَلَّمَهُ مُصْعَبٌ بِالْإِسْلَامِ، وَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ الْقُرْآنَ، فَقَالَا: فِيمَا يُذْكَرُ عَنْهُمَا: وَاَللَّهِ لَعَرَفْنَا فِي وَجْهِهِ الْإِسْلَامَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ فِي إشْرَاقِهِ وَتَسَهُّلِهِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: مَا أَحْسَنَ هَذَا الْكَلَامَ وَأَجْمَلَهُ كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُونَ إذَا أَرَدْتُمْ أَنْ تَدْخُلُوا فِي هَذَا الدِّينِ ؟ قَالَا لَهُ: تَغْتَسِلُ فَتَطَّهَّرُ وَتُطَهِّرُ ثَوْبَيْكَ، ثُمَّ تَشْهَدُ شَهَادَةَ الْحَقِّ، ثُمَّ تُصَلِّي. فَقَامَ فَاغْتَسَلَ وَطَهَّرَ ثَوْبَيْهِ، وَتَشَهَّدَ شَهَادَةَ الْحَقِّ، ثُمَّ قَامَ فَرَكَعَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمَا: إنَّ وَرَائِي رَجُلًا إنْ اتَّبَعَكُمَا لَمْ يَتَخَلَّفْ عَنْهُ أَحَدٌ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، وَسَأُرْسِلُهُ إلَيْكُمَا الْآنَ، سَعْدَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ حَرْبَتَهُ وَانْصَرَفَ إلَى سَعْدٍ وَقَوْمِهِ وَهُمْ جُلُوسٌ فِي نَادِيهِمْ فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ إلَيْهِ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ مُقْبِلًا، قَالَ: أَحْلِفُ بِاَللَّهِ لَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ أُسَيْدٌ بِغَيْرِ الْوَجْهِ الَّذِي ذَهَبَ بِهِ مِنْ عِنْدِكُمْ، فَلَمَّا وَقَفَ عَلَى النَّادِي قَالَ لَهُ سَعْدٌ: مَا فَعَلْتَ ؟ قَالَ: كَلَّمْتُ الرَّجُلَيْنِ، فَوَاَللَّهِ مَا رَأَيْتُ بِهِمَا بَأْسًا، وَقَدْ نَهَيْتُهُمَا، فَقَالَا: نَفْعَلُ مَا أَحْبَبْتَ، وَقَدْ حُدِّثْتُ أَنَّ بَنِي حَارِثَةَ قَدْ خَرَجُوا إلَى أَسْعَدَ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ لِيَقْتُلُوهُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ عَرَفُوا أَنَّهُ ابْنُ خَالَتِكَ، لِيُخْفِرُوكَ قَالَ: فَقَامَ سَعْدٌ مُغْضَبًا مُبَادِرًا، تَخَوُّفًا لِلَّذِي ذُكِرَ لَهُ مِنْ بَنِي حَارِثَةَ، فَأَخَذَ الْحَرْبَةَ مِنْ يَدِهِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَاَللَّهِ مَا أَرَاكَ أَغْنَيْتَ شَيْئًا، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إلَيْهِمَا، فَلَمَّا رَآهُمَا سَعْدٌ مُطْمَئِنَّيْنِ، عَرَفَ سَعْدٌ أَنَّ أُسَيْدًا إنَّمَا أَرَادَ مِنْهُ أَنْ يَسْمَعَ مِنْهُمَا، فَوَقَفَ عَلَيْهِمَا مُتَشَتِّمًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِأَسْعَدَ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ: يَا أَبَا أُمَامَةَ، ( أَمَا وَاَللَّهِ ) لَوْلَا مَا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ مِنْ الْقَرَابَةِ مَا رُمْتَ هَذَا مِنِّي، أَتَغْشَانَا فِي دَارَيْنَا بِمَا نَكْرَهُ - وَقَدْ قَالَ أَسْعَدُ بْنُ زُرَارَةَ لِمُصْعَبِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ: أَيْ مُصْعَبُ، جَاءَكَ وَاَللَّهِ سَيِّدُ مَنْ وَرَاءَهُ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، إنْ يَتَّبِعْكَ لَا يَتَخَلَّفُ عَنْكَ مِنْهُمْ اثْنَانِ - قَالَ: فَقَالَ لَهُ مُصْعَبٌ: أَوَتَقْعُدُ فَتَسْمَعَ، فَإِنْ رَضِيتَ أَمْرًا وَرَغِبْتَ فِيهِ قَبِلْتَهُ، وَإِنْ كَرِهْتَهُ عَزَلْنَا عَنْكَ مَا تَكْرَهُ ؟ قَالَ سَعْدٌ: أَنْصَفْتَ. ثُمَّ رَكَزَ الْحَرْبَةَ وَجَلَسَ، فَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ الْإِسْلَامَ، وَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ الْقُرْآنَ، قَالَا: فَعَرَفْنَا وَاَللَّهِ فِي وَجْهِهِ الْإِسْلَامَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ، لِإِشْرَاقِهِ وَتَسَهُّلِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمَا: كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُونَ إذَا أَنْتُمْ أَسْلَمْتُمْ وَدَخَلْتُمْ فِي هَذَا الدِّينِ ؟ قَالَا: تَغْتَسِلُ فَتَطَّهَّرُ وَتُطَهِّرُ ثَوْبَيْكَ، ثُمَّ تَشْهَدُ شَهَادَةَ الْحَقِّ، ثُمَّ تُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ، قَالَ: فَقَامَ فَاغْتَسَلَ وَطَهَّرَ ثَوْبَيْهِ، وَتَشَهَّدَ شَهَادَةَ الْحَقِّ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ حَرْبَتَهُ، فَأَقْبَلَ عَامِدًا إلَى نَادِي قَوْمِهِ وَمَعَهُ أُسَيْدُ بْنُ حُضَيْرٍ. قَالَ: فَلَمَّا رَآهُ قَوْمُهُ مُقْبِلًا، قَالُوا: نَحْلِفُ بِاَللَّهِ لَقَدْ رَجَعَ إلَيْكُمْ سَعْدٌ بِغَيْرِ الْوَجْهِ الَّذِي ذَهَبَ بِهِ مِنْ عِنْدِكُمْ، فَلَمَّا وَقَفَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَالَ: يَا بَنِي عَبْدِ الْأَشْهَلِ، كَيْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ أَمْرِي فِيكُمْ ؟ قَالُوا: سَيِّدُنَا ( وَأَوْصَلُنَا ) وَأَفْضَلُنَا رَأْيًا، وَأَيْمَنُنَا نَقِيبَةً، قَالَ: فَإِنَّ كَلَامَ رِجَالِكُمْ وَنِسَائِكُمْ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ حَتَّى تُؤْمِنُوا بِاَللَّهِ وَبِرَسُولِهِ قَالَا: فَوَاَللَّهِ مَا أَمْسَى فِي دَارِ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْأَشْهَلِ رَجُلٌ وَلَا امْرَأَةٌ إلَّا مُسْلِمًا وَمُسْلِمَةً. وَرَجَعَ أَسْعَدُ وَمُصْعَبٌ إلَى مَنْزِلِ أَسْعَدَ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ، فَأَقَامَ عِنْدَهُ يَدْعُو النَّاسَ إلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، حَتَّى لَمْ تَبْقَ دَارٌ مِنْ دُورِ الْأَنْصَارِ إلَّا وَفِيهَا رِجَالٌ وَنِسَاءٌ مُسْلِمُونَ، إلَّا مَا كَانَ مِنْ دَارِ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَخَطْمَةَ وَوَائِلٍ وَوَاقِفٍ، وَتِلْكَ أَوْسُ اللَّهِ، وَهُمْ مِنْ الْأَوْسِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِيهِمْ أَبُو قَيْسِ بْنُ الْأَسْلَتِ، وَهُوَ صَيْفِيٌّ، وَكَانَ شَاعِرًا لَهُمْ قَائِدًا يَسْتَمِعُونَ مِنْهُ وَيُطِيعُونَهُ، فَوَقَفَ بِهِمْ عَنْ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ حَتَّى هَاجَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَمَضَى بَدْرٌ وَأُحُدٌ وَالْخَنْدَقُ، وَقَالَ فِيمَا رَأَى مِنْ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَمَا اخْتَلَفَ النَّاسُ فِيهِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ: : أَرَبَّ النَّاسِ أَشْيَاءُ أَلَمَّتْ يُلَفُّ الصَّعْبُ مِنْهَا بِالذَّلُولِ أَرَبَّ النَّاسِ أَمَّا إذْ ضَلِلْنَا فَيَسِّرْنَا لِمَعْرُوفِ السَّبِيلِ فَلَوْلَا رَبُّنَا كُنَّا يَهُودًا وَمَا دِينُ الْيَهُودِ بِذِي شُكُولِ وَلَوْلَا رَبُّنَا كُنَّا نَصَارَى مَعَ الرُّهْبَانِ فِي جَبَلِ الْجَلِيلِ وَلَكِنَّا خُلِقْنَا إذْ خُلِقْنَا حَنِيفًا دِينُنَا عَنْ كُلِّ جِيلِ نَسُوقُ الْهَدْيَ تَرْسُفُ مُذْعِنَاتٍ مُكَشِّفَةَ الْمَنَاكِبِ فِي الْجُلُولِ قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ. أَنْشَدَنِي قَوْلَهُ: فَلَوْلَا رَبُّنَا، وَقَوْلَهُ: لَوْلَا رَبُّنَا، وَقَوْلَهُ: مُكَشِّفَةَ الْمَنَاكِبِ فِي الْجُلُولِ، رَجُلٌ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ، أَوْ مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ. وكَانَ الَّذِي ثَبَّطَهُ -أبا قيس- عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ أَوَّلًا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ ابْنِ سَلُولَ، بَعْدَمَا أَخْبَرَهُ أَبُو قَيْسٍ أَنَّهُ الَّذِي بَشَّرَ بِهِ يَهُودُ، فَمَنَعَهُ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَلَمْ يُسْلِمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْفَتْحِ هُوَ وَأَخُوهُ وَحْوَحٌ. وَأَنْكَرَ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَبُو قَيْسٍ أَسْلَمَ. وَكَذَا الْوَاقِدِيُّ، قَالَ: كَانَ عَزَمَ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ أَوَّلَ مَا دَعَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَامَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ، فَحَلَفَ لَا يُسْلِمُ إِلَى حَوْلٍ، فَمَاتَ فِي ذِي الْقِعْدَةِ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ غَيْرُهُ، فِيمَا حَكَاهُ ابْنُ الْأَثِيرِ فِي كِتَابِهِ " أُسْدِ الْغَابَةِ " أَنَّهُ لَمَّا حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ دَعَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَسُمِعَ يَقُولُ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: حَدَّثَنَا حَسَنُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَادَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، فَقَالَ: " يَا خَالِ، قُلْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ ". فَقَالَ: أَخَالٌ أَمْ عَمٌّ ؟ قَالَ: " بَلْ خَالٌ ". قَالَ: فَخَيْرٌ لِي أَنْ أَقُولَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ " نَعَمْ ". تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ أَحْمَدُ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ، وَذَكَرَ عِكْرِمَةُ وَغَيْرُهُ، أَنَّهُ لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ أَرَادَ ابْنَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَتَهُ كُبَيْشَةَ بِنْتَ مَعْنِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ، فَسَأَلَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا مَا نَكَحَ آبَاؤُكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ [ النِّسَاءِ: 22 ] الْآيَةَ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْأُمَوِيُّ فِي " مَغَازِيهِ ": كَانَ أَبُو قَيْسٍ هَذَا قَدْ تَرَهَّبَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَلَبِسَ الْمُسُوحَ، وَفَارَقَ الْأَوْثَانَ، وَاغْتَسَلَ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ، وَتَطَهَّرَ مِنَ الْحَائِضِ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ وَهَمَّ بِالنَّصْرَانِيَّةِ، ثُمَّ أَمْسَكَ عَنْهَا، وَدَخَلَ بَيْتًا لَهُ فَاتَّخَذَهُ مَسْجِدًا، لَا يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ حَائِضٌ وَلَا جُنُبٌ، وَقَالَ: أَعْبُدُ إِلَهَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حِينَ فَارَقَ الْأَوْثَانَ وَكَرِهَهَا، حَتَّى قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ فَأَسْلَمَ فَحَسُنَ إِسْلَامُهُ، وَهُوَ شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ، وَكَانَ قَوَّالًا بِالْحَقِّ، مُعَظِّمًا لِلَّهِ فِي جَاهِلِيَّتِهِ، يَقُولُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَشْعَارًا حِسَانًا، وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَقُولُ: يَقُولُ أَبُو قَيْسٍ وَأَصْبَحَ غَادِيًا أَلَا مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ وَصَاتِيَ فَافْعَلُوا فَأُوصِيكُمْ بِاللَّهِ وَالْبِرِّ وَالتُّقَى وَأَعْرَاضِكُمْ وَالْبِرُّ بِاللَّهِ أَوَّلُ وَإِنْ قَوْمُكُمْ سَادُوا فَلَا تَحْسُدُنَّهُمْ وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ أَهْلَ الرِّئَاسَةِ فَاعْدِلُوا وَإِنْ نَزَلَتْ إِحْدَى الدَّوَاهِي بِقَوْمِكُمْ فَأَنْفُسَكُمْ دُونَ الْعَشِيرَةِ فَاجْعَلُوا وَإِنْ نَابَ غُرْمٌ فَادِحٌ فَارْفُقُوهُمُ وَمَا حَمَّلُوكُمْ فِي الْمُلِمَّاتِ فَاحْمِلُوا وَإِنْ أَنْتُمْ أَمْعَرْتُمُ فَتَعَفَّفُوا وَإِنْ كَانَ فَضْلُ الْخَيْرِ فِيكُمْ فَأَفْضِلُوا وَقَالَ أَبُو قَيْسٍ أَيْضًا: سَبِّحُوا اللَّهَ شَرْقَ كُلِّ صَبَاحٍ طَلَعَتْ شَمْسُهُ وَكُلَّ هِلَالِ عَالِمَ السِّرِّ وَالْبَيَانِ جَمِيعًا لَيْسَ مَا قَالَ رَبُّنَا بِضَلَالِ وَلَهُ الطَّيْرُ تَسْتَرِيدُ وَتَأْوِي فِي وُكُورٍ مِنْ آمِنَاتِ الْجِبَالِ وَلَهُ الْوَحْشُ بِالْفَلَاةِ تَرَاهَا فِي حِقَافٍ وَفِي ظِلَالِ الرِّمَالِ وَلَهُ هَوَّدَتْ يَهُودُ وَدَانَتْ كُلَّ دِينٍ مَخَافَةً مِنْ عُضَالِ وَلَهُ شَمَّسَ النَّصَارَى وَقَامُوا كُلَّ عِيدٍ لِرَبِّهِمْ وَاحْتِفَالِ وَلَهُ الرَّاهِبُ الْحَبِيسُ تَرَاهُ رَهْنَ بُؤْسٍ وَكَانَ نَاعِمَ بَالِ يَا بَنِيَّ الْأَرْحَامَ لَا تَقْطَعُوهَا وَصِلُوهَا قَصِيرَةً مِنْ طِوَالِ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ فِي ضِعَافِ الْيَتَامَى وَبِمَا يُسْتَحَلُّ غَيْرُ الْحَلَالِ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ لِلْيَتِيمِ وَلِيًّا عَالِمًا يَهْتَدِي بِغَيْرِ سُؤَالِ ثُمَّ مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ لَا تَأْكُلُوهُ إِنَّ مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ يَرْعَاهُ وَالِي يَا بَنِيَّ التُّخُومَ لَا تَجْزِلُوهَا إِنَّ جَزْلَ التُّخُومِ ذُو عُقَّالِ يَا بَنِيَّ الْأَيَّامَ لَا تَأْمَنُوهَا وَاحْذَرُوا مَكْرَهَا وَمَرَّ اللَّيَالِي وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ مَرَّهَا لِنَفَادِ الْ خَلْقِ مَا كَانَ مِنْ جَدِيدٍ وَبَالِي وَاجْمَعُوا أَمْرَكُمْ عَلَى الْبِرِّ وَالْتَّقْ وَى وَتَرْكِ الْخَنَا وَأَخْذِ الْحَلَالِ
Translation
✧ The first Friday prayer established in Madinah [Asʿad b. Zurārah and the establishment of the first Friday prayer in Madinah] Ibn Isḥāq said: Muḥammad b. Abī Umāmah b. Sahl b. Ḥunayf narrated to me, from his father Abū Umāmah, from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Kaʿb b. Mālik, who said: I was the guide of my father, Kaʿb b. Mālik, when he lost his sight. Whenever I took him out for the Friday prayer and he heard its call to prayer, he would invoke blessings upon Abū Umāmah, Asʿad b. Zurārah. He remained like that for a while: he would not hear the call to prayer for Friday without invoking blessings upon him and asking forgiveness for him. He said: I said to myself: By God, this is a shortcoming on my part, that I should not ask him why, when he heard the call to prayer for Friday, he invoked blessings upon Abū Umāmah, Asʿad b. Zurārah. He said: I took him out on a Friday as I used to take him out, and when he heard the call to prayer for Friday, he invoked blessings upon him and asked forgiveness for him. He said: I said to him: O my father, why is it that when you hear the call to prayer for Friday, you invoke blessings upon Abū Umāmah? He said: He then said: O my son, he was the first to lead us in the Friday prayer in Madinah at Hazm al-Nabīt, in the ḥarrah of Banū Bayāḍah, at a place called Naqīʿ al-Khaḍamāt. He said: I said: How many were you that day? He said: Forty men. [Asʿad b. Zurārah, Muṣʿab b. ʿUmayr, and the conversion of Saʿd b. Muʿādh and Usayd b. Ḥuḍayr] Ibn Isḥāq said: ʿUbayd Allāh b. al-Mughīrah b. Muʿayqib and ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Bakr b. Muḥammad b. ʿAmr b. Ḥazm narrated to me that Asʿad b. Zurārah went out with Muṣʿab b. ʿUmayr, intending to take him to the quarter of Banū ʿAbd al-Ashhal and the quarter of Banū Ẓafar. Saʿd b. Muʿādh b. al-Nuʿmān b. Imriʾ al-Qays b. Zayd b. ʿAbd al-Ashhal was the maternal cousin of Asʿad b. Zurārah. He entered with him a walled garden among the gardens of Banū Ẓafar. Ibn Hishām said: The name of Ẓafar was Kaʿb b. al-Ḥārith b. al-Khazraj b. ʿAmr b. Mālik b. al-Aws. They both said: At a well called Biʾr Maraq, they sat in the garden, and some men who had accepted Islam gathered around them, while Saʿd b. Muʿādh and Usayd b. Ḥuḍayr were that day the chiefs of their people from Banū ʿAbd al-Ashhal, and both were polytheists following the religion of their people. When they heard about them, Saʿd b. Muʿādh said to Usayd b. Ḥuḍayr: May you have no father, go to these two men who have come to