Tarikh (al-Tabari) 817
The Night Journey and the Ascension
ثُمَّ هَبَطَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ، وَالظَّاهِرُ أَنَّ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ هَبَطُوا مَعَهُ تَكْرِيمًا لَهُ وَتَعْظِيمًا، عِنْدَ رُجُوعِهِ مِنَ الْحَضْرَةِ الْإِلَهِيَّةِ الْعَظِيمَةِ، كَمَا هِيَ عَادَةُ الْوَافِدِينَ ; لَا يَجْتَمِعُونَ بِأَحَدٍ قَبْلَ الَّذِي طُلِبُوا إِلَيْهِ، وَلِهَذَا كَانَ كُلَّمَا مَرَّ عَلَى وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ، يَقُولُ لَهُ جِبْرِيلُ عِنْدَ مَقْدَمِ ذَاكَ لِلسَّلَامِ عَلَيْهِ: هَذَا فُلَانٌ، فَسَلِّمْ عَلَيْهِ. فَلَوْ كَانَ قَدِ اجْتَمَعَ بِهِمْ قَبْلَ صُعُودِهِ، لَمَا احْتَاجَ إِلَى تَعَرُّفٍ بِهِمْ مَرَّةً ثَانِيَةً، وَمِمَّا يَدُلُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " فَلَمَّا حَانَتِ الصَّلَاةُ أَمَمْتُهُمْ ". وَلَمْ يَحِنْ وَقْتٌ إِذْ ذَاكَ إِلَّا صَلَاةُ الْفَجْرِ فَتَقَدَّمَهُمْ إِمَامًا بِهِمْ عَنْ أَمْرِ جِبْرِيلَ فِيمَا يَرْوِيهِ عَنْ رَبِّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَاسْتَفَادَ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ هَذَا، أَنَّ الْإِمَامَ الْأَعْظَمَ يُقَدَّمُ فِي الْإِمَامَةِ عَلَى رَبِّ الْمَنْزِلِ ; حَيْثُ كَانَ بَيْتُ الْمَقْدِسِ مَحَلَّتَهُمْ وَدَارَ إِقَامَتِهِمْ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ مِنْهُ فَرَكِبَ الْبُرَاقَ. وَعَادَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَأَصْبَحَ بِهَا، وَهُوَ فِي غَايَةِ الثَّبَاتِ وَالسَّكِينَةِ وَالْوَقَارِ، وَقَدْ عَايَنَ فِي تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةِ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ وَالْأُمُورِ الَّتِي لَوْ رَآهَا أَوْ بَعْضَهَا غَيْرُهُ، لَأَصْبَحَ مُنْدَهِشًا أَوْ طَائِشَ الْعَقْلِ، وَلَكِنَّهُ ﷺ أَصْبَحَ وَاجِمًا، أَيْ سَاكِنًا، يَخْشَى إِنْ بَدَأَ فَأَخْبَرَ قَوْمَهُ بِمَا رَأَى، أَنْ يُبَادِرُوا إِلَى تَكْذِيبِهِ، فَتَلْطَّفَ بِإِخْبَارِهِمْ أَوَّلًا بِأَنَّهُ جَاءَ بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ فِي تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ أَبَا جَهْلٍ لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ، رَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ، وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ وَاجِمٌ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: هَلْ مِنْ خَبَرٍ ؟ فَقَالَ: " نَعَمْ ". فَقَالَ: وَمَا هُوَ ؟ فَقَالَ: " إِنِّي أُسْرِيَ بِي اللَّيْلَةَ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ ". قَالَ: إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ ؟ ! قَالَ: " نَعَمْ ". قَالَ: أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ دَعَوْتُ قَوْمَكَ لَكَ لِتُخْبِرَهُمْ، أَتُخْبِرُهُمْ بِمَا أَخْبَرْتَنِي بِهِ ؟ قَالَ: " نَعَمْ ". فَأَرَادَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ جَمْعَ قُرَيْشٍ لِيَسْمَعُوا مِنْهُ ذَلِكَ، وَأَرَادَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَمْعَهُمْ لِيُخْبِرَهُمْ ذَلِكَ وَيُبَلِّغَهُمْ، فَقَالَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ: هَيَّا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ . فَاجْتَمَعُوا مِنْ أَنْدِيَتِهِمْ، فَقَالَ: أَخْبِرْ قَوْمَكَ بِمَا أَخْبَرْتَنِي بِهِ. فَقَصَّ عَلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَبَرَ مَا رَأَى، وَأَنَّهُ جَاءَ بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةَ وَصَلَّى فِيهِ، فَمِنْ بَيْنِ مُصَفِّقٍ، وَبَيْنَ مُصَفِّرٍ، تَكْذِيبًا لَهُ وَاسْتِبْعَادًا لِخَبَرِهِ، وَطَارَ الْخَبَرُ بِمَكَّةَ، وَجَاءَ النَّاسُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ، فَأَخْبَرُوهُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ يَقُولُ كَذَا وَكَذَا. فَقَالَ: إِنَّكُمْ تَكْذِبُونَ عَلَيْهِ. فَقَالُوا: وَاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَيَقُولُهُ. فَقَالَ: إِنْ كَانَ قَالَهُ فَلَقَدْ صَدَقَ. ثُمَّ جَاءَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَحَوْلَهُ مُشْرِكُو قُرَيْشٍ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَاسْتَعْلَمَهُ عَنْ صِفَاتِ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ ; لِيَسْمَعَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ وَيَعْلَمُوا صِدْقَهُ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَهُمْ بِهِ. وَفِي " الصَّحِيحِ " أَنَّ الْمُشْرِكِينَ هُمُ الَّذِينَ سَأَلُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ. قَالَ: " فَجَعَلْتُ أُخْبِرُهُمْ عَنْ آيَاتِهِ، فَالْتَبَسَ عَلَيَّ بَعْضَ الشَّيْءِ، فَجَلَّى اللَّهُ لِي بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ، حَتَّى جَعَلْتُ أَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ دُونَ دَارِ عَقِيلٍ وَأَنْعَتُهُ لَهُمْ ". فَقَالُوا: أَمَّا الصِّفَةُ فَقَدْ أَصَابَ. وَذَكَرَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ إِخْبَارِهِ لَهُمْ بِمُرُورِهِ بِعِيرِهِمْ، وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ شُرْبِهِ مَاءَهُمْ. فَأَقَامَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْحُجَّةَ، وَاسْتَنَارَتْ لَهُمُ الْمَحَجَّةُ، فَآمَنَ مَنْ آمَنَ عَلَى يَقِينٍ مِنْ رَبِّهِ، وَكَفَرَ مَنْ كَفَرَ بَعْدَ قِيَامِ الْحُجَّةِ عَلَيْهِ، كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَمَا جَعَلْنَا الرُّؤْيَا الَّتِي أَرَيْنَاكَ إِلَّا فِتْنَةً لِلنَّاسِ [ الْإِسْرَاءِ: 60 ] أَيِ ; اخْتِبَارًا لَهُمْ وَامْتِحَانًا. [سيرة] قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: هِيَ رُؤْيَا عَيْنٍ أُرِيَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَهَذَا مَذْهَبُ جُمْهُورِ السَّلَفِ وَالْخَلَفِ، مِنْ أَنَّ الْإِسْرَاءَ كَانَ بِبَدَنِهِ وَرُوحِهِ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ وَسَلَامُهُ عَلَيْهِ، كَمَا دَلَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ ظَاهِرُ السِّيَاقَاتِ مِنْ رُكُوبِهِ وَصُعُودِهِ فِي الْمِعْرَاجِ، وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي أَسْرَى بِعَبْدِهِ لَيْلًا مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ الْأَقْصَى [ الْإِسْرَاءِ: 1 ] وَالتَّسْبِيحُ إِنَّمَا يَكُونُ عِنْدَ الْآيَاتِ الْعَظِيمَةِ الْخَارِقَةِ، فَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ بِالرُّوحِ وَالْجَسَدِ، وَالْعَبْدُ عِبَارَةٌ عَنْهُمَا، وَأَيْضًا فَلَوْ كَانَ مَنَامًا لَمَا بَادَرَ كَفَّارُ قُرَيْشٍ إِلَى التَّكْذِيبِ بِهِ وَالِاسْتِبْعَادِ لَهُ، إِذْ لَيْسَ فِي ذَلِكَ كَبِيرُ أَمْرٍ، فَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُمْ بِأَنَّهُ أُسْرِيَ بِهِ يَقَظَةً لَا مَنَامًا. وَقَوْلُهُ فِي حَدِيثِ شَرِيكٍ عَنْ أَنَسٍ: " ثُمَّ اسْتَيْقَظْتُ فَإِذَا أَنَا فِي الْحِجْرِ ". مَعْدُودٌ فِي غَلَطَاتِ شَرِيكٍ أَوْ مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الِانْتِقَالَ مِنْ حَالٍ إِلَى حَالٍ يُسَمَّى يَقَظَةً، كَمَا سَيَأْتِي فِي حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ ؓ، حِينَ ذَهَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الطَّائِفِ فَكَذَّبُوهُ. قَالَ " فَرَجَعْتُ مَهْمُومًا، فَلَمِ اسْتَفِقْ إِلَّا بِقَرْنِ الثَّعَالِبِ ". وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي أُسَيْدٍ حِينَ جَاءَ بِابْنِهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِيُحَنِّكَهُ، فَوَضَعَهُ عَلَى فَخِذِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاشْتَغَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْحَدِيثِ مَعَ النَّاسِ، فَرَفَعَ أَبُو أُسَيْدٍ ابْنَهُ، ثُمَّ اسْتَيْقَظَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمْ يَجِدِ الصَّبِيَّ، فَسَأَلَ عَنْهُ، فَقَالُوا: رُفِعَ. فَسَمَّاهُ الْمُنْذِرَ وَهَذَا الْحَمْلُ أَحْسَنُ مِنَ التَّغْلِيطِ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَقَدْ حَكَى ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ فَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ آلِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَقُولُ: مَا فُقِدَ جَسَدُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ أَسْرَى بِرُوحِهِ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ كَانَ إِذَا سُئِلَ عَنْ مَسْرَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: كَانَتْ رُؤْيَا مِنَ اللَّهِ صَادِقَةً. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ فَلَمْ يُنْكَرْ ذَلِكَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمَا ; لِقَوْلِ الْحَسَنِ: إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ وَمَا جَعَلْنَا الرُّؤْيَا الَّتِي أَرَيْنَاكَ إِلَّا فِتْنَةً لِلنَّاسِ، وَكَمَا قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ: يَا بُنَيَّ إِنِّي أَرَى فِي الْمَنَامِ أَنِّي أَذْبَحُكَ [ الصَّافَّاتِ: 102 ] وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ: تَنَامُ عَيْنِي وَقَلْبِي يَقْظَانُ قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَيُّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ قَدْ جَاءَهُ، وَعَايَنَ فِيهِ مَا عَايَنَ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، عَلَى أَيِّ حَالَيْهِ كَانَ، نَائِمًا أَوْ يَقْظَانَ، كُلُّ ذَلِكَ حَقٌّ وَصِدْقٌ. قُلْتُ: وَقَدْ تَوَقَّفَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَجَوَّزَ كُلًّا مِنَ الْأَمْرَيْنِ مِنْ حَيْثُ الْجُمْلَةِ، وَلَكِنَّ الَّذِي لَا يُشَكُّ فِيهِ وَلَا يُتَمَارَى، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقْظَانَ لَا مَحَالَةَ ; لِمَا تَقَدَّمَ، وَلَيْسَ مُقْتَضَى كَلَامِ عَائِشَةَ ؓ أَنَّ جَسَدَهُ ﷺ مَا فُقِدَ، وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ الْإِسْرَاءُ بِرُوحِهِ، أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ مَنَامًا كَمَا فَهِمَهُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بَلْ قَدْ يَكُونُ وَقَعَ الْإِسْرَاءُ بِرُوحِهِ حَقِيقَةً، وَهُوَ يَقْظَانُ لَا نَائِمٌ، وَرَكِبَ الْبُرَاقَ، وَجَاءَ بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ، وَصَعِدَ السَّمَاوَاتِ، وَعَايَنَ مَا عَايَنَ، حَقِيقَةً وَيَقَظَةً لَا مَنَامًا، لَعَلَّ هَذَا مُرَادُ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ؓ، وَمُرَادُ مَنْ تَابَعَهَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ، لَا مَا فَهِمَهُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ مِنْ أَنَّهُمْ أَرَادُوا بِذَلِكَ الْمَنَامَ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. تَنْبِيهٌ: وَنَحْنُ لَا نُنْكِرُ وُقُوعَ مَنَامٍ قَبْلَ الْإِسْرَاءِ، طِبْقَ مَا وَقَعَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنَّهُ ﷺ كَانَ لَا يَرَى رُؤْيَا إِلَّا جَاءَتْ مِثْلَ فَلَقِ الصُّبْحِ، وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ فِي حَدِيثِ بَدْءِ الْوَحْيِ، أَنَّهُ رَأَى مِثْلَ مَا وَقَعَ لَهُ يَقَظَةً، مَنَامًا قَبْلَهُ، لِيَكُونَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ بَابِ الْإِرْهَاصِ وَالتَّوْطِئَةِ وَالتَّثْبِيتِ وَالْإِينَاسِ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. ثُمَّ قَدِ اخْتَلَفَ الْعُلَمَاءُ فِي أَنَّ الْإِسْرَاءَ وَالْمِعْرَاجَ هَلْ كَانَا فِي لَيْلَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، أَوْ كُلٌّ فِي لَيْلَةٍ عَلَى حِدَةٍ ؟ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ الْإِسْرَاءَ فِي الْيَقَظَةِ، وَالْمِعْرَاجَ فِي الْمَنَامِ. وَقَدْ حَكَى الْمُهَلَّبُ بْنُ أَبِي صُفْرَةَ فِي " شَرْحِهِ الْبُخَارِيَّ " عَنْ طَائِفَةٍ، أَنَّهُمْ ذَهَبُوا إِلَى أَنَّ الْإِسْرَاءَ مَرَّتَانِ، مَرَّةٌ بِرُوحِهِ مَنَامًا، وَمَرَّةٌ بِبَدَنِهِ وَرُوحِهِ يَقَظَةً. وَقَدْ حَكَاهُ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ السُّهَيْلِيُّ عَنْ شَيْخِهِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ الْعَرَبِيِّ الْفَقِيهِ الْمَالِكِيِّ. وَهَذَا الْقَوْلُ يَجْمَعُ الْأَحَادِيثَ ; فَإِنَّ فِي حَدِيثِ شَرِيكٍ عَنْ أَنَسٍ: وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا يَرَى قَلْبُهُ، وَتَنَامُ عَيْنَاهُ وَلَا يَنَامُ قَلْبُهُ، وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: " ثُمَّ اسْتَيْقَظْتُ، فَإِذَا أَنَا فِي الْحِجْرِ ". وَهَذَا مَنَامٌ، وَدَلَّ غَيْرُهُ عَلَى الْيَقَظَةِ. وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَدَّعِي تَعَدُّدَ الْإِسْرَاءِ فِي الْيَقَظَةِ أَيْضًا، حَتَّى قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: إِنَّهَا أَرْبَعُ إِسْرَاءَاتٍ. وَزَعَمَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَنَّ بَعْضَهَا كَانَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ. وَقَدْ حَاوَلَ الشَّيْخُ شِهَابُ الدِّينِ أَبُو شَامَةَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ، أَنْ يُوَفِّقَ بَيْنَ اخْتِلَافِ مَا وَقَعَ فِي رِوَايَاتِ حَدِيثِ الْإِسْرَاءِ بِالْجَمْعِ بِالتَّعَدُّدِ، فَجَعَلَ ثَلَاثَ إِسْرَاءَاتٍ، مَرَّةً مِنْ مَكَّةَ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ فَقَطْ عَلَى الْبُرَاقِ، وَمَرَّةً مِنْ مَكَّةَ إِلَى السَّمَاوَاتِ عَلَى الْبُرَاقِ أَيْضًا، لِحَدِيثِ حُذَيْفَةَ وَمَرَّةً مِنْ مَكَّةَ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ ثُمَّ إِلَى السَّمَاوَاتِ. فَنَقُولُ: إِنْ كَانَ إِنَّمَا حَمَلَهُ عَلَى الْقَوْلِ بِهَذِهِ الثَّلَاثِ اخْتِلَافُ الرِّوَايَاتِ، فَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَ لَفْظُ الْحَدِيثِ فِي ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَكْثَرَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الثَّلَاثِ صِفَاتٍ، وَمَنْ أَرَادَ الْوُقُوفَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، فَلْيَنْظُرْ فِيمَا جَمَعْنَاهُ مُسْتَقْصًى فِي كِتَابِنَا " التَّفْسِيرِ " عِنْدَ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي أَسْرَى بِعَبْدِهِ لَيْلًا، وَإِنْ كَانَ إِنَّمَا حَمَلَهُ، أَنَّ التَّقْسِيمَ انْحَصَرَ فِي ثَلَاثِ صِفَاتٍ بِالنِّسْبَةِ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ وَإِلَى السَّمَاوَاتِ، فَلَا يَلْزَمُ مِنَ الْحَصْرِ الْعَقْلِيِّ الْوُقُوعُ كَذَلِكَ فِي الْخَارِجِ إِلَّا بِدَلِيلٍ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَالْعَجَبُ أَنَّ الْإِمَامَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبُخَارِيَّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ، ذَكَرَ الْإِسْرَاءَ بَعْدَ ذِكْرِهِ مَوْتَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فَوَافَقَ ابْنَ إِسْحَاقَ فِي ذِكْرِهِ الْمِعْرَاجَ فِي أَوَاخِرِ الْأَمْرِ، وَخَالَفَهُ فِي ذِكْرِهِ بَعْدَ مَوْتِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ أَخَّرَ ذِكْرَ مَوْتِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَى الْإِسْرَاءِ. فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَيُّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ. وَالْمَقْصُودُ أَنَّ الْبُخَارِيَّ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الْإِسْرَاءِ وَبَيْنَ الْمِعْرَاجِ، فَبَوَّبَ لِكُلٍّ مِنْهُمَا بَابًا عَلَى حِدَةٍ، فَقَالَ: بَابُ حَدِيثِ الْإِسْرَاءِ وَقَوْلِ اللَّهِ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى: سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي أَسْرَى بِعَبْدِهِ لَيْلًا حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: " لَمَّا كَذَّبَتْنِي قُرَيْشٌ، كُنْتُ فِي الْحِجْرِ، فَجَلَّى اللَّهُ لِي بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ، فَطَفِقْتُ أُخْبِرُهُمْ عَنْ آيَاتِهِ، وَأَنَا أَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ ". وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ بِهِ. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِنَحْوِهِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: بَابُ حَدِيثِ الْمِعْرَاجِ: حَدَّثَنَا هُدْبَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ حَدَّثَنَا قَتَادَةُ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ صَعْصَعَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ حَدَّثَهُمْ عَنْ لَيْلَةِ أُسْرِيَ بِهِ قَالَ: " بَيْنَمَا أَنَا فِي الْحَطِيمِ وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ: فِي الْحِجْرِ مُضْطَجِعًا إِذْ أَتَانِي آتٍ فَقَدَّ قَالَ: وَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: فَشَقَّ مَا بَيْنَ هَذِهِ إِلَى هَذِهِ ". فَقُلْتُ لِلْجَارُودِ وَهُوَ إِلَى جَنْبِي مَا يَعْنِي بِهِ ؟ قَالَ: مِنْ ثُغْرَةِ نَحْرِهِ إِلَى شِعْرَتِهِ. وَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: مِنْ قَصِّهِ إِلَى شِعْرَتِهِ. " فَاسْتَخْرَجَ قَلْبِي، ثُمَّ أُتِيتُ بِطَسْتٍ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ مَمْلُوءَةٍ إِيمَانًا ، فَغُسِلَ قَلْبِي، ثُمَّ حُشِيَ، ثُمَّ أُعِيدَ، ثُمَّ أُتِيتُ بِدَابَّةٍ دُونَ الْبَغْلِ، وَفَوْقَ الْحِمَارِ أَبْيَضَ ". فَقَالَ لَهُ الْجَارُودُ: وَهُوَ الْبُرَاقُ يَا أَبَا حَمْزَةَ ؟ قَالَ أَنَسٌ: نَعَمْ. يَضَعُ خَطْوَهُ عِنْدَ أَقْصَى طَرْفِهِ، فَحُمِلْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَانْطَلَقَ بِي جِبْرِيلُ حَتَّى أَتَى السَّمَاءَ الدُّنْيَا فَاسْتَفْتَحَ، قِيلَ: مَنْ هَذَا ؟ قَالَ: جِبْرِيلُ. قِيلَ: وَمَنْ مَعَكَ ؟ قَالَ: مُحَمَّدٌ. قِيلَ: وَقَدْ أُرْسِلَ إِلَيْهِ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قِيلَ: مَرْحَبًا بِهِ، فَنِعْمَ الْمَجِيءُ جَاءَ. فَفَتَحَ، فَلَمَّا خَلَصْتُ، فَإِذَا فِيهَا آدَمُ. فَقَالَ: هَذَا أَبُوكَ آدَمُ، فَسَلِّمْ عَلَيْهِ. فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَرَدَّ السَّلَامَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " مَرْحَبًا بِالِابْنِ الصَّالِحِ، وَالنَّبِيِّ الصَّالِحِ " ثُمَّ صَعِدَ بِي إِلَى السَّمَاءِ الثَّانِيَةِ، فَاسْتَفْتَحَ، قِيلَ: مَنْ هَذَا ؟ قَالَ: جِبْرِيلُ. قِيلَ: وَمَنْ مَعَكَ ؟ قَالَ: مُحَمَّدٌ. قِيلَ: وَقَدْ أُرْسِلَ إِلَيْهِ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قِيلَ مَرْحَبًا بِهِ، فَنِعْمَ الْمَجِيءُ جَاءَ. فَفَتَحَ، فَلَمَّا خَلَصْتُ، إِذَا يَحْيَى وَعِيسَى، وَهُمَا ابْنَا خَالَةٍ، قَالَ: هَذَا يَحْيَى وَعِيسَى فَسَلِّمْ عَلَيْهِمَا. فَسَلَّمْتُ فَرَدَّا، ثُمَّ قَالَا: مَرْحَبًا بِالْأَخِ الصَّالِحِ، وَالنَّبِيِّ الصَّالِحِ. ثُمَّ صَعِدَ بِي إِلَى السَّمَاءِ الثَّالِثَةِ فَاسْتَفْتَحَ، قِيلَ: مَنْ هَذَا ؟ قَالَ: جِبْرِيلُ. قِيلَ: وَمَنْ مَعَكَ ؟ قَالَ: مُحَمَّدٌ قِيلَ: وَقَدْ أُرْسِلَ إِلَيْهِ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قِيلَ: مَرْحَبًا بِهِ، فَنِعْمَ الْمَجِيءُ جَاءَ. فَفَتَحَ فَلَمَّا خَلَصْتُ إِذَا يُوسُفُ، قَالَ: هَذَا يُوسُفُ فَسَلِّمْ عَلَيْهِ، فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَرَدَّ ثُمَّ قَالَ: مَرْحَبًا بِالْأَخِ الصَّالِحِ، وَالنَّبِيِّ الصَّالِحِ. ثُمَّ صَعِدَ بِي حَتَّى أَتَى السَّمَاءَ الرَّابِعَةَ، فَاسْتَفْتَحَ، قِيلَ: مَنْ هَذَا ؟ قَالَ: جِبْرِيلُ. قَالَ: وَمَنْ مَعَكَ ؟ قَالَ: مُحَمَّدٌ. قِيلَ: وَقَدْ أُرْسِلَ إِلَيْهِ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قِيلَ: مَرْحَبًا بِهِ، فَنِعْمَ الْمَجِيءُ جَاءَ. فَلَمَّا خَلَصْتُ فَإِذَا إِدْرِيسُ قَالَ: هَذَا إِدْرِيسُ فَسَلِّمْ عَلَيْهِ. فَسَلَّمْتُ فَرَدَّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: مَرْحَبًا بِالْأَخِ الصَّالِحِ، وَالنَّبِيِّ الصَّالِحِ. ثُمَّ صَعِدَ بِي حَتَّى أَتَى السَّمَاءَ الْخَامِسَةَ، فَاسْتَفْتَحَ، قِيلَ: مَنْ هَذَا ؟ قَالَ: جِبْرِيلُ. قِيلَ: وَمَنْ مَعَكَ ؟ قَالَ: مُحَمَّدٌ. قِيلَ: وَقَدْ أُرْسِلَ إِلَيْهِ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قِيلَ: مَرْحَبًا بِهِ، فَنِعْمَ الْمَجِيءُ جَاءَ. فَلَمَّا خَلَصْتُ فَإِذَا هَارُونُ، قَالَ: هَذَا هَارُونُ، فَسَلِّمْ عَلَيْهِ. فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَرَدَّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: مَرْحَبًا بِالْأَخِ الصَّالِحِ وَالنَّبِيِّ الصَّالِحِ. ثُمَّ صَعِدَ بِي حَتَّى أَتَى السَّمَاءَ السَّادِسَةَ، فَاسْتَفْتَحَ فَقِيلَ: مَنْ هَذَا ؟ قَالَ: جِبْرِيلُ. قِيلَ: وَمَنْ مَعَكَ ؟ قَالَ: مُحَمَّدٌ. قِيلَ: وَقَدْ أُرْسِلَ إِلَيْهِ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قِيلَ: مَرْحَبًا بِهِ، فَنِعْمَ الْمَجِيءُ جَاءَ. فَلَمَّا خَلَصْتُ فَإِذَا مُوسَى، قَالَ: هَذَا مُوسَى فَسَلِّمْ عَلَيْهِ. فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَرَدَّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: مَرْحَبًا بِالْأَخِ الصَّالِحِ وَالنَّبِيِّ الصَّالِحِ. فَلَمَّا تَجَاوَزْتُ بَكَى، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: مَا يُبْكِيكَ ؟ قَالَ: أَبْكِي ; لِأَنَّ غُلَامًا بُعِثَ بَعْدِي يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ مِنْ أُمَّتِهِ أَكْثَرُ مِمَّنْ يَدْخُلُهَا مِنْ أُمَّتِي. ثُمَّ صَعِدَ بِي إِلَى السَّمَاءِ السَّابِعَةِ، فَاسْتَفْتَحَ جِبْرِيلُ، قِيلَ: مَنْ هَذَا ؟ قَالَ: جِبْرِيلُ. قِيلَ: وَمَنْ مَعَكَ ؟ قَالَ: مُحَمَّدٌ. قِيلَ: وَقَدْ بُعِثَ إِلَيْهِ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قِيلَ: مَرْحَبًا بِهِ، فَنِعْمَ الْمَجِيءُ جَاءَ. فَلَمَّا خَلَصْتُ فَإِذَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ، قَالَ: هَذَا أَبُوكَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ فَسَلِّمْ عَلَيْهِ. فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَرَدَّ السَّلَامَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: مَرْحَبًا بِالِابْنِ الصَّالِحِ وَالنَّبِيِّ الصَّالِحِ. ثُمَّ رُفِعَتْ لِي سِدْرَةُ الْمُنْتَهَى، فَإِذَا نَبْقُهَا مِثْلُ قِلَالِ هَجَرَ، وَإِذَا وَرَقُهَا مِثْلُ آذَانِ الْفِيَلَةِ، قَالَ: هَذِهِ سِدْرَةُ الْمُنْتَهَى، وَإِذَا أَرْبَعَةُ أَنْهَارٍ نَهْرَانِ ظَاهِرَانِ، وَنَهْرَانِ بَاطِنَانِ. فَقُلْتُ: مَا هَذَا يَا جِبْرِيلُ ؟ قَالَ: أَمَّا الْبَاطِنَانِ فَنَهْرَانِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ، وَأَمَّا الظَّاهِرَانِ فَالنِّيلُ وَالْفُرَاتُ. ثُمَّ رُفِعَ لِيَ الْبَيْتُ الْمَعْمُورُ، يَدْخُلُهُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ، ثُمَّ أُتِيتُ بِإِنَاءٍ مِنْ خَمْرٍ وَإِنَاءٍ مِنْ لَبَنٍ، وَإِنَاءٍ مِنْ عَسَلٍ، فَأَخَذْتُ اللَّبَنَ، فَقَالَ: هِيَ الْفِطْرَةُ الَّتِي أَنْتَ عَلَيْهَا وَأُمَّتُكَ. ثُمَّ فُرِضَتْ عَلَيَّ الصَّلَوَاتُ خَمْسِينَ صَلَاةً كُلَّ يَوْمٍ، فَرَجَعْتُ فَمَرَرْتُ عَلَى مُوسَى، فَقَالَ: بِمَ أُمِرْتَ ؟ قَالَ: أُمِرْتُ بِخَمْسِينَ صَلَاةً كُلَّ يَوْمٍ. قَالَ: إِنَّ أُمَّتَكَ لَا تَسْتَطِيعُ خَمْسِينَ صَلَاةً كُلَّ يَوْمٍ، وَإِنِّي وَاللَّهِ قَدْ جَرَّبْتُ النَّاسَ قَبْلَكَ، وَعَالَجْتُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَشَدَّ الْمُعَالَجَةِ، فَارْجِعْ إِلَى رَبِّكَ فَسَلْهُ التَّخْفِيفَ لِأُمَّتِكَ. فَرَجَعْتُ فَوَضَعَ عَنِّي عَشْرًا، فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى مُوسَى فَقَالَ مِثْلَهُ، فَرَجَعْتُ فَوَضَعَ عَنِّي عَشْرًا، فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى مُوسَى فَقَالَ مِثْلَهُ، فَرَجَعْتُ فَوَضَعَ عَنِّي عَشْرًا، فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى مُوسَى فَقَالَ مِثْلَهُ. فَرَجَعْتُ فَأُمِرْتُ بِعَشْرِ صَلَوَاتٍ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ فَقَالَ مِثْلَهُ، فَرَجَعْتُ فَأُمِرْتُ بِخَمْسِ صَلَوَاتٍ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ، فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى مُوسَى، فَقَالَ: بِمَ أُمِرْتَ ؟ فَقُلْتُ: أُمِرْتُ بِخَمْسِ صَلَوَاتٍ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ. قَالَ: إِنَّ أُمَّتَكَ لَا تَسْتَطِيعُ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ، وَإِنِّي قَدْ جَرَّبْتُ النَّاسَ قَبْلَكَ، وَعَالَجْتُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَشَدَّ الْمُعَالَجَةِ، فَارْجِعْ إِلَى رَبِّكَ فَسْأَلْهُ التَّخْفِيفَ لِأُمَّتِكَ. قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ رَبِّي حَتَّى اسْتَحْيَيْتُ، وَلَكِنْ أَرْضَى وَأُسَلِّمُ. قَالَ: فَلَمَّا جَاوَزْتُ نَادَانِي مُنَادٍ: أَمْضَيْتُ فَرِيضَتِي وَخَفَّفْتُ عَنْ عِبَادِي ". هَكَذَا رَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ هَاهُنَا، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ فِي مَوَاضِعَ أُخَرَ مِنْ " صَحِيحِهِ " وَمُسْلِمٌ وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ مِنْ طُرُقٍ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ أَنَسٍ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ صَعْصَعَةَ. وَرُوِّينَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ أَنَسٍ عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ وَمِنْ طُرُقٍ كَثِيرَةٍ عَنْ أَنَسٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا ذَلِكَ مُسْتَقْصًى بِطُرُقِهِ وَأَلْفَاظِهِ فِي التَّفْسِيرِ. وَلَمْ يَقَعْ فِي هَذَا السِّيَاقِ ذِكْرُ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ وَكَانَ بَعْضُ الرُّوَاةِ يَحْذِفُ بَعْضَ الْخَبَرِ لِلْعِلْمِ بِهِ، أَوْ يَنْسَاهُ أَوْ يَذْكُرُ مَا هُوَ الْأَهَمُّ عِنْدَهُ، أَوْ يَبْسُطُ تَارَةً فَيَسُوقُهُ كُلَّهُ، وَتَارَةً يُحَدِّثُ مُخَاطِبَهُ بِمَا هُوَ الْأَنْفَعُ لَهُ. وَمَنْ جَعَلَ كُلَّ رِوَايَةٍ إِسْرَاءً عَلَى حِدَةٍ - كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ عَنْ بَعْضِهِمْ - فَقَدْ أَبْعَدَ جِدًّا ; وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ كُلَّ السِّيَاقَاتِ فِيهَا السَّلَامُ عَلَى الْأَنْبِيَاءِ، وَفِي كُلٍّ مِنْهَا تَعْرِيفُهُ بِهِمْ. وَفِي كُلِّهَا يُفْرَضُ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَوَاتُ، فَكَيْفَ يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يُدَّعَى تَعَدُّدُ ذَلِكَ ؟ هَذَا فِي غَايَةِ الْبُعْدِ وَالِاسْتِحَالَةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. ثُمَّ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ عَمْرٍو عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَمَا جَعَلْنَا الرُّؤْيَا الَّتِي أَرَيْنَاكَ إِلَّا فِتْنَةً لِلنَّاسِ قَالَ: هِيَ رُؤْيَا عَيْنٍ، أُرِيَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَيْلَةَ أُسَرِيَ بِهِ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ، وَالشَّجَرَةَ الْمَلْعُونَةَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ قَالَ: هِيَ شَجَرَةُ الزَّقُّومِ. فَصْلٌ فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي قَوْمِهِ أَخْبَرَهُمْ بِمَا أَرَاهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِنْ آيَاتِهِ الْكُبْرَى، فَاشْتَدَّ تَكْذِيبُهُمْ لَهُ، وَأَذَاهُمْ وَضَرَاوَتُهُمْ عَلَيْهِ، وَسَأَلُوهُ أَنْ يَصِفَ لَهُمْ بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ، فَجَلَّاهُ اللَّهُ لَهُ حَتَّى عَايَنَهُ، فَطَفِقَ يُخْبِرُهُمْ عَنْ آيَاتِهِ، وَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ أَنْ يَرُدُّوا عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا. وَأَخْبَرَهُمْ عَنْ عِيرِهِمْ فِي مَسْرَاهُ وَرُجُوعِهِ، وَأَخْبَرَهُمْ عَنْ وَقْتِ قُدُومِهَا، وَأَخْبَرَهُمْ عَنِ الْبَعِيرِ الَّذِي يَقْدُمُهَا، وَكَانَ الْأَمْرُ كَمَا قَالَ، فَلَمْ يَزِدْهُمْ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا نُفُورًا، وَأَبَى الظَّالِمُونَ إِلَّا كُفُورًا.
Translation
✧ Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ descended to the Sacred House (Jerusalem), and it appears that the prophets descended with him to honor him and magnify him upon his return from the great divine presence, as is the custom of delegations; they do not meet with anyone before the one for whom they were summoned. This is why whenever he passed by one of them, Gabriel would say to him at the arrival of that prophet to greet him: 'This is so-and-so, so greet him.' If he had met them before his ascent, he would not have needed to be introduced to them a second time. Among the things that indicate this is that he said: 'When the time of prayer came, I led them.' And at that time, no prayer time had come except the dawn prayer, so he went forward and led them as an imam by the command of Gabriel, conveying from his Lord, Mighty and Majestic. From this some scholars inferred that the supreme imam is given precedence in leading the prayer over the owner of the place, since Jerusalem was their locality and the abode of their residence. Then he left from there, mounted al-Burāq, and returned to Makkah, and it was morning while he was in complete steadfastness, tranquility, and dignity, having witnessed that night signs and matters which if another person had seen them or some of them, he would have become astonished or lost his mind. But he ﷺ became quiet, that is, calm, fearing that if he began to inform his people of what he saw, they would hasten to deny him. So he gently informed them first that he had gone to the Sacred House that night. This was because Abū Jahl, may Allah curse him, saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the Sacred Mosque sitting quietly, so he said to him: 'Is there any news?' He said: 'Yes.' He said: 'What is it?' He said: 'I was taken by night to the Sacred House (Jerusalem).' He said: 'To the Sacred House?!' He said: 'Yes.' He said: 'What if I summon your people for you to tell them? Will you tell them what you told me?' He said: 'Yes.' Abū Jahl wanted to gather Quraysh to hear that from him, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wanted to gather them to inform them and convey to them. Abū Jahl said: 'Come, O assembly of Quraysh!' They gathered from their assemblies, and he said: 'Tell your people what you told me.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ told them the story of what he saw, and that he had come to the Sacred House this night and prayed in it. Some were clapping, and some were turning pale, denying him and deeming his report far-fetched. The news flew through Makkah, and people came to Abū Bakr ؓ and told him that Muhammad ﷺ was saying such-and-such. He said: 'You are lying about him.' They said: 'By Allah, he is indeed saying it.' He said: 'If he said it, then he has spoken the truth.' Then he came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while around him were the polytheists of Quraysh, and asked him about that, and he informed him. Then he asked him about the descriptions of the Sacred House so that the polytheists would hear and know his truthfulness in what he told them. In the Ṣaḥīḥ it is stated that the polytheists were the ones who asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about that. He said: 'I began to inform them of its signs, but some of the details became confused to me, so Allah unveiled the Sacred House to me until I began looking at it and describing it to them from below the house of ʿAqīl.' They said: 'As for the description, he has got it right.' Ibn Isḥāq mentioned what was previously mentioned of his telling them about passing by their caravan and drinking their water. Thus Allah established the proof against them and the clear path became evident to them. Those who believed, believed with certainty from their Lord, and those who disbelieved, disbelieved after the proof had been established