Dalil
العربية

Tarikh (al-Tabari) 632

Genealogy of Our Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and Some Accounts of His Forefathers and Ancestors

زيد بن عمرو بن نفيل زَيْدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ   ؓ هُوَ زَيْدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى بْنِ رِيَاحِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ قُرْطِ بْنِ رَزَاحِ بْنِ عَدِيِّ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ لُؤَيٍّ الْقُرَشِيُّ الْعَدَوِيُّ وَكَانَ الْخَطَّابُ - وَالِدُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ - عَمَّهُ وَأَخَاهُ لِأُمِّهِ، وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ نُفَيْلٍ كَانَ قَدْ خَلَفَ عَلَى امْرَأَةِ أَبِيهِ بَعْدَ أَبِيهِ وَكَانَ لَهَا مِنْ نُفَيْلٍ أَخُوهُ الْخَطَّابُ قَالَهُ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ ومُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَكَانَ زَيْدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو قَدْ تَرَكَ عِبَادَةَ الْأَوْثَانِ، وَفَارَقَ دِينَهُمْ وَكَانَ لَا يَأْكُلُ إِلَّا مَا ذُبِحَ عَلَى اسْمِ اللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ قَالَ يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ حَدَّثَنِي هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَتْ لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ زَيْدَ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ مُسْنِدًا ظَهْرَهُ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ يَقُولُ: يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ زَيْدٍ بِيَدِهِ مَا أَصْبَحَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ عَلَى دِينِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ غَيْرِي، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي لَوْ أَعْلَمُ أَحَبَّ الْوُجُوهِ إِلَيْكَ عَبَدْتُكَ بِهِ، وَلَكِنِّي لَا أَعْلَمُ، ثُمَّ يَسْجُدُ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو أُسَامَةَ عَنْ هِشَامٍ بِهِ، وَزَادَ وَكَانَ يُصَلِّي إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ، وَيَقُولُ: إِلَهِي إِلَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَدِينِي دِينُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَكَانَ يُحْيِي الْمَوْءُودَةَ، وَيَقُولُ لِلرَّجُلِ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ ابْنَتَهُ: لَا تَقْتُلْهَا ادْفَعْهَا إِلَيَّ أَكْفُلْهَا فَإِذَا تَرَعْرَعَتْ قَالَ: إِنْ شِئْتَ فَخُذْهَا، وَإِنْ شِئْتَ فَادْفَعْهَا أَخْرَجَهُ النَّسَائِيُّ مِنْ طَرِيقِ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ، وَعَلَّقَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فَقَالَ: وَقَالَ اللَّيْثُ: كَتَبَ إِلَىَّ هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ بِهِ. وَقَالَ يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ: وَقَدْ كَانَ نَفَرٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ; زَيْدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ، وَوَرَقَةُ بْنُ نَوْفَلِ بْنِ أَسَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ الْحُوَيْرِثِ بْنِ أَسَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى، وَعُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشِ بْنِ رِئَابِ بْنِ يَعْمَرَ بْنِ صَبِرَةَ بْنِ مُرَّةَ بْنِ كَبِيرِ بْنِ غَنْمِ بْنِ دُودَانَ بْنِ أَسَدِ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، وَأُمُّهُ أُمَيْمَةُ بِنْتُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَأُخْتُهُ زَيْنَبُ بِنْتُ جَحْشٍ - الَّتِي تَزَوَّجَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَ مَوْلَاهُ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ كَمَا سَيَأْتِي بَيَانُهُ - حَضَرُوا قُرَيْشًا عِنْدَ، وَثَنٍ لَهُمْ كَانُوا يَذْبَحُونَ عِنْدَهُ لِعِيدٍ مِنْ أَعْيَادِهِمْ فَلَمَّا اجْتَمَعُوا خَلَا بَعْضُ أُولَئِكَ النَّفَرِ إِلَى بَعْضٍ، وَقَالُوا: تَصَادَقُوا، وَلْيَكْتُمْ بَعْضُكُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ فَقَالَ قَائِلُهُمْ: تَعْلَمُنَّ وَاللَّهِ مَا قَوْمُكُمْ عَلَى شَيْءٍ، لَقَدْ أَخْطَئُوا دِينَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَخَالَفُوهُ مَا وَثَنٌ يُعْبَدُ لَا يَضُرُّ وَلَا يَنْفَعُ؟! فَابْتَغُوا لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ. فَخَرَجُوا يَطْلُبُونَ، وَيَسِيرُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ يَلْتَمِسُونَ أَهْلَ كِتَابٍ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى وَالْمِلَلِ كُلِّهَا، يَسْأَلُونَهُمُ الْحَنِيفِيَّةَ دِينَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ. فَأَمَّا وَرَقَةُ بْنُ نَوْفَلٍ فَتَنَصَّرَ، وَاسْتَحْكَمَ فِي النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ، وَابْتَغَى الْكُتُبَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا حَتَّى عَلِمَ عِلْمًا كَثِيرًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِمْ أَعْدَلُ أَمْرًا، وَأَعْدَلُ شَأْنًا مِنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ اعْتَزَلَ الْأَوْثَانَ، وَفَارَقَ الْأَدْيَانَ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى وَالْمِلَلِ كُلِّهَا، إِلَّا دِينَ الْحَنِيفِيَّةِ دِينَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ يُوَحِّدُ اللَّهَ، وَيَخْلَعُ مَنْ دُونَهُ وَلَا يَأْكُلُ ذَبَائِحَ قَوْمِهِ بَادَاهُمْ بِالْفِرَاقِ لِمَا هُمْ فِيهِ. قَالَ: وَكَانَ الْخَطَّابُ قَدْ آذَاهُ أَذًى كَثِيرًا حَتَّى خَرَجَ مِنْهُ إِلَى أَعْلَى مَكَّةَ، وَوَكَّلَ بِهِ الْخَطَّابُ شَبَابًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، وَسُفَهَاءَ مِنْ سُفَهَائِهِمْ فَقَالَ: لَا تَتْرُكُوهُ يَدْخُلُ مَكَّةَ فَكَانَ لَا يَدْخُلُهَا إِلَّا سِرًّا مِنْهُمْ فَإِذَا عَلِمُوا بِهِ أَخْرَجُوهُ، وَآذَوْهُ كَرَاهِيَةَ أَنْ يُفْسِدَ عَلَيْهِمْ دِينَهُمْ أَوْ يُتَابِعَهُ أَحَدٌ إِلَى مَا هُوَ عَلَيْهِ. وَقَالَ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ سَمِعْتُ مَنْ أَرْضَى يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ كَانَ يَعِيبُ عَلَى قُرَيْشٍ ذَبَائِحَهُمْ، وَيَقُولُ: الشَّاةُ خَلَقَهَا اللَّهُ، وَأَنْزَلَ لَهَا مِنَ الَسَّمَاءِ مَاءً، وَأَنْبَتَ لَهَا مِنَ الَأَرْضِ لِمَ تَذْبَحُوهَا عَلَى غَيْرِ اسْمِ اللَّهِ ؟ إِنْكَارًا لِذَلِكَ وَإِعْظَامًا لَهُ. وَقَالَ يُونُسُ عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ وَقَدْ كَانَ زَيْدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ قَدْ عَزَمَ عَلَى الْخُرُوجِ مِنْ مَكَّةَ يَضْرِبُ فِي الْأَرْضِ يَطْلُبُ الْحَنِيفِيَّةَ دِينَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَكَانَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ صَفِيَّةُ بِنْتُ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ كُلَّمَا أَبْصَرَتْهُ قَدْ نَهَضَ لِلْخُرُوجِ، وَأَرَادَهُ آذَنَتِ الْخَطَّابَ بْنَ نُفَيْلٍ فَخَرَجَ زَيْدٌ إِلَى الشَّامِ يَلْتَمِسُ وَيَطْلُبُ فِي أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ الْأَوَّلِ دِينَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَيَسْأَلُ عَنْهُ، وَلَمْ يَزَلْ فِي ذَلِكَ، - فِيمَا يَزْعُمُونَ - حَتَّى أَتَى الْمَوْصِلَ وَالْجَزِيرَةَ كُلَّهَا، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ حَتَّى أَتَى الشَّامَ فَجَالَ فِيهَا حَتَّى أَتَى رَاهِبًا بِبَيْعَةٍ مِنْ أَرْضِ الْبَلْقَاءِ كَانَ يَنْتَهِي إِلَيْهِ عِلْمُ النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ، - فِيمَا يَزْعُمُونَ - فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ الْحَنِيفِيَّةِ دِينِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّاهِبُ: إِنَّكَ لَتَسْأَلُ عَنْ دِينٍ مَا أَنْتَ بِوَاجِدٍ مَنْ يَحْمِلُكُ عَلَيْهِ الْيَوْمَ لَقَدْ دَرَسَ مِنْ عَلِمَهُ، وَذَهَبَ مَنْ كَانَ يَعْرِفُهُ، وَلَكِنَّهُ قَدْ أَظَلَّكَ خُرُوجُ نَبِيٍّ. وَهَذَا زَمَانُهُ وَقَدْ كَانَ شَامَ الْيَهُودِيَّةَ وَالنَّصْرَانِيَّةَ فَلَمْ يَرْضَ شَيْئًا مِنْهَا فَخَرَجَ سَرِيعًا حِينَ قَالَ لَهُ الرَّاهِبُ مَا قَالَ يُرِيدُ مَكَّةَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِأَرْضِ لَخْمٍ عَدَوْا عَلَيْهِ فَقَتَلُوهُ. فَقَالَ وَرَقَةُ يَرْثِيهِ: رَشَدْتَ وأَنْعَمْتَ ابْنَ عَمْرٍو، وَإِنَّمَا تَجَنَّبْتَ تَنُّورًا مِنَ النَّارِ حَامِيًا     بِدِينِكَ رَبًّا لَيْسَ رَبٌّ كَمِثْلِهِ وَتَرْكِكَ أَوْثَانَ الطَّوَاغِي كَمَا هِيَا     وَقَدْ تُدْرِكُ الْإِنْسَانَ رَحْمَةُ رَبِّهِ وَلَوْ كَانَ تَحْتَ الْأَرْضِ سِتِّينَ وَادِيًا وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ طَارِقٍ الْوَابِشِيُّ ثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَطِيَّةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَعَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَتَأَلَّهُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَانْطَلَقَ حَتَّى أَتَى رَجُلًا مِنَ الْيَهُودِ فَقَالَ لَهُ: أُحِبُّ أَنْ تُدْخِلَنِي مَعَكَ فِي دِينِكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْيَهُودِيُّ: لَا أُدْخِلُكَ فِي دِينِي حَتَّى تَبُوءَ بِنَصِيبِكَ مِنْ غَضَبِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ: مِنْ غَضَبِ اللَّهِ أَفِرُّ. فَانْطَلَقَ حَتَّى أَتَى نَصْرَانِيًّا فَقَالَ لَهُ: أُحِبُّ أَنْ تُدْخِلَنِي مَعَكَ فِي دِينِكَ فَقَالَ: لَسْتُ أُدْخِلُكَ فِي دِينِي حَتَّى تَبُوءَ بِنَصِيبِكَ مِنَ الَضَّلَالَةِ. فَقَالَ: مِنَ الَضَّلَالَةِ أَفِرُّ. قَالَ لَهُ النَّصْرَانِيُّ: فَإِنِّي أَدُلُّكَ عَلَى دِينٍ إِنِ اتَّبَعْتَهُ اهْتَدَيْتَ قَالَ: أَيُّ دِينٍ ؟ قَالَ: دِينُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ. قَالَ: فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُشْهِدُكَ أَنِّي عَلَى دِينِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ أَحْيَا وَعَلَيْهِ أَمُوتُ. قَالَ: فَذُكِرَ شَأْنُهُ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ هُوَ أُمَّةٌ وَحْدَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ. وَقَدْ رَوَى مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ عَنْ سَالِمٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ نَحْوَ هَذَا، وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَيْفٍ الْقُرَشِيُّ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مُجَالِدٍ عَنْ مُجَالِدٍ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: قَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ: شَامَمْتُ الْيَهُودِيَّةَ وَالنَّصْرَانِيَّةَ فَكَرِهْتُهُمَا فَكُنْتُ بِالشَّامِ وَمَا وَالَاهُ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُ رَاهِبًا فِي صَوْمَعَةٍ فَذَكَرْتُ لَهُ اغْتِرَابِي عَنْ قَوْمِي، وَكَرَاهَتِي عِبَادَةَ الْأَوْثَانِ وَالْيَهُودِيَّةَ وَالنَّصْرَانِيَّةَ، فَقَالَ لِي: أَرَاكَ تُرِيدُ دَيْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ يَا أَخَا أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ إِنَّكَ لَتَطْلُبُ دِينًا مَا يُوجَدُ الْيَوْمَ أَحَدٌ يَدِينُ بِهِ، وَهُوَ دِينُ أَبِيكَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ كَانَ حَنِيفًا لَمْ يَكُنْ يَهُودِيًّا وَلَا نَصْرَانِيًّا، كَانَ يُصَلِّي وَيَسْجُدُ إِلَى هَذَا الْبَيْتِ الَّذِي بِبِلَادِكَ، فَالْحَقْ بِبَلَدِكَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْعَثُ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ فِي بَلَدِكَ مَنْ يَأْتِي بِدِينِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنِيفِيَّةِ وَهُوَ أَكْرَمُ الْخَلْقِ عَلَى اللَّهِ. وقَالَ يُونُسُ عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ حَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ آلِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ: إِنَّ زَيْدًا كَانَ إِذَا دَخَلَ الْكَعْبَةَ قَالَ: لَبَّيْكَ حَقًّا حَقًّا تَعَبُّدًا وَرِقًّا، عُذْتُ بِمَا عَاذَ بِهِ إِبْرَاهِيمُ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ إِذْ قَالَ: أَنْفِي لَكَ اللَّهُمَّ عَانٍ رَاغِمُ     مَهْمَا تُجَشِّمْنِي فَإِنِّي جَاشِمُ الْبِرَّ أَبْغِي لَا الْخَالَ     لَيْسَ مُهَجِّرٌ كَمَنْ قَالَ وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا الْمَسْعُودِيُّ عَنْ نُفَيْلِ بْنِ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ الْعَدَوِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو، وَوَرَقَةَ بْنَ نَوْفَلٍ خَرَجًا يَلْتَمِسَانِ الدِّينَ حَتَّى انْتَهَيَا إِلَى رَاهِبٍ بِالْمَوْصِلِ فَقَالَ لِزَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو: مِنْ أَيْنَ أَقْبَلْتَ يَا صَاحِبَ الْبَعِيرِ ؟ فَقَالَ: مِنْ بَنِيَّةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فَقَالَ: وَمَا تَلْتَمِسُ ؟ قَالَ: أَلْتَمِسُ الدِّينَ قَالَ: ارْجِعْ فَإِنَّهُ يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَظْهَرَ فِي أَرْضِكَ. قَالَ: فَأَمَّا وَرَقَةُ فَتَنَصَّرَ، وَأَمَّا أَنَا فَعَزَمْتُ عَلَى النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ فَلَمْ يُوَافِقْنِي فَرَجَعَ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: لَبَّيْكَ حَقًّا حَقًّا     تَعَبُّدًا وَرِقًّا الْبِرَّ أَبْغِي لَا حِلَالْ     فَهَلْ مُهَجِّرٌ كَمَنْ قَالَ آمَنْتُ بِمَا آمَنَ بِهِ إِبْرَاهِيمُ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ أَنْفِي لَكَ اللَّهُمَّ عَانٍ رَاغِمُ     مَهْمَا تُجَشِّمْنِي فَإِنِّي جَاشِمُ ثُمَّ يَخِرُّ فَيَسْجُدُ. قَالَ: وَجَاءَ ابْنُهُ - يَعْنِي سَعِيدَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ أَحَدَ الْعَشْرَةِ ؓ - فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ أَبِي كَمَا رَأَيْتَ وَكَمَا بَلَغَكَ فَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُ. قَالَ نَعَمْ فَإِنَّهُ يُبْعَثُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أُمَّةً وَحْدَهُ قَالَ: وَأَتَى زَيْدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَعَهُ زَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ، وَهُمَا يَأْكُلَانِ مِنْ سُفْرَةٍ لَهُمَا فَدَعَوَاهُ لِطَعَامِهِمَا فَقَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو: يَا ابْنَ أَخِي أَنَا لَا آكُلُ مِمَّا ذُبِحَ عَلَى النُّصُبِ. وقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ ابْنُ أَبِيِ سَبْرَةَ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ عَنْ حُجَيْرِ بْنِ أَبِيِ إِهَابٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ زَيْدَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو، وَأَنَا عِنْدَ صَنَمِ بُوَانَةَ بَعْدَمَا رَجَعَ مِنَ الشَّامِ وَهُوَ يُرَاقِبُ الشَّمْسَ فَإِذَا زَالَتِ اسْتَقْبَلَ الْكَعْبَةَ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَةً سَجْدَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: هَذِهِ قُبْلَةُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ، لَا أَعْبُدُ حَجَرًا وَلَا أُصَلِّي لَهُ وَلَا آكُلُ مَا ذُبِحَ لَهُ وَلَا أَسْتَقْسِمُ بِالْأَزْلَامِ، وَإِنَّمَا أُصَلِّي إِلَى هَذَا الْبَيْتِ حَتَّى أَمُوتَ وَكَانَ يَحُجُّ فَيَقِفُ بِعَرَفَةَ وَكَانَ يُلَبِّي فَيَقُولُ: لَبَّيْكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ وَلَا نِدَّ لَكَ، ثُمَّ يَدْفَعُ مِنْ عَرَفَةَ مَاشِيًا وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: لَبَّيْكَ مُتَعَبِّدًا مَرْقُوقًا. وَقَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ عِيسَى الْحَكَمِيُّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ زَيْدَ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ يَقُولُ: أَنَا أَنْتَظِرُ نَبِيًّا مِنْ وَلَدِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثُمَّ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَلَا أَرَانِي أُدْرِكُهُ وَأَنَا أُؤْمِنُ بِهِ وَأُصَدِّقُهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ فَإِنْ طَالَتْ بِكَ مُدَّةٌ فَرَأَيْتَهُ فَأَقْرِئْهُ مِنِّي السَّلَامَ، وَسَأُخْبِرُكَ مَا نَعْتُهُ حَتَّى لَا يَخْفَى عَلَيْكَ. قُلْتُ: هَلُمَّ قَالَ: هُوَ رَجُلٌ لَيْسَ بِالطَّوِيلِ وَلَا بِالْقَصِيرِ وَلَا بِكَثِيرِ الشَّعَرِ وَلَا بِقَلِيلِهِ، وَلَيْسَتْ تُفَارِقُ عَيْنَهُ حُمْرَةٌ، وَخَاتَمُ النُّبُوَّةِ بَيْنَ كَتِفَيْهِ، وَاسْمُهُ أَحْمَدُ. وَهَذَا الْبَلَدُ مَوْلِدُهُ وَمَبْعَثُهُ ثُمَّ يُخْرِجُهُ قَوْمُهُ مِنْهَا، وَيَكْرَهُونَ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ حَتَّى يُهَاجِرَ إِلَى يَثْرِبَ فَيَظْهَرُ أَمْرُهُ فَإِيَّاكَ أَنْ تُخْدَعَ عَنْهُ فَإِنِّي طُفْتُ الْبِلَادَ كُلَّهَا أَطْلُبُ دِينَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فَكَانَ مَنْ أَسْأَلُ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى وَالْمَجُوسِ، يَقُولُونَ: هَذَا الدِّينُ وَرَاءَكَ، وَيَنْعَتُونَهُ مِثْلَ مَا نَعَتُّهُ لَكَ، وَيَقُولُونَ: لَمْ يَبْقَ نَبِيٌّ غَيْرُهُ. قَالَ عَامِرُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ: فَلَمَّا أَسْلَمْتُ أَخْبَرْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَوْلَ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو، وَأَقْرَأْتُهُ مِنْهُ السَّلَامَ فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامَ وَتَرَحَّمَ عَلَيْهِ، وَقَالَ: قَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ يَسْحَبُ ذُيُولًا. وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي صَحِيحِهِ: ذِكْرُ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا فُضَيْلُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ حَدَّثَنِي سَالِمٌ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَقِيَ زَيْدَ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ بِأَسْفَلِ بَلْدَحَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْوَحْيُ فَقُدِّمَتْ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ سُفْرَةٌ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَأْكُلَ مِنْهَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ زَيْدٌ: إِنِّي لَسْتُ آكُلَ مِمَّا تَذْبَحُونَ عَلَى أَنَصَابِكُمْ وَلَا آكُلُ إِلَّا مَا ذُكِرَ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَإِنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو كَانَ يَعِيبُ عَلَى قُرَيْشٍ ذَبَائِحَهُمْ، وَيَقُولُ: الشَّاةُ خَلَقَهَا اللَّهُ، وَأَنْزَلَ لَهَا