Tarikh (al-Tabari) 731
What passed between the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the leaders of Quraysh, and something of the commentary on Surat al-Kahf
قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ إنَّ الْإِسْلَامَ جَعَلَ يَفْشُو بِمَكَّةَ فِي قَبَائِلِ قُرَيْشٍ فِي الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ، وَقُرَيْشٌ تَحْبِسُ مَنْ قَدَرَتْ عَلَى حَبْسِهِ، وَتَفْتِنُ مَنْ اسْتَطَاعَتْ فِتْنَتَهُ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، ثُمَّ إنَّ أَشْرَافَ قُرَيْشٍ مِنْ كُلِّ قَبِيلَةٍ، كَمَا حَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، وَعَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ قَالَ: [ حَدِيثُ رُؤَسَاءِ قُرَيْشٍ مَعَ الرَّسُولِ ﷺ ] اجْتَمَعَ عُتْبَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ، وَشَيْبَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ، وَأَبُو سُفْيَانَ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، وَالنَّضْرُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ ( بْنِ كَلَدَةَ )، أَخُو بَنِي عَبْدِ الدَّارِ، وَأَبُو الْبَخْتَرِيِّ بْنُ هِشَامٍ، وَالْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ أَسَدٍ، وَزَمْعَةُ بْنُ ا?ْأَسْوَدِ، وَالْوَلِيدُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ، وَأَبُو جَهْلِ بْنُ هِشَامٍ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ، وَالْعَاصِ بْنُ وَائِلٍ، وَنَبِيهٌ وَمُنَبِّهٌ ابْنَا الْحَجَّاجِ السَّهْمِيَّانِ، وَأُمَيَّةُ بْنُ خَلَفٍ، أَوْ مَنْ اجْتَمَعَ مِنْهُمْ. قَالَ: اجْتَمِعُوا بَعْدَ غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ عِنْدَ ظَهْرِ الْكَعْبَةِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضِ: ابْعَثُوا إلَى مُحَمَّدٍ فَكَلِّمُوهُ وَخَاصِمُوهُ حَتَّى تُعْذِرُوا فِيهِ، فَبَعَثُوا إلَيْهِ: إنَّ أَشْرَافَ قَوْمِكَ قَدْ اجْتَمَعُوا لَكَ لِيُكَلِّمُوكَ، فَأْتِهِمْ؛ فَجَاءَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَرِيعًا، وَهُوَ يَظُنُّ أَنْ قَدْ بَدَا لَهُمْ فِيمَا كَلَّمَهُمْ فِيهِ بَدَاءٌ، وَكَانَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَرِيصًا يُحِبُّ رُشْدَهُمْ، وَيَعِزُّ عَلَيْهِ عَنَتُهُمْ، حَتَّى جَلَسَ إلَيْهِمْ؛ فَقَالُوا لَهُ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، إنَّا قَدْ بَعَثْنَا إلَيْكَ لِنُكَلِّمَكَ، وَإِنَّا وَاَللَّهِ مَا نَعْلَمُ رَجُلًا مِنْ الْعَرَبِ أَدْخَلَ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ مِثْلَ مَا أَدْخَلْتَ عَلَى قَوْمِكَ، لَقَدْ شَتَمْتَ الْآبَاءَ، وَعِبْتَ الدِّينَ، وَشَتَمْتَ الْآلِهَةَ، وَسَفَّهْتَ الْأَحْلَامَ، وَفَرَّقْتَ الْجَمَاعَةَ، فَمَا بَقِيَ أَمْرٌ قَبِيحٌ إلَّا قَدْ جِئْتَهُ فِيمَا بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكَ - أَوْ كَمَا قَالُوا لَهُ - فَإِنْ كُنْتَ إنَّمَا جِئْتَ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ تَطْلُبُ بِهِ مَالًا جَمَعْنَا لَكَ مِنْ أَمْوَالِنَا حَتَّى تَكُونَ أَكْثَرَنَا مَالًا، وَإِنْ كُنْتَ إنَّمَا تَطْلُبُ بِهِ الشَّرَفَ فِينَا، فَنَحْنُ نُسَوِّدُكَ عَلَيْنَا، وَإِنْ كُنْتَ تُرِيدُ بِهِ مُلْكًا مَلَّكْنَاكَ عَلَيْنَا، وَإِنْ كَانَ هَذَا الَّذِي يَأْتِيكَ رِئْيًا تَرَاهُ قَدْ غَلَبَ عَلَيْكَ - وَكَانُوا يُسَمُّونَ التَّابِعَ مِنْ الْجِنِّ رِئْيًا - فَرُبَّمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ، بَذَلْنَا لَكَ أَمْوَالَنَا فِي طَلَبِ الطِّبِّ لَكَ حَتَّى نُبْرِئَكَ مِنْهُ، أَوْ نُعْذِرَ فِيكَ. فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: مَا بِي مَا تَقُولُونَ مَا جِئْتُ بِمَا جِئْتُكُمْ بِهِ أَطْلُبُ أَمْوَالَكُمْ، وَلَا الشَّرَفَ فِيكُمْ، وَلَا الْمُلْكَ عَلَيْكُمْ، وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ بَعَثَنِي إلَيْكُمْ رَسُولًا، وَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيَّ كِتَابًا، وَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَكُونَ لَكُمْ بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا، فَبَلَّغْتُكُمْ رِسَالَاتِ رَبِّي، وَنَصَحْتُ لَكُمْ، فَإِنْ تَقْبَلُوا مِنِّي مَا جِئْتُكُمْ بِهِ، فَهُوَ حَظُّكُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ، وَإِنَّ تَرُدُّوهُ عَلَيَّ أَصْبِرْ لِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ حَتَّى يَحْكُمَ اللَّهُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ ﷺ قَالُوا: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، فَإِنْ كُنْتَ غَيْرَ قَابِلٍ مِنَّا شَيْئًا مِمَّا عَرَضْنَاهُ عَلَيْكَ فَإِنَّكَ قَدْ عَلِمْتَ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ النَّاسِ أَحَدٌ أَضْيَقَ بَلَدًا، وَلَا أَقَلَّ مَاءً، وَلَا أَشَدَّ عَيْشًا مِنَّا، فَسَلْ لَنَا رَبَّكَ الَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِمَا بَعَثَكَ بِهِ، فَلْيُسَيِّرْ عَنَّا هَذِهِ الْجِبَالَ الَّتِي قَدْ ضَيَّقَتْ عَلَيْنَا، وَلْيَبْسُطْ لَنَا بِلَادَنَا، وَلْيُفَجِّرْ لَنَا فِيهَا أَنَهَارًا كَأَنْهَارِ الشَّامِ وَالْعِرَاقِ، وَلْيَبْعَثْ لَنَا مَنْ مَضَى مِنْ آبَائِنَا، وَلْيَكُنْ فِيمَنْ يُبْعَثُ لَنَا مِنْهُمْ قُصَيُّ بْنُ كِلَابٍ، فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ شَيْخَ صِدْقٍ، فَنَسْأَلَهُمْ عَمَّا تَقُولُ: أَحَقُّ هُوَ أَمْ بَاطِلٌ، فَإِنْ صَدَّقُوكَ وَصَنَعْتَ مَا سَأَلْنَاكَ صَدَّقْنَاكَ، وَعَرَفْنَا بِهِ مَنْزِلَتَكَ مِنْ اللَّهِ، وَأَنَّهُ بَعَثَكَ رَسُولًا كَمَا تَقُولُ. فَقَالَ لَهُمْ - صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ وَسَلَامُهُ عَلَيْهِ -: مَا بِهَذَا بُعِثْتُ إلَيْكُمْ، إنَّمَا جِئْتُكُمْ مِنْ اللَّهِ بِمَا بَعَثَنِي بِهِ، وَقَدْ بَلَّغْتُكُمْ مَا أُرْسِلْتَ بِهِ إلَيْكُمْ، فَإِنْ تَقْبَلُوهُ فَهُوَ حَظُّكُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ، وَإِنْ تَرُدُّوهُ عَلَيَّ أَصْبِرُ لِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، حَتَّى يَحْكُمَ اللَّهُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ قَالُوا: فَإِذَا لَمْ تَفْعَلْ هَذَا لَنَا، فَخُذْ لِنَفْسِكَ، سَلْ رَبَّكَ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ مَعَكَ مَلَكًا يُصَدِّقُكَ بِمَا تَقُولُ، وَيُرَاجِعُنَا عَنْكَ وَسَلْهُ فَلْيَجْعَلْ لَكَ جَنَانًا وَقُصُورًا وَكُنُوزًا مِنْ ذَهَبٍ وَفِضَّةٍ يُغْنِيكَ بِهَا عَمَّا نَرَاكَ تَبْتَغِي، فَإِنَّكَ تَقُومُ بِالْأَسْوَاقِ كَمَا نَقُومُ، وَتَلْتَمِسُ الْمَعَاشَ كَمَا نَلْتَمِسُهُ، حَتَّى نَعْرِفَ فَضْلَكَ وَمَنْزِلَتَكَ مِنْ رَبِّكَ إنْ كُنْتَ رَسُولًا كَمَا تَزْعُمُ. فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: مَا أَنَا بِفَاعِلِ، وَمَا أَنَا بِاَلَّذِي يَسْأَلُ رَبَّهُ هَذَا، وَمَا بُعِثْتُ إلَيْكُمْ بِهَذَا، وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ بَعَثَنِي بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا - أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ - فَإِنْ تَقْبَلُوا مَا جِئْتُكُمْ بِهِ فَهُوَ حَظُّكُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ، وَإِنْ تَرُدُّوهُ عَلَيَّ أَصْبِرْ لِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ حَتَّى يَحْكُمَ اللَّهُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ قَالُوا: فَأَسْقِطْ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْنَا كِسَفًا كَمَا زَعَمْتَ أَنَّ رَبَّكَ إنْ شَاءَ فَعَلَ، فَإِنَّا لَا نُؤْمِنُ لَكَ إلَّا أَنْ تَفْعَلَ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: ذَلِكَ إلَى اللَّهِ، إنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَفْعَلَهُ بِكُمْ فَعَلَ قَالُوا: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، أَفَمَا عَلِمَ رَبُّكَ أَنَّا سَنَجْلِسُ مَعَكَ وَنَسْأَلُكَ عَمَّا سَأَلْنَاكَ عَنْهُ، وَنَطْلُبُ مِنْكَ مَا نَطْلُبُ، فَيَتَقَدَّمَ إلَيْكَ فَيُعَلِّمَكَ مَا تُرَاجِعُنَا بِهِ، وَيُخْبِرُكَ مَا هُوَ صَانِعٌ فِي ذَلِكَ بِنَا، إذْ لَمْ نَقْبَلْ مِنْكَ مَا جِئْتنَا بِهِ إنَّهُ قَدْ بَلَغْنَا أَنَّكَ إنَّمَا يُعَلِّمُكَ هَذَا رَجُلٌ بِالْيَمَامَةِ يُقَالُ لَهُ: الرَّحْمَنُ، وَإِنَّا وَاَللَّهِ لَا نُؤْمِنُ بِالرَّحْمَنِ أَبَدًا، فَقَدْ أَعْذَرْنَا إلَيْكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ، وَإِنَّا وَاَللَّهِ لَا نَتْرُكُكَ وَمَا بَلَغْتَ مِنَّا حَتَّى نُهْلِكَكَ، أَوْ تُهْلِكَنَا. وَقَالَ قَائِلُهُمْ: نَحْنُ نَعْبُدُ الْمَلَائِكَةَ، وَهِيَ بَنَاتُ اللَّهِ. وَقَالَ قَائِلُهُمْ: لَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لَكَ حَتَّى تَأْتِيَنَا بِاَللَّهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ قَبِيلًا. [ حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ ] فَلَمَّا قَالُوا ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَامَ عَنْهُمْ، وَقَامَ مَعَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ مَخْزُومٍ - وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَمَّتِهِ، فَهُوَ لِعَاتِكَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ - فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ. عَرَضَ عَلَيْكَ قَوْمُكَ مَا عَرَضُوا فَلَمْ تَقْبَلْهُ مِنْهُمْ، ثُمَّ سَأَلُوكَ لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ أُمُورًا لِيَعْرِفُوا بِهَا مَنْزِلَتَكَ مِنْ اللَّهِ كَمَا تَقُولُ، وَيُصَدِّقُوكَ وَيَتَّبِعُوكَ فَلَمْ تَفْعَلْ، ثُمَّ سَأَلُوكَ أَنْ تَأْخُذَ لِنَفْسِكَ مَا يَعْرِفُونَ بِهِ فَضْلَكَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَمَنْزِلَتَكَ مِنْ اللَّهِ، فَلَمْ تَفْعَلْ، ثُمَّ سَأَلُوكَ أَنْ تُعَجِّلَ لَهُمْ بَعْضَ مَا تُخَوِّفُهُمْ بِهِ مِنْ الْعَذَابِ، فَلَمْ تَفْعَلْ - أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ لَهُ - فَوَاَللَّهِ لَا أُومِنُ بِكَ أَبَدًا حَتَّى تَتَّخِذَ إلَى السَّمَاءِ سُلَّمًا، ثُمَّ تَرْقَى فِيهِ وَأَنَا أَنْظُرُ إلَيْكَ حَتَّى تَأْتِيَهَا، ثُمَّ تَأْتِي مَعَكَ أَرْبَعَةٌ مِنْ الْمَلَائِكَةِ يَشْهَدُونَ لَكَ أَنَّكَ كَمَا تَقُولُ، وَاَيْمُ اللَّهِ، لَوْ فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ مَا ظَنَنْتُ أَنِّي أُصَدِّقُكَ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَانْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إلَى أَهْلِهِ حَزِينًا آسِفًا لِمَا فَاتَهُ مِمَّا كَانَ يَطْمَعُ بِهِ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ حِينَ دَعَوْهُ، وَلِمَا رَأَى مِنْ مُبَاعَدَتِهِمْ إيَّاهُ. عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: سَأَلَ أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ لَهُمُ الصَّفَا ذَهَبًا، وَأَنْ يُنَحِّيَ عَنْهُمُ الْجِبَالُ فَيَزْدَرِعُوا، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: إِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْ تَسْتَأْنِيَ بِهِمْ، وَإِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْ تُؤْتِيَهُمُ الَّذِي سَأَلُوا، فَإِنْ كَفَرُوا أُهْلِكُوا كَمَا أُهْلِكَتْ مَنْ قَبْلَهُمْ. قَالَ: " لَا، بَلْ أَسَتَأْنِي بِهِمْ ". فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَمَا مَنَعَنَا أَنْ نُرْسِلَ بِالْآيَاتِ إِلَّا أَنْ كَذَّبَ بِهَا الْأَوَّلُونَ وَآتَيْنَا ثَمُودَ النَّاقَةَ مُبْصِرَةً فَظَلَمُوا بِهَا [ الْإِسْرَاءِ: 59 ] الْآيَةَ وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ جَرِيرٍ بِهِ. وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ أَبِي الْحَكَمِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَتْ قُرَيْشٌ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ: ادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ يَجْعَلْ لَنَا الصَّفَا ذَهَبًا وَنُؤْمِنُ بِكَ. قَالَ: " وَتَفْعَلُونَ ؟ ". قَالُوا: نَعَمْ قَالَ: فَدَعَا، فَأَتَاهُ جِبْرِيلُ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يَقْرَأُ عَلَيْكَ السَّلَامَ، وَيَقُولُ لَكَ: إِنْ شِئْتَ أَصْبَحَ الصَّفَا لَهُمْ ذَهَبًا، فَمَنْ كَفَرَ مِنْهُمْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ عَذَّبْتُهُ عَذَابًا لَا أُعَذِّبُهُ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْعَالَمِينَ، وَإِنْ شِئْتَ فَتَحْتُ لَهُمْ بَابَ الرَّحْمَةِ وَالتَّوْبَةِ. قَالَ: " بَلِ التَّوْبَةُ وَالرَّحْمَةُ ". وَهَذَانَ إِسْنَادَانِ جَيِّدَانِ. [ مَا تَوَعَّدَ بِهِ أَبُو جَهْلٍ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ] فَلَمَّا قَامَ عَنْهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ: يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ، إنَّ مُحَمَّدًا قَدْ أَبَى إلَّا مَا تَرَوْنَ مِنْ عَيْبِ دِينِنَا، وَشَتْمِ آبَائِنَا، وَتَسْفِيهِ أَحْلَامِنَا، وَشَتْمِ آلْهِتَتَا، وَإِنِّي أُعَاهِدُ اللَّهَ لَأَجْلِسَنَّ لَهُ غَدًا بِحَجَرٍ مَا أُطِيقُ حَمْلَهُ - أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ - فَإِذَا سَجَدَ فِي صَلَاتِهِ فَضَخْتُ بِهِ رَأْسَهُ، فَأَسْلِمُونِي عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ أَوْ امْنَعُونِي، فَلْيَصْنَعْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بَنُو عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ مَا بَدَا لَهُمْ؛ قَالُوا: وَاَللَّهِ لَا نُسْلِمُكَ لِشَيْءِ أَبَدًا، فَامْضِ لِمَا تُرِيدُ. [ مَا حَدَثَ لِأَبِي جَهْلٍ حِينَ هَمَّ بِإِلْقَاءِ الْحَجَرِ عَلَى الرَّسُولِ ﷺ ] فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ أَخَذَ حَجَرًا كَمَا وَصَفَ، ثُمَّ جَلَسَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَنْتَظِرُهُ، وَغَدَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَمَا كَانَ يَغْدُو. وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ وَقِبْلَتُهُ إلَى الشَّامِ، فَكَانَ إذَا صَلَّى صَلَّى بَيْنَ الرُّكْنِ الْيَمَانِيِّ وَالْحَجَرِ الْأَسْوَدِ، وَجَعَلَ الْكَعْبَةَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الشَّامِ، فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي وَقَدْ غَدَتْ قُرَيْشٌ فَجَلَسُوا فِي أَنْدِيَتِهِمْ يَنْتَظِرُونَ مَا أَبُو جَهْلٍ فَاعِلٌ، فَلَمَّا سَجَدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ احْتَمَلَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ الْحَجَرَ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ نَحْوَهُ، حَتَّى إذَا دَنَا مِنْهُ رَجَعَ مُنْهَزِمًا مُنْتَقِعًا لَوْنُهُ مَرْعُوبًا قَدْ يَبِسَتْ يَدَاهُ عَلَى حَجَرِهِ، حَتَّى قَذَفَ الْحَجَرَ مِنْ يَدِهِ. وَقَامَتْ إلَيْهِ رِجَالُ قُرَيْشٍ، فَقَالُوا لَهُ: مَا لَكَ يَا أَبَا الْحَكَمِ ؟ قَالَ: قُمْتُ إلَيْهِ لِأَفْعَلَ بِهِ مَا قُلْتُ لَكُمْ الْبَارِحَةَ، فَلَمَّا دَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ عَرَضَ لِي دُونَهُ فَحْلٌ مِنْ الْإِبِلِ، لَا وَاَللَّهِ مَا رَأَيْتُ مِثْلَ هَامَتهِ، وَلَا مِثْلَ قَصَرَتِهِ وَلَا أَنْيَابِهِ لِفَحْلٍ قَطُّ، فَهَمَّ بِي أَنْ يَأْكُلَنِي. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَذُكِرَ لِي أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: ذَلِكَ جِبْرِيلُ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - لَوْ دَنَا لَأَخَذَهُ. [ نَصِيحَةُ النَّضْرِ لِقُرَيْشِ بِالتَّدَبُّرِ فِيمَا جَاءَ بِهِ الرَّسُولُ ﷺ ] فَلَمَّا قَالَ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ، قَامَ النَّضْرُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ كَلَدَةَ بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الدَّارِ بْنِ قُصَيٍّ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَيُقَالُ النَّضْرُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ كَلَدَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَقَالَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ، إنَّهُ وَاَللَّهِ قَدْ نَزَلَ بِكُمْ أَمْرٌ مَا أَتَيْتُمْ لَهُ بِحِيلَةِ بَعْدُ، قَدْ كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ فِيكُمْ غُلَامًا حَدَثًا أَرْضَاكُمْ فِيكُمْ، وَأَصْدَقَكُمْ حَدِيثًا، وَأَعْظَمَكُمْ أَمَانَةً، حَتَّى إذَا رَأَيْتُمْ فِي صُدْغَيْهِ الشَّيْبَ، وَجَاءَكُمْ بِمَا جَاءَكُمْ بِهِ، قُلْتُمْ سَاحِرٌ، لَا وَاَللَّهِ مَا هُوَ بِسَاحِرٍ، لَقَدْ رَأَيْنَا السَّحَرَةَ وَنَفْثَهُمْ وَعَقْدَهُمْ؛ وَقُلْتُمْ كَاهِنٌ، لَا وَاَللَّهِ مَا هُوَ بِكَاهِنٍ، قَدْ رَأَيْنَا الْكَهَنَةَ وَتَخَالُجَهُمْ وَسَمِعْنَا سَجْعَهُمْ؛ وَقُلْتُمْ شَاعِرٌ، لَا وَاَللَّهِ مَا هُوَ بِشَاعِرٍ، قَدْ رَأَيْنَا الشِّعْرَ، وَسَمِعْنَا أَصْنَافَهُ كُلَّهَا: هَزَجَهُ وَرَجَزَهُ، وَقُلْتُمْ مَجْنُونٌ، لَا وَاَللَّهِ مَا هُوَ بِمَجْنُونٍ، لَقَدْ رَأَيْنَا الْجُنُونَ فَمَا هُوَ بِخَنْقِهِ، وَلَا وَسْوَسَتِهِ، وَلَا تَخْلِيطِهِ، يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ، فَانْظُرُوا فِي شَأْنِكُمْ، فَإِنَّهُ وَاَللَّهِ لَقَدْ نَزَلَ بِكُمْ أَمْرٌ عَظِيمٌ. [ مَا كَانَ يُؤْذِي بِهِ النَّضْرُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ] وَكَانَ النَّضْرُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ مِنْ شَيَاطِينِ قُرَيْشٍ، وَمِمَّنْ كَانَ يُؤْذِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَيَنْصِبُ لَهُ الْعَدَاوَةَ، وَكَانَ قَدْ قَدِمَ الْحِيرَةَ، وَتَعَلَّمَ بِهَا أَحَادِيثَ مُلُوكِ الْفُرْسِ، وَأَحَادِيثَ رُسْتُمَ وَاسْبِنْدِيَارَ. فَكَانَ إذَا جَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَجْلِسًا فَذَكَّرَ فِيهِ بِاَللَّهِ، وَحَذَّرَ قَوْمَهُ مَا أَصَابَ مَنْ قَبْلَهُمْ مِنْ الْأُمَمِ مِنْ نِقْمَةِ اللَّهِ، خَلَفَهُ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ إذَا قَامَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَنَا وَاَللَّهِ يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ، أَحْسَنُ حَدِيثًا مِنْهُ، فَهَلُمَّ إلَيَّ، فَأَنَا أُحَدِّثُكُمْ أَحْسَنَ مِنْ حَدِيثِهِ، ثُمَّ يُحَدِّثُهُمْ عَنْ مُلُوكِ فَارِسَ وَرُسْتُمَ وَاسْبِنْدِيَارَ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: بِمَاذَا مُحَمَّدٌ أَحْسَنُ حَدِيثًا مِنِّي ؟. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَهُوَ الَّذِي قَالَ فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي: سَأُنْزِلُ مِثْلَ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَكَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ يَقُولُ، فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي: نَزَلَ فِيهِ ثَمَانِ آيَاتٍ مِنْ الْقُرْآنِ: قَوْلُ اللَّهِ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ -: إِذَا تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِ آيَاتُنَا قَالَ أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ. وَكُلُّ مَا ذُكِرَ فِيهِ مِنْ الْأَسَاطِيرِ مِنْ الْقُرْآنِ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَا عَرَفُوا مِنَ الْحَقِّ، وَعَرَفُوا صِدْقَهُ فِيمَا حَدَّثَ وَمَوْقِعَ نُبُوَّتِهِ فِيمَا جَاءَهُمْ مِنْ عِلْمِ الْغَيْبِ حِينَ سَأَلُوهُ عَنْهُ، حَالَ الْحَسَدُ مِنْهُمْ لَهُ بَيْنَهُمْ فَقَالَ قَائِلُهُمْ: لا تَسْمَعُوا لِهَذَا الْقُرْآنِ وَالْغَوْا فِيهِ أَيِ اجْعَلُوهُ لَغْوًا بَاطِلًا وَهُزُؤًا لَعَلَّكُمْ تُغْلَبُونَ بِذَلِكَ فَإِنَّكُمْ إِنْ نَاظَرْتُمُوهُ وَخَاصَمْتُمُوهُ غَلَبَكُمْ بِذَلِكَ. فَقَالَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ يَوْمًا، هُوَ يَهْزَأُ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَا أَتَى بِهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ: يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ يَزْعُمُ مُحَمَّدٌ إِنَّمَا جُنُودُ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يُعَذِّبُونَكُمْ فِي النَّارِ وَيَحْبِسُونَكُمْ فِيهَا تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ، وَأَنْتُمُ النَّاسُ عَدَدًا وَكَثْرَةً، فَيَعْجِزُ كُلُّ مِائَةٍ مِنْكُمْ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي ذَلِكَ: وَمَا جَعَلْنَا أَصْحَابَ النَّارِ إِلا مَلائِكَةً فَلَا يُطَاقُونَ كَمَا تَتَوَهَّمُونَ وَمَا جَعَلْنَا عِدَّتَهُمْ إِلا فِتْنَةً ضَلَالًا لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِأَنْ يَقُولُوا: لِمَ كَانُوا تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ، لِيَسْتَيْقِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ أَيِ الْيَهُودُ صِدْقَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي كَوْنِهِمْ تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ الْمُوَافِقُ لِمَا فِي كِتَابِهِمْ، وَيَزْدَادَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إِيمَانًا تَصْدِيقًا لِمُوَافَقَةِ مَا أَتَى بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِمَا فِي كِتَابِهِمْ. وَلا يَرْتَابَ يَشُكَّ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ فِي عَدَدِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ ، وَلِيَقُولَ الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ شَكٌّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَالْكَافِرُونَ بِمَكَّةَ مَاذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ بِهَذَا الْعَدَدِ مَثَلا سَمَّوْهُ مَثَلًا لِغَرَابَتِهِ وَأُغْرِبَ حَالًا. كَذَلِكَ أَيْ مِثْلِ إِضْلَالِ مُنْكِرِ هَذَا الْعَدَدِ وَهَدَى مُصَدِّقَهُ، يُضِلُّ اللَّهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَمَا يَعْلَمُ جُنُودَ رَبِّكَ أَيِ الْمَلَائِكَةَ فِي قُوَّتِهِمْ وَأَعْوَانِهِمْ إِلا هُوَ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى.
Translation
✧ Ibn Isḥāq said: Then Islam began to spread in Makkah among the tribes of Quraysh, among men and women, while Quraysh were detaining those they could detain and persecuting those of the Muslims they could persecute. Then the nobles of Quraysh from every tribe, as some of the people of knowledge narrated to me from Saʿīd b. Jubayr, and from ʿIkrimah the mawlā of Ibn ʿAbbās, from ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās ؓ, he said: [The account of the leaders of Quraysh with the Messenger ﷺ] ʿUtbah b. Rabīʿah, Shaybah b. Rabīʿah, Abū Sufyān b. Ḥarb, al-Naḍr b. al-Ḥārith (b. Kaladah), the brother of the Banū ʿAbd al-Dār, Abū al-Bakhtarī b. Hishām, al-Aswad b. al-Muṭṭalib b. Asad, Zamʿah b. al-Aswad, al-Walīd b. al-Mughīrah, Abū Jahl b. Hishām, ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Umayyah, al-ʿĀṣ b. Wāʾil, Nabīh and Munabbih the two sons of al-Ḥajjāj al-Sahmī, and Umayyah b. Khalaf, or those of them who gathered. He said: They gathered after sunset at the back of the Kaʿbah. Then they said to one another: Send for Muḥammad and speak with him and argue with him until you have an excuse against him. So they sent to him: The nobles of your people have gathered for you to speak with you, so come to them. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to them quickly, thinking that something had occurred to them concerning what he had spoken to them about, for he was eager for them and loved their right guidance, and their hardship distressed him, until he sat with them. They said to him: O Muḥammad, we have sent for you to speak with you, and by Allah, we do not know any man among the Arabs who has brought upon his people the like of what you have brought upon your people. You have reviled the ancestors, criticized the religion, reviled the gods, deemed the minds foolish, and divided the community. There remains no ugly matter but you have brought it between us and you—or as they said to him. If you have brought this discourse seeking wealth by it, we will gather for you from our wealth until you are the wealthiest of us. If you seek honor among us, we will make you our chief. If you desire kingship, we will make you king over us. And if this that comes to you is a spirit you see that has overcome you—they used to call the companion from the jinn a rāʾī—then perhaps that is so; we will spend our wealth seeking medicine for you until we cure you of it, or we will have an excuse regarding you. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to them: I am not as you say. I have not brought what I have brought you seeking your wealth, nor honor among you, nor kingship over you. But Allah has sent me to you as a messenger and has revealed to me a Book and commanded me to be a bearer of good tidings and a warner to you. I have conveyed to you the messages of my Lord and advised you. If you accept from me what I have brought you, it is your share in this world and the Hereafter. If you reject it back to me, I will be patient with Allah's command until Allah judges between me and you—or as he ﷺ said. They said: O Muḥammad, if you will not accept from us anything of what we have offered you, then you know that there is no people with a narrower land, less water, or harsher livelihood than us. Ask your Lord who sent you with what He sent you to move away from us these mountains that have constricted us, and to spread out our land for us, and to make rivers flow in it like the rivers of Syria and Iraq, and to resurrect for us those of our ancestors who have passed, and let Quṣayy b. Kilāb be among those resurrected for us, for he was a truthful elder, so that we may ask them about what you say: is it true or false? If they affirm you and you do what we have asked, we will affirm you, and by that we will know your standing with Allah, and that He sent you as a messenger as you say. He said to them—may Allah's prayers and ﷺ —: I was not sent to you with this. I have only come to you from Allah with what He sent me with, and I have conveyed to you what I was sent with to you. If you accept it, it is your share in this world and the Hereafter. If you reject it back to me, I will be patient with the command of Allah, the Exalted, until Allah judges between me and you. They said: If you will not do this for us, then take for yourself: ask your Lord to send with you an angel who will affirm what you say and answer us on your behalf. And ask Him to make for you gardens and palaces and treasures of gold and silver to enrich you from what we see you seeking, for you stand in the markets as we stand and seek a livelihood as we seek it, so that we may know your excellence and your standing with your Lord, if you are a messenger as you claim. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to them: I will not do that, and I am not one who asks his Lord for this, and I was not sent to you with this. But Allah sent me as a bearer of good tidings and a warner—or as he said. If you accept what I have brought you, it is your share in this world and the Hereafter. If you reject it back to me, I will be patient with Allah's command until Allah judges between me and you. They said: Then cause the sky to fall upon us in pieces, as you claimed that your Lord, if He wills, would do, for we will not believe you unless you do it. He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: That is for Allah; if He wills to do it to you, He will do it. They said: O Muḥammad, did not your Lord know that we would sit with you and ask you about what we have asked you, and seek from you what we seek, so that He would come to you in advance and teach you what to answer us, and inform you what He will do with us in that, since we will not accept from you what you have brought us? It has reached us that a man in al-Yamāmah called al-Raḥmān teaches you this, and by Allah, we will never believe in al-Raḥmān. We have already made our excuse to you, O Muḥammad, and by Allah, we will not leave you and what you have reached of us until we destroy you or you destroy us. One of them said: We worship the angels, and they are the daughters of Allah. Another of them said: We will never believe you until you bring us Allah and the angels face to face. [The account of ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Umayyah with the Messenger ﷺ] When they said that to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he rose from them, and ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Umayyah b. al-Mughīrah b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar b. Makhzūm rose with him—he was the son of his paternal aunt, for he was the son of ʿĀtikah bt. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib—and said to him: O Muḥammad, your people offered you what they offered and you did not accept it from them. Then they asked you for themselves things by which they might know your standing with Allah, as you say, and affirm you and follow you, and you did not do it. Then they asked you to take for yourself what they might know your excellence over them and your standing with Allah by, and you did not do it. Then they asked you to hasten for them some of the punishment that you threaten them with, and you did not do it—or as he said to him—and by Allah, I will never believe in you until you take a ladder to the sky and ascend it while I watch you until you reach it, and then four angels come with you testifying that you are as you say. And by the oath of Allah, even if you did that, I do not think I would believe you. Then he turned away from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went back to his family sad and grieved at what had escaped him of what he had hoped for from his people when they summoned him, and at the distance he saw from them. From Saʿīd b. Jubayr from Ibn ʿAbbās he said: The people of Makkah asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to make al-Ṣafā gold for them and to remove the mountains from them so they could cultivate. It was said to him: If you will, you may give them respite, and if you will, you may bring them what they asked, and if they disbelieve, they will be destroyed as those before them were destroyed. He said: "No, rather I will give them respite." So Allah the Exalted revealed: And nothing prevented Us from sending signs except that the former peoples denied them, and We gave Thamūd the she-camel as a clear sign, but they wronged her [al-Isrāʾ: 59]. And thus al-Nasāʾī narrated it from the ḥadīth of Jarīr. Aḥmad said: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān narrated to us, Sufyān narrated to us from Salamah b. Kuhayl from ʿImrān Abī al-Ḥakam from Ibn ʿAbbās, he said: Quraysh said to the Prophet ﷺ: Call your Lord for us to make al-Ṣafā gold and we will believe in you. He said: "And you will do so?" They said: Yes. He said: So he called, and Jibrīl came to him and said: Your Lord conveys peace to you and says to you: If you will, al-Ṣafā will become gold for them, and whoever of them disbelieves after that I will punish with a punishment with which I have punished no one in the worlds. If you will, I will open for them the gate of mercy and repentance. He said: "Rather repentance and mercy." These are two good chains of transmission. [What Abū Jahl threatened the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with] When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ rose from them, Abū Jahl said: O assembly of Quraysh, Muḥammad has refused anything but what you see of criticizing our religion, reviling our ancestors, deeming our minds foolish, and reviling our gods. I vow by Allah that tomorrow I will sit for him with a stone I can hardly carry—or as he said—and when he prostrates in his prayer, I will crush his head with it. Then hand me over or protect me at that time, and let the Banū ʿAbd Manāf do whatever they please after that. They said: By Allah, we will never hand you over for anything; proceed with what you intend. [What happened to Abū Jahl when he intended to throw the stone at the Messenger ﷺ] When morning came, Abū Jahl took a stone as he described and sat waiting for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out as he usually did. In Makkah his qiblah was toward Syria, and when he prayed he prayed between the Yemeni corner and the Black Stone, placing the Kaʿbah between himself and Syria. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood praying, and Quraysh had gone out and sat in their assemblies waiting to see what Abū Jahl would do. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prostrated, Abū Jahl lifted the stone and approached him, until when he drew near, he retreated defeated, his color changed, terrified, his hands frozen on his stone, until he threw the stone from his hand. Men of Quraysh stood up to him and said: What is wrong with you, O Abū al-Ḥakam? He said: I rose toward him to do what I told you last night, but when I drew near, a stallion-camel appeared before me, and by Allah, I have never seen the like of its head, nor the like of its neck, nor its fangs for any stallion-camel ever. It intended to eat me. Ibn Isḥāq said: It was mentioned to me that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: That was Jibrīl ﷺ ; if he had drawn near, he would have seized him. [Al-Naḍr's advice to Quraysh to reflect on what the Messenger ﷺ brought] When Abū Jahl said that to them, al-Naḍr b. al-Ḥārith b. Kaladah b. ʿAlqamah b. ʿAbd Manāf b. ʿAbd al-Dār b. Quṣayy rose. Ibn Hishām said: It is also said al-Naḍr b. al-Ḥārith b. ʿAlqamah b. Kaladah b. ʿAbd Manāf. Ibn Isḥāq