against them, as Allah Almighty said: 'And We made not the vision which We showed you except as a trial for mankind' [al-Isrāʾ: 60], meaning a test and trial for them. [Sīrah] Ibn ʿAbbās said: 'It is a vision of the eye that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was shown.' This is the position of the majority of the early and later scholars, that the night journey was with his body and his soul, may Allah's prayers and ﷺ, as indicated by the apparent context of his riding, his ascension in the miʿrāj, and other details. For this reason, the Almighty said: 'Glory be to the One who took His servant by night from the Sacred Mosque to the Farthest Mosque' [al-Isrāʾ: 1]. Glorification only occurs at great, extraordinary signs, which proves that it was with soul and body, and 'servant' refers to both. Moreover, if it had been a dream, the disbelievers of Quraysh would not have hastened to deny it and deem it far-fetched, for there would be nothing remarkable in that. This proves that he informed them that he was taken by night while awake, not asleep. His statement in the ḥadīth of Sharīk from Anas: 'Then I woke up and I was in the Ḥijr' is counted among Sharīk's errors or is interpreted to mean that the transition from one state to another is called waking, as will come in the ḥadīth of ʿĀʾishah ؓ when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went to al-Ṭāʾif and they denied him. He said: 'I returned grieved, and I did not come to my senses except at Qarn al-Thaʿālib.' And in the ḥadīth of Abū Usayd when he brought his son to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to chew something for him, he placed him on the thigh of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was engaged in conversation with the people, so Abū Usayd lifted his son, then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ 'woke up' and did not find the child, so he asked about him, and they said: 'He was lifted.' He named him al-Mundhir. This interpretation is better than declaring it an error. And Allah knows best. Ibn Isḥāq narrated and said: 'Some of the family of Abū Bakr narrated to me from ʿĀʾishah, Mother of the Believers, that she used to say: The body of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was not lost, but Allah took his soul on the night journey.' He said: 'Yaʿqūb b. ʿUtbah narrated to me that Muʿāwiyah, when asked about the night journey of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, said: It was a true vision from Allah.' Ibn Isḥāq said: 'Their statement was not rejected because of the saying of al-Ḥasan: This verse was revealed concerning that: 'And We made not the vision which We showed you except as a trial for mankind,' and as Ibrāhīm ﷺ said: 'O my son, indeed I have seen in a dream that I am slaughtering you' [al-Ṣāffāt: 102], and in the ḥadīth: 'My eyes sleep but my heart is awake.' Ibn Isḥāq said: 'Allah knows best which of these came to him and what he witnessed of the command of Allah Almighty, in whichever of his two states, asleep or awake—all of it is true and right.' I say: Ibn Isḥāq suspended judgment on this and allowed each of the two matters in general, but what is not doubted or disputed is that it was definitely while awake, for what preceded. The implication of ʿĀʾishah's words ؓ that his body ﷺ was not missing and that the night journey was by his soul is not necessarily that it was a dream, as Ibn Isḥāq understood. Rather, the night journey may have occurred by his soul in reality while he was awake, not asleep; he rode al-Burāq, went to the Sacred House, ascended the heavens, and witnessed what he witnessed in reality and wakefulness, not in sleep. Perhaps this is what ʿĀʾishah, Mother of the Believers ؓ, meant and what those who followed her on that meant, not what Ibn Isḥāq understood that they meant a dream. And Allah knows best. Note: We do not deny that a dream occurred before the night journey matching what happened after it, for he ﷺ never saw a vision except that it came true like the break of dawn. What preceded in the ḥadīth of the beginning of revelation—that he saw in a dream before it what happened to him in wakefulness—is similar, so that it would be of the category of premonition, preparation, confirmation, and companionship. And Allah knows best. Then scholars differed as to whether the night journey and the ascension were in one night or each in a separate night. Among them are those who claim that the night journey was in wakefulness and the ascension in sleep. Al-Muhallab b. Abī Ṣufrah narrated in his 'Commentary on al-Bukhārī' from a group that they held that the night journey occurred twice: once with his soul in a dream, and once with his body and soul in wakefulness. Al-Ḥāfiẓ Abū al-Qāsim al-Suhaylī narrated it from his shaykh Abū Bakr b. al-ʿArabī, the Mālikī jurist. This view reconciles the ḥadīths, for in the ḥadīth of Sharīk from Anas: 'That was among what his heart sees, and his eyes sleep but his heart does not sleep,' and he said at the end: 'Then I woke up, and I was in the Ḥijr.' This is a dream, while other evidence indicates wakefulness. Among them are those who claim the multiplicity of the night journey in wakefulness as well, until some said it was four night journeys. Some claimed that one of them was in Madīnah. Shaykh Shihāb al-Dīn Abū Shāmah, may Allah have mercy on him, attempted to reconcile the differences in the narrations of the night journey by combining them through multiplicity, so he made three night journeys: once from Makkah to the Sacred House only on al-Burāq, once from Makkah to the heavens on al-Burāq as well, according to the ḥadīth of Ḥudhayfah, and once from Makkah to the Sacred House then to the heavens. So we say: If he was led to the view of these three by the differences in the narrations, then the wording of the ḥadīth differs on more than these three descriptions, and whoever wants to examine that should look at what we have collected exhaustively in our book 'al-Tafsīr' at the verse: 'Glory be to the One who took His servant by night.' If he was led by the fact that the division is limited to three descriptions in relation to the Sacred House and the heavens, then it does not necessarily follow from the rational limitation that it occurred in that way in reality without evidence. And Allah knows best. It is remarkable that Imām Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Bukhārī, may Allah have mercy on him, mentioned the night journey after mentioning the death of Abū Ṭālib, thus agreeing with Ibn Isḥāq in mentioning the ascension at the end of the matter, but differing from him in mentioning it after the death of Abū Ṭālib, while Ibn Isḥāq delayed mentioning the death of Abū Ṭālib until after the night journey. Allah knows best which of these was the case. The point is that al-Bukhārī distinguished between the night journey and the ascension, devoting a separate chapter to each. He said: 'Chapter on the ḥadīth of the night journey and the saying of Allah, Glorious and Exalted: Glory be to the One who took His servant by night. Yaḥyā b. Bukayr narrated to us: al-Layth narrated to us from ʿUqayl from Ibn Shihāb: Abū Salamah b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān narrated to me, saying: I heard Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh say that he heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying: 'When Quraysh denied me, I was in the Ḥijr, and Allah unveiled the Sacred House to me, so I began to inform them of its signs while I was looking at it.'' Muslim, al-Tirmidhī, and al-Nasāʾī narrated it from the ḥadīth of al-Zuhrī from Abū Salamah from Jābir. Muslim and al-Nasāʾī narrated it from the ḥadīth of ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Faḍl from Abū Salamah from Abū Hurayrah from the Prophet ﷺ similarly. Then al-Bukhārī said: Chapter on the ḥadīth of the Miʿrāj: Hudbah b. Khālid narrated to us: Hammām narrated to us: Qatādah narrated to us, from Anas b. Mālik, from Mālik b. Ṣaʿṣaʿah, that the Prophet ﷺ related to them about the night he was taken on the Night Journey. He said: "While I was in al-Ḥaṭīm – and perhaps he said: in al-Ḥijr – lying down, a visitor came to me and split – he said: And I heard him say: he split from here to here." I said to al-Jārūd, who was beside me: What does he mean by that? He said: From the hollow of his throat to his pubic hair. And I heard him say: From his breastbone to his pubic hair. "He extracted my heart, then a golden basin filled with faith was brought to me, and my heart was washed, then filled, then returned. Then I was brought a white beast, smaller than a mule and larger than a donkey." Al-Jārūd said to him: That is al-Burāq, O Abū Ḥamzah? Anas said: Yes. It placed its step at the limit of its gaze. I was mounted upon it, and Jibrīl set off with me until he reached the lowest heaven and asked for it to be opened. It was said: Who is this? He said: Jibrīl. It was said: And who is with you? He said: Muḥammad. It was said: Has he been sent for? He said: Yes. It was said: Welcome to him; what an excellent coming has come. So it was opened. When I had passed through, there was Ādam. He said: This is your father Ādam, so greet him. I greeted him, and he returned the greeting, then said: "Welcome to the righteous son and the righteous prophet." Then he ascended with me to the second heaven and asked for it to be opened. It was said: Who is this? He said: Jibrīl. It was said: And who is with you? He said: Muḥammad. It was said: Has he been sent for? He said: Yes. It was said: Welcome to him; what an excellent coming has come. So it was opened. When I had passed through, there were Yaḥyā and ʿĪsā, who were maternal cousins. He said: This is Yaḥyā and ʿĪsā, so greet them. I greeted them, and they returned the greeting, then said: "Welcome to the righteous brother and the righteous prophet." Then he ascended with me to the third heaven and asked for it to be opened. It was said: Who is this? He said: Jibrīl. It was said: And who is with you? He said: Muḥammad. It was said: Has he been sent for? He said: Yes. It was said: Welcome to him; what an excellent coming has come. So it was opened. When I had passed through, there was Yūsuf. He said: This is Yūsuf, so greet him. I greeted him, and he returned the greeting, then said: "Welcome to the righteous brother and the righteous prophet." Then he ascended with me until he reached the fourth heaven and asked for it to be opened. It was said: Who is this? He said: Jibrīl. It was said: And who is with you? He said: Muḥammad. It was said: Has he been sent for? He said: Yes. It was said: Welcome to him; what an excellent coming has come. So it was opened. When I had passed through, there was Idrīs. He said: This is Idrīs, so greet him. I greeted him, and he returned the greeting, then said: "Welcome to the righteous brother and the righteous prophet." Then he ascended with me until he reached the fifth heaven and asked for it to be opened. It was said: Who is this? He said: Jibrīl. It was said: And who is with you? He said: Muḥammad. It was said: Has he been sent for? He said: Yes. It was said: Welcome to him; what an excellent coming has come. So it was opened. When I had passed through, there was Hārūn. He said: This is Hārūn, so greet him. I greeted him, and he returned the greeting, then said: "Welcome to the righteous brother and the righteous prophet." Then he ascended with me until he reached the sixth heaven