Tarikh (al-Tabari) 648
The Birth of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and His Suckling
ما وقع من الآيات ليلة ميلاد النبي ما وَقَعَ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ لَيْلَةَ مَوْلِدِهِ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا فِي بَابِ هَوَاتِفِ الْجَانِّ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ خُرُورِ كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْأَصْنَامِ لَيْلَتَئِذٍ لِوُجُوهِهَا وَسُقُوطِهَا عَنْ أَمَاكِنِهَا وَمَا رَآهُ النَّجَاشِيُّ مَلِكُ الْحَبَشَةِ، وَظُهُورِ النُّورِ مَعَهُ حَتَّى أَضَاءَتْ لَهُ قُصُورُ الشَّامِ حِينَ وُلِدَ وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ سُقُوطِهِ جَاثِيًا رَافِعًا رَأْسَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ، وَانْفِلَاقِ تِلْكَ الْبُرْمَةِ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ الْكَرِيمِ وَمَا شُوهِدَ مِنَ النُّورِ فِي الْمَنْزِلِ الَّذِي وُلِدَ فِيهِ، وَدُنُوِّ النُّجُومِ مِنْهُمْ، وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ. حَكَى السُّهَيْلِيُّ عَنْ تَفْسِيرِ بَقِيِّ بْنِ مَخْلَدٍ الْحَافِظِ: أَنَّ إِبْلِيسَ رَنَّ أَرْبَعَ رَنَّاتٍ; حِينَ لُعِنَ، وَحِينَ أُهْبِطَ، وَحِينَ وُلِدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَحِينَ أُنْزِلَتِ الْفَاتِحَةُ. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَكَانَ هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: كَانَ يَهُودِيٌّ قَدْ سَكَنَ مَكَّةَ يَتَّجِرُ بِهَا فَلَمَّا كَانَتِ اللَّيْلَةَ الَّتِي وُلِدَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: فِي مَجْلِسٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ: يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ هَلْ وُلِدَ فِيكُمُ اللَّيْلَةَ مَوْلُودٌ ؟ فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ: وَاللَّهِ مَا نَعْلَمُهُ. فَقَالَ: اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ أَمَا إِذَا أَخْطَأَكُمْ فَلَا بَأْسَ، انْظُرُوا وَاحْفَظُوا مَا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ: وُلِدَ هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةَ نَبِيُّ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ الْأَخِيرَةِ بَيْنَ كَتِفَيْهِ عَلَامَةٌ فِيهَا شَعَرَاتٌ مُتَوَاتِرَاتٌ كَأَنَّهُنَّ عُرْفُ فَرَسٍ، لَا يَرْضَعُ لَيْلَتَيْنِ; وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ عِفْرِيتًا مِنَ الْجِنِّ أَدْخَلَ أُصْبُعَهُ فِي فَمِهِ فَمَنَعَهُ الرَّضَاعَ فَتَصَدَّعَ الْقَوْمُ مِنْ مَجْلِسِهِمْ، وَهُمْ يَتَعَجَّبُونَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ وَحَدِيثِهِ فَلَمَّا صَارُوا إِلَى مَنَازِلِهِمْ أَخْبَرَ كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ مِنْهُمْ أَهْلَهُ فَقَالُوا: قَدْ وَاللَّهِ وُلِدَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ غُلَامٌ سَمَّوْهُ مُحَمَّدًا فَالْتَقَى الْقَوْمُ فَقَالُوا: هَلْ سَمِعْتُمْ حَدِيثَ الْيَهُودِيِّ ؟ وَهَلْ بَلَغَكُمْ مَوْلِدُ هَذَا الْغُلَامِ ؟ فَانْطَلَقُوا حَتَّى جَاءُوا الْيَهُودِيَّ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ الْخَبَرَ. قَالَ: فَاذْهَبُوا مَعِيَ حَتَّى أَنْظُرَ إِلَيْهِ فَخَرَجُوا بِهِ حَتَّى أَدْخَلُوهُ عَلَى آمِنَةَ فَقَالُوا: أَخْرِجِي إِلَيْنَا ابْنَكِ فَأَخْرَجَتْهُ، وَكَشَفُوا لَهُ عَنْ ظَهْرِهِ فَرَأَى تِلْكَ الشَّامَةَ فَوَقَعَ الْيَهُودِيُّ مَغْشِيًّا عَلَيْهِ فَلَمَّا أَفَاقَ قَالُوا لَهُ: مَا لَكَ ؟ وَيْلَكَ ! قَالَ: قَدْ ذَهَبَتْ وَاللَّهِ النُّبُوَّةُ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، أَفَرِحْتُمْ بِهَا يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ ؟ وَاللَّهِ لَيَسْطُوَنَّ بِكُمْ سَطْوَةً يَخْرُجُ خَبَرُهَا مِنَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنِي صَالِحُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَسْعَدَ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مَنْ شِئْتُ مِنْ رِجَالِ قَوْمِي مِمَّنْ لَا أَتَّهِمُ عَنْ حَسَّانَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ قَالَ: إِنِّي لَغُلَامٌ يَفَعَةٌ ابْنُ سَبْعِ سِنِينَ أَوْ ثَمَانِ سِنِينَ أَعْقِلُ مَا رَأَيْتُ وَسَمِعْتُ إِذَا بِيَهُودِيٍّ فِي يَثْرِبَ يَصْرُخُ ذَاتَ غَدَاةٍ: يَا مَعْشَرَ يَهُودَ. فَاجْتَمَعُوا إِلَيْهِ، وَأَنَا أَسْمَعُ فَقَالُوا: وَيْلَكَ مَا لَكَ ؟ قَالَ: قَدْ طَلَعَ نَجْمُ أَحْمَدَ الَّذِي يُولَدُ بِهِ فِي هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ. وَرَوَى الْحَافِظُ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ فِي كِتَابِ دَلَائِلِ النُّبُوَّةِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْعَامِرِيِّ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ سُحَيْمٍ، وَرُبَيْحِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي مَالِكِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ يَقُولُ جِئْتُ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْأَشْهَلِ يَوْمًا; لِأَتَحَدَّثَ فِيهِمْ، وَنَحْنُ يَوْمئِذٌ فِي هُدْنَةٍ مِنَ الْحَرْبِ فَسَمِعْتُ يُوشَعَ الْيَهُودِيَّ: يَقُولُ أَظَلَّ خُرُوجُ نَبِيٍّ يُقَالَ لَهُ: أَحْمَدُ يُخْرُجُ مِنَ الْحَرَمِ. فَقَالَ لَهُ خَلِيفَةُ بْنُ ثَعْلَبَةَ الْأَشْهَلِيُّ كَالْمُسْتَهْزِئِ بِهِ مَا صِفَتُهُ ؟ فَقَالَ: رَجُلٌ لَيْسَ بِالْقَصِيرِ وَلَا بِالطَّوِيلِ فِي عَيْنَيْهِ حُمْرَةٌ يَلْبَسُ الشَّمْلَةَ، وَيَرْكَبُ الْحِمَارِ، سَيْفُهُ عَلَى عَاتِقِهِ، وَهَذَا الْبَلَدَ مُهَاجَرُهُ. قَالَ: فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى قَوْمِي بَنِي خُدْرَةَ، وَأَنَا يَوْمَئِذٍ أَتَعَجَّبُ مِمَّا يَقُولُ يُوشَعُ فَأَسْمَعُ رَجُلًا مِنَّا يَقُولُ: وَيُوشَعُ يَقُولُ هَذَا وَحْدَهُ؟! كُلُّ يَهُودَ يَثْرِبَ يَقُولُونَ هَذَا، قَالَ أَبِي مَالِكِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ: فَخَرَجْتُ حَتَّى جِئْتُ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ فَأَجِدُ جَمْعًا فَتَذَاكَرُوا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ بَاطَا: قَدْ طَلَعَ الْكَوْكَبُ الْأَحْمَرُ الَّذِي لَمْ يَطْلُعْ إِلَّا لِخُرُوجِ نَبِيٍّ وَظُهُورِهِ، وَلَمْ يَبْقَ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا أَحْمَدُ، وَهَذَا مُهَاجَرُهُ. قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ: فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَخْبَرَهُ أَبِي هَذَا الْخَبَرَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: لَوْ أَسْلَمَ الزُّبَيْرُ، وَذَوُوهُ مِنْ رُؤَسَاءِ الْيَهُودِ، إِنَّمَا هُمْ لَهُ تَبَعٌ وَقَالَ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ: حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ السِّنْدِيِّ حَدَّثَنَا النَّضْرُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قَيْسِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ عَنْ أُمِّ سَعْدٍ بِنْتِ سَعْدِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ سَمِعْتُ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ يَقُولُ: كَانَ أَحْبَارُ يَهُودِ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ وَالنَّضِيرِ، يَذْكُرُونَ صِفَةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَلَمَّا طَلَعَ الْكَوْكَبُ الْأَحْمَرُ أَخْبَرُوا أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ، وَأَنَّهُ لَا نَبِيَّ بَعْدَهُ، وَاسْمُهُ أَحْمَدُ، وَمُهَاجَرُهُ إِلَى يَثْرِبَ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ أَنْكَرُوا وَحَسَدُوا وَكَفَرُوا. وَقَدْ أَوْرَدَ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةَ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ فِي كِتَابِهِ مِنْ طُرُقٍ أُخْرَى وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ. وَقَالَ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَيَّانَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ حَدَّثَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ بَقِيَّةَ حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ وَيَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَاطِبٍ عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ: قَالَ لِي حَبْرٌ مِنْ أَحْبَارِ الشَّامِ: قَدْ خَرَجَ فِي بَلَدِكَ نَبِيٌّ أَوْ هُوَ خَارِجٌ قَدْ خَرَجَ نَجْمُهُ فَارْجِعْ فَصَدِّقْهُ، وَاتَّبِعْهُ.
Translation
✧ The Signs That Occurred on the Night of the Prophet’s Birth We have already mentioned, in the chapter on the voices of the jinn, what was reported of the falling of many idols on their faces that night and their removal from their places, what the Negus, king of Abyssinia, saw, the appearance of light with him so that the palaces of Syria were illuminated when he was born, his falling prostrate with his head raised toward heaven, the splitting open of that cooking pot from his noble face, the light that was seen in the house where he was born, the stars drawing near to them, and other things. Al-Suhaylī related from the tafsīr of Baqī b. Makhlad al-Ḥāfiẓ that Iblīs let out four cries: when he was cursed, when he was cast down, when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was born, and when al-Fātiḥah was revealed. Muhammad b. Isḥāq said: Hishām b. ʿUrwah used to relate from his father, from ʿĀʾishah, who said: There was a Jew who had settled in Makkah and traded there. On the night in which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was born, he said in a gathering of Quraysh: “O assembly of Quraysh, has a child been born among you tonight?” The people said: “By Allah, we know of none.” He said: “Allah is greatest. Since it has escaped you, no matter. Look and remember what I say to you: Tonight there has been born the Prophet of this last community. Between his shoulder blades there is a mark containing hairs that are close together, like a horse’s mane. He will not suckle for two nights; that is because an ʿifrīt from the jinn put his finger in his mouth and prevented him from suckling.” The people dispersed from their gathering, amazed at his words and his report. When they went to their homes, each man among them told his family, and they said: “By Allah, a boy has been born to ʿAbd Allah b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib; they have named him Muhammad.” The people met and said: “Have you heard the Jew’s report? Has news of this boy’s birth reached you?” Then they went to the Jew and informed him of the news. He said: “Come with me so I may look at him.” They went with him and brought him in to Āminah, and said: “Bring out your son to us.” She brought him out, and they uncovered his back for the Jew. He saw that mole and fell down in a swoon. When he recovered, they said to him: “What is the matter with you? Woe to you!” He said: “By Allah, prophethood has departed from the Children of Israel. Are you pleased with it, O assembly of Quraysh? By Allah, he will strike you with a blow whose news will spread from the east to the west.” And Muhammad b. Isḥāq said: Ṣāliḥ b. Ibrāhīm narrated to me, from Yaḥyā