said: He said: O assembly of Quraysh, by Allah, a matter has befallen you for which you have not yet devised any stratagem. Muḥammad was among you a young lad, the most pleasing of you among you, the most truthful in speech, and the greatest in trustworthiness, until when you saw gray hair at his temples and he brought you what he brought you, you said: A sorcerer. No by Allah, he is not a sorcerer; we have seen sorcerers and their blowing and their knots. You said: A soothsayer. No by Allah, he is not a soothsayer; we have seen soothsayers and their twitching and we have heard their rhymed prose. You said: A poet. No by Allah, he is not a poet; we have seen poetry and heard all its kinds: its light verse and its rajaz. You said: Mad. No by Allah, he is not mad; we have seen madness, and it is not his strangling, nor his whispering, nor his confusion. O assembly of Quraysh, look into your affair, for by Allah, a great matter has befallen you. [How al-Naḍr b. al-Ḥārith used to harm the Messenger of Allah ﷺ] Al-Naḍr b. al-Ḥārith was one of the devils of Quraysh and among those who harmed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and set up enmity for him. He had gone to al-Ḥīrah and learned there the tales of the kings of Persia and the tales of Rustum and Isfandiyār. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sat in a gathering and reminded them of Allah and warned his people of the punishment of Allah that had befallen the nations before them, he would take his place in the gathering after he rose and say: By Allah, O assembly of Quraysh, I am a better storyteller than him. Come to me, and I will tell you better than his discourse. Then he would tell them about the kings of Persia and Rustum and Isfandiyār, and then say: How is Muḥammad a better storyteller than me? Ibn Hishām said: He is the one who said, as it has reached me: I will reveal the like of what Allah has revealed. Ibn Isḥāq said: Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ used to say, as it reached me: Eight verses of the Qurʾān were revealed concerning him: the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: When Our verses are recited to him, he says: Legends of the ancients, and everything mentioned in the Qurʾān about legends. Ibn Isḥāq said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ brought them what they recognized as the truth, and they recognized his truthfulness in what he reported and the reality of his prophethood in what he brought them of knowledge of the unseen when they asked him about it, envy from them toward him intervened between them. One of them said: Do not listen to this Qurʾān and make noise in it—that is, make it idle falsehood and mockery—perhaps you will prevail, for if you debate him and argue with him, he will overcome you by that. One day Abū Jahl said, mocking the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the truth he brought: O assembly of Quraysh, Muḥammad claims that Allah's soldiers who will punish you in the Fire and detain you in it are nineteen, while you are people numerous and many. Will every hundred of you fail against one of them? So Allah the Exalted revealed concerning that: And We have made the keepers of the Fire only angels—so they cannot be overcome as you imagine—and We have made their number only a trial—misguidance—for those who disbelieve, that they may say: Why are they nineteen?—so that those given the Book, that is the Jews, may be certain of the truthfulness of the Prophet ﷺ concerning their being nineteen, which agrees with what is in their Book, and those who believe from the People of the Book may increase in faith—affirmation—because the Prophet ﷺ brought what agrees with their Book. And that those given the Book and the believers may not doubt—be uncertain—concerning the number of the angels, and that those in whose hearts is disease—doubt—in Madinah and the disbelievers in Makkah may say: What did Allah intend by this number as an example?—they called it an example because of its strangeness, and it is strange in state. Thus—that is, like the misguidance of the denier of this number and the guidance of the one who affirms it—Allah leads astray whom He wills and guides whom He wills, and none knows the soldiers of your Lord—that is, the angels in their strength and their helpers—except He, Glorified and Exalted.
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