our quarter to make fools of our weak ones. Rebuke them and forbid them from coming to our quarter. Had it not been that Asʿad b. Zurārah is related to me as you know, I would have spared you this. He is my maternal cousin, and I find no way to confront him. He said: Usayd b. Ḥuḍayr took his spear. Then he approached them. When Asʿad b. Zurārah saw him, he said to Muṣʿab b. ʿUmayr: This is the chief of his people who has come to you, so be truthful to God concerning him. Muṣʿab said: If he sits, I will speak with him. He said: He stood over them, reviling them, and said: What has brought you two to us, making fools of our weak ones? Leave us if you have any need for your own safety. Muṣʿab said to him: Will you sit and listen? If you approve of something, you may accept it, and if you dislike it, we will keep away from you what you dislike. He said: You have been fair. Then he planted his spear and sat with them. Muṣʿab spoke to him about Islam and recited the Qurʾān to him. They both said: As is reported of them: By God, we recognized Islam in his face before he spoke, in its radiance and ease. Then he said: How excellent this speech is and how beautiful. How do you proceed when you want to enter this religion? They both said to him: You bathe and purify yourself and purify your two garments, then you bear witness to the testimony of truth, then you pray. He stood, bathed, purified his two garments, bore witness to the testimony of truth, then stood and bowed two rakʿahs. Then he said to them: Behind me there is a man; if he follows you, none of his people will hold back from him. I will send him to you now, Saʿd b. Muʿādh. Then he took his spear and returned to Saʿd and his people, while they were sitting in their assembly. When Saʿd b. Muʿādh saw him coming, he said: I swear by God, Usayd has come back to you with a different face than the one he left you with. When he stood before the assembly, Saʿd said to him: What did you do? He said: I spoke with the two men, and by God, I saw nothing wrong in them. I forbade them, and they said: We will do as you like. I have been told that Banū Ḥārithah have gone out to Asʿad b. Zurārah to kill him, because they know he is your maternal cousin, to dishonor you. He said: Saʿd rose in anger, hurrying out of fear of what was mentioned to him about Banū Ḥārithah, and took the spear from his hand. Then he said: By God, I do not see that you accomplished anything. Then he went out to them. When Saʿd saw them at ease, he realized that Usayd only wanted him to hear from them. He stood over them, reviling them, and said to Asʿad b. Zurārah: O Abū Umāmah, by God, were it not for the kinship between me and you, you would not have sought this from me. Do you come upon us in our quarter with what we dislike? Asʿad b. Zurārah had said to Muṣʿab b. ʿUmayr: O Muṣʿab, by God, the chief of those behind him of his people has come to you. If he follows you, not two of them will hold back from you. He said: Muṣʿab said to him: Will you sit and listen? If you approve of something and desire it, you may accept it, and if you dislike it, we will remove from you what you dislike. Saʿd said: You have been fair. Then he planted his spear and sat. He presented Islam to him and recited the Qurʾān to him. They both said: By God, we recognized Islam in his face before he spoke, because of its radiance and ease. Then he said to them: How do you proceed when you accept Islam and enter