b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Asʿad b. Zurārah, who said: Whoever I wished among the men of my people, whom I do not suspect, narrated to me from Ḥassān b. Thābit, who said: I was a young boy, seven or eight years old, and I understood what I saw and heard, when a Jew in Yathrib cried out one morning: “O assembly of Jews!” They gathered around him while I listened. They said: “Woe to you, what is the matter?” He said: “The star of Ahmad has risen, the one with which he is born tonight.” Al-Ḥāfiẓ Abū Nuʿaym narrated in his book Dalāʾil al-Nubuwwah from the ḥadīth of Abū Bakr b. ʿAbd Allah al-ʿĀmirī, from Sulaymān b. Suḥaym and Rubayḥ b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, both from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Saʿīd, from his father, who said: I heard my father Mālik b. Sinān say: One day I came to the Banū ʿAbd al-Ashhal to talk with them, while we were at that time in a truce from war, and I heard Yūshaʿ the Jew saying: “A prophet is about to appear, called Ahmad, who will come out from the Ḥaram.” Khalīfah b. Thaʿlabah al-Ashhalī said to him, as if mocking him: “What is his description?” He said: “A man neither short nor tall, with redness in his eyes, who wears a striped cloak and rides a donkey, his sword on his shoulder. This town is his place of emigration.” He said: I returned to my people, the Banū Khudrah, while I was at that time amazed at what Yūshaʿ was saying. I heard a man among us saying: “Does Yūshaʿ say this alone? All the Jews of Yathrib say this.” My father Mālik b. Sinān said: I went out until I came to the Banū Qurayẓah and found a gathering. They were discussing the Prophet ﷺ, and al-Zubayr b. Bāṭā said: “The red star has risen, which has never risen except for the emergence of a prophet and his appearance. None remains but Ahmad, and this is his place of emigration.” Abū Saʿīd said: When the Prophet ﷺ arrived, my father told him this news, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “If al-Zubayr and those like him among the Jewish leaders had embraced Islam, they would have been followed by the rest.” And Abū Nuʿaym said: ʿUmar b. Muhammad narrated to us; Ibrāhīm b. al-Sindī narrated to us; al-Naḍr b. Salamah narrated to us; Ismāʿīl b. Qays b. Sulaymān b. Zayd b. Thābit narrated to us, from Umm Saʿd bt. Saʿd b. al-Rabīʿ: I heard Zayd b. Thābit saying: The rabbis of the Jews of Banū Qurayẓah and al-Naḍīr used to mention the description of the Prophet ﷺ. When the red star rose, they reported that he was a prophet, that there would be no prophet after him, that his name was Ahmad, and that his emigration would be to Yathrib. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to Madinah, they denied it, envied him, and disbelieved. Al-Ḥāfiẓ Abū Nuʿaym cited this story in his book through other chains, and praise belongs to Allah. And Abū Nuʿaym said: Abū Muhammad b. Ḥayyān narrated to us; Abū Bakr b. Abī ʿĀṣim narrated to us; Wahb b. Baqiyyah narrated to us; Khālid narrated to us, from Muhammad b. ʿAmr, from Abū Salamah and Yaḥyā b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Ḥāṭib, from Usāmah b. Zayd, who said: Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl said: A rabbi among the rabbis of Syria said to me: “A prophet has already emerged in your land, or is about to emerge. His star has risen. Go back and believe in him and follow him.”
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.