and asked for it to be opened. It was said: Who is this? He said: Jibrīl. It was said: And who is with you? He said: Muḥammad. It was said: Has he been sent for? He said: Yes. It was said: Welcome to him; what an excellent coming has come. So it was opened. When I had passed through, there was Mūsā. He said: This is Mūsā, so greet him. I greeted him, and he returned the greeting, then said: "Welcome to the righteous brother and the righteous prophet." When I passed beyond him, he wept. It was said to him: What makes you weep? He said: I weep because a young man was sent after me whose community will enter Paradise more than those of my community who enter it. Then he ascended with me to the seventh heaven, and Jibrīl asked for it to be opened. It was said: Who is this? He said: Jibrīl. It was said: And who is with you? He said: Muḥammad. It was said: Has he been sent for? He said: Yes. It was said: Welcome to him; what an excellent coming has come. So it was opened. When I had passed through, there was Ibrāhīm. He said: This is your father Ibrāhīm, so greet him. I greeted him, and he returned the greeting, then said: "Welcome to the righteous son and the righteous prophet." Then the Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary was raised up for me, and its fruits were like the clay jars of Hajar, and its leaves were like the ears of elephants. He said: This is the Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary. And there were four rivers: two visible and two hidden. I said: What are these, O Jibrīl? He said: As for the two hidden ones, they are two rivers in Paradise; as for the two visible ones, they are the Nile and the Euphrates. Then the Much-Frequented House was raised up for me, into which seventy thousand angels enter every day. Then I was brought a vessel of wine, a vessel of milk, and a vessel of honey. I took the milk. He said: This is the fiṭrah upon which you and your community are. Then fifty prayers were made obligatory upon me every day. I returned and passed by Mūsā. He said: What have you been commanded? I said: I have been commanded to perform fifty prayers every day. He said: Your community cannot bear fifty prayers every day. By Allah, I have tested people before you, and I struggled with the Children of Israel most severely. Return to your Lord and ask Him to lighten it for your community. So I returned, and He reduced it by ten. I returned to Mūsā, and he said the same. I returned, and He reduced it by ten. I returned to Mūsā, and he said the same. I returned, and He reduced it by ten. I returned to Mūsā, and he said the same. I returned, and I was commanded to perform ten prayers every day. He said the same. I returned, and I was commanded to perform five prayers every day. I returned to Mūsā. He said: What have you been commanded? I said: I have been commanded to perform five prayers every day. He said: Your community cannot bear five prayers every day. I have tested people before you, and I struggled with the Children of Israel most severely. Return to your Lord and ask Him to lighten it for your community. He said: I have asked my Lord until I felt ashamed, but I accept and submit. He said: When I passed beyond, a caller called out: I have enforced My obligation and lightened it for My servants." Thus al-Bukhārī narrated this ḥadīth here, and he narrated it in other places of his Ṣaḥīḥ, and Muslim, al-Tirmidhī, and al-Nasāʾī narrated it through various chains from Qatādah, from Anas, from Mālik b. Ṣaʿṣaʿah. We also narrated it from the ḥadīth of Anas b. Mālik, from Ubayy b. Kaʿb, and from the ḥadīth of Anas, from Abū Dharr, and through many chains from Anas, from the Prophet ﷺ. We have mentioned that in full with its chains and wordings in the commentary. In this narrative, no mention is made of Jerusalem. Some narrators would omit part of the report because it was known, or forget it, or mention what was more important to them, or at times expand and narrate it all, and at other times relate to their interlocutor what was most beneficial for him. Whoever considers each narration a separate Night Journey – as was mentioned from some of them – has gone very far astray. That is because all the narratives include greeting the prophets, and in each of them he is introduced to them, and in all of them prayers are made obligatory upon him. How can one claim that this occurred multiple times? This is extremely far-fetched and impossible, and Allah knows best. Then al-Bukhārī said: al-Ḥumaydī narrated to us: Sufyān narrated to us, from ʿAmr, from ʿIkrimah, from Ibn ʿAbbās regarding His saying, Exalted be He: "And We did not make the vision which We showed you except as a trial for the people." He said: It was a vision of the eye, shown to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on the night he was taken on the Night Journey to Jerusalem, and the accursed tree in the Qurʾān. He said: It is the tree of Zaqqūm. Section When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ arose among his people, he informed them of what Allah, Mighty and Majestic, had shown him of His great signs. Their denial of him intensified, as did their harm and hostility toward him. They asked him to describe Jerusalem to them, and Allah displayed it to him until he saw it with his own eyes. He began to tell them about its signs, and they could not refute anything he said. He informed them about their caravan during his journey and return, and he informed them of the time of its arrival, and he informed them about the camel that would lead it, and the matter turned out as he had said. This only increased them in aversion, and the wrongdoers refused anything but disbelief.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.