this religion? They both said: You bathe and purify yourself and purify your two garments, then you bear witness to the testimony of truth, then you pray two rakʿahs. He said: He stood, bathed, purified his two garments, bore witness to the testimony of truth, then bowed two rakʿahs. Then he took his spear and returned, heading to the assembly of his people, with Usayd b. Ḥuḍayr with him. He said: When his people saw him coming, they said: We swear by God, Saʿd has returned to you with a different face than the one he left you with. When he stood before them, he said: O Banū ʿAbd al-Ashhal, how do you regard my standing among you? They said: You are our chief, the best connected among us, the most excellent in judgment, and the most blessed in character. He said: Then the speech of your men and your women is forbidden to me until you believe in God and His Messenger. They both said: By God, by evening there remained in the quarter of Banū ʿAbd al-Ashhal neither man nor woman except a Muslim man and a Muslim woman. Asʿad and Muṣʿab returned to the house of Asʿad b. Zurārah, and he stayed with him, calling people to Islam, until there remained no quarter among the quarters of the Anṣār except that it contained Muslim men and women, except for the quarter of Banū Umayyah b. Zayd, and Khaṭmah, and Wāʾil, and Wāqif—and those are Aws Allāh, and they are from al-Aws b. Ḥārithah. That was because among them was Abū Qays b. al-Aslat, who was Ṣayfī, and he was a poet and leader whom they listened to and obeyed, so he kept them from Islam. He remained like that until the Messenger of God ﷺ emigrated to Madinah, and Badr, Uḥud, and the Khandaq passed. He said, concerning what he saw of Islam and what people differed about regarding his affair: : The people's affair has brought matters that have befallen; the hard of them is joined with the tractable. The people's affair—since we have gone astray, so make easy for us the known path. Were it not for our Lord, we would be Jews, and the religion of the Jews is not of a fitting kind. Were it not for our Lord, we would be Christians, with the monks in the mountain of al-Jalīl. But we were created, when we were created, ḥanīf, our religion from every generation, driving the sacrificial animals, they walk with lowered heads, baring their shoulders in the valleys. Ibn Hishām said: A man from the Anṣār, or from Khuzāʿah, recited to me his saying: 'Were it not for our Lord,' and his saying: 'Were it not for our Lord,' and his saying: 'baring their shoulders in the valleys.' The one who first held him back—Abū Qays—from Islam was ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy b. Salūl, after Abū Qays had informed him that he was the one about whom the Jews had given glad tidings, so he prevented him from Islam. Ibn Isḥāq said: He and his brother Waḥwaḥ did not accept Islam until the day of the conquest. Al-Zubayr b. Bakkār denied that Abū Qays ever accepted Islam. So did al-Wāqidī, who said: He had resolved to accept Islam when the Messenger of God ﷺ first called him, but ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy blamed him, and he swore he would not accept Islam for a year, and he died in Dhū al-Qiʿdah. Others, as related by Ibn al-Athīr in his book Usd al-Ghābah, mentioned that when death approached him, the Prophet ﷺ called him to Islam, and he was heard saying: There is no god but God. Imām Aḥmad said: Ḥasan b. Mūsā narrated to us, Ḥammād b. Salamah