مِنَ الَسَّمَاءِ مَاءً، وَأَنْبَتَ لَهَا مِنَ الَأَرْضِ، ثُمَّ يَذْبَحُونَهَا عَلَى غَيْرِ اسْمِ اللَّهِ إِنْكَارًا لِذَلِكَ، وَإِعْظَامًا لَهُ. قَالَ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، وَحَدَّثَنِي سَالِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ - وَلَا أَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا يُحَدِّثُ بِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ - أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ خَرَجَ إِلَى الشَّامِ يَسْأَلُ عَنِ الدِّينِ، وَيَتْبَعُهُ فَلَقِيَ عَالِمًا مِنَ الْيَهُودِ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ دِينِهِمْ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي لَعَلِّي أَنْ أَدِينَ دِينَكُمْ فَأَخْبِرْنِي فَقَالَ: إِنَّكَ لَا تَكُونُ عَلَى دِينِنَا حَتَّى تَأْخُذَ نَصِيبَكَ مِنْ غَضَبِ اللَّهِ قَالَ زَيْدٌ: وَمَا أَفِرُّ إِلَّا مِنْ غَضَبِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَلَا أَحْمِلُ مِنْ غَضَبِ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا أَسْتَطِيعُهُ فَهَلْ تَدُلُّنِي عَلَى غَيْرِهِ ؟ قَالَ: مَا أَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ حَنِيفًا قَالَ زَيْدٌ: وَمَا الْحَنِيفُ ؟ قَالَ: دِينُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَهُودِيًّا وَلَا نَصْرَانِيًّا وَلَا يَعْبُدُ إِلَّا اللَّهَ فَخَرَجَ زَيْدٌ فَلَقِيَ عَالِمًا مِنَ النَّصَارَى، فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَهُ; فَقَالَ: لَنْ تَكُونَ عَلَى دِينِنَا حَتَّى تَأْخُذَ بِنَصِيبِكَ مِنْ لَعْنَةِ اللَّهِ. قَالَ: مَا أَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ حَنِيفًا قَالَ: وَمَا الْحَنِيفُ ؟ قَالَ: دِينُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ. لَمْ يَكُنْ يَهُودِيًّا وَلَا نَصْرَانِيًّا وَلَا يَعْبُدُ إِلَّا اللَّهَ فَلَمَّا رَأَى زَيْدٌ قَوْلَهُمْ فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ خَرَجَ فَلَمَّا بَرَزَ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُشْهِدُكَ أَنِّي عَلَى دِينِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: وَقَالَ اللَّيْثُ: كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَتْ: رَأَيْتُ زَيْدَ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ قَائِمًا، مُسْنِدًا ظَهْرَهُ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ يَقُولُ: يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ وَاللَّهِ مَا مِنْكُمْ عَلَى دِينِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ غَيْرِي وَكَانَ يُحْيِي الْمَوْءُودَةَ يَقُولُ لِلرَّجُلِ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ ابْنَتَهُ: لَا تَقْتُلْهَا أَنَا أَكْفِيكَ مُؤْنَتَهَا فَيَأْخُذُهَا فَإِذَا تَرَعْرَعَتْ قَالَ لِأَبِيهَا: إِنْ شِئْتَ دَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْكَ، وَإِنْ شِئْتَ كَفَيْتُكَ مُؤْنَتَهَا انْتَهَى مَا ذَكَرَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ. وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ الْأَخِيرُ قَدْ أَسْنَدَهُ الْحَافِظُ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ مِنْ طَرِيقِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ اللَّيْثِ عَنْ هِشَامٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَهُ، وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ قَالَتْ: سَمِعْتُ زَيْدَ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ وَهُوَ مُسْنِدٌ ظَهْرَهُ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ يَقُولُ: يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ إِيَّاكُمْ وَالزِّنَا