narrated to us, from Thābit, from Anas b. Mālik, that the Messenger of God ﷺ visited a man from the Anṣār and said: 'O maternal uncle, say: There is no god but God.' He said: Is it a maternal uncle or a paternal uncle? He said: 'Rather, a maternal uncle.' He said: Is it better for me to say: There is no god but God? The Messenger of God ﷺ said: 'Yes.' Aḥmad alone related this, may God have mercy on him. ʿIkrimah and others mentioned that when he died, his son wanted to marry his wife Kubayshah bt. Maʿn b. ʿĀṣim, and she asked the Messenger of God ﷺ about that, so God revealed: 'And do not marry women whom your fathers married, except what has already passed' [al-Nisāʾ: 22], the verse. Ibn Isḥāq and Saʿīd b. Yaḥyā al-Umawī said in his Maghāzī: This Abū Qays had become a monk in the Jāhiliyyah, wore haircloth, abandoned idols, bathed after janābah, purified himself from menstruating women, and considered Christianity, then refrained from it. He entered a house of his and made it a mosque, into which no menstruating woman or ritually impure person entered upon him. He said: I worship the God of Abraham, when he abandoned idols and disliked them, until the Messenger of God ﷺ came to Madinah, and he accepted Islam, and his Islam was excellent, though he was a very old man. He was a speaker of truth, magnifying God in his Jāhiliyyah, and he composed fine poems about that. He is the one who says: Abū Qays says, and he set out early: Whatever you can of my counsel, then do it. I enjoin you to God, dutifulness, and piety, and to your honors; dutifulness to God comes first. If your people attain leadership, do not envy them; and if you are people of authority, then act justly. If one of the great calamities befalls your people, then place your own selves before the kinsfolk. If a heavy debt occurs, then be gentle with them; and whatever they burden you with in grave matters, then bear it. If you become poor, then be chaste; and if the surplus of good is among you, then give generously. Abū Qays also said: Glorify God at the rising of every morning, when His sun rises and at every new moon, Knower of the secret and the open together; what our Lord has said is not error. To Him belong the birds that seek sustenance and shelter in nests among the safe mountains. To Him belongs the wild game in the desert; you see it among dunes and in the shades of the sands. To Him the Jews became Jews and professed every religion for fear of a great calamity. To Him the Christians made their sun and stood at every feast for their Lord and in celebration. To Him belongs the secluded monk; you see him a hostage to misery though he was once of easy mind. O my sons, do not sever the ties of the womb, but join them, whether short or long. Fear God regarding the weak orphans and regarding what is made lawful other than the lawful. Know that the orphan has a guardian, a knower who is guided without asking. Then the orphan's property, do not consume it; indeed the orphan's property is guarded by a guardian. O my sons, do not alter the boundary markers; indeed altering boundary markers brings punishment. O my sons, do not trust the days, and beware of their cunning and the passing of the nights. Know that their passing leads to the exhaustion of creation, whether new or worn. Gather your affair upon dutifulness and piety, and upon abandoning obscenity and taking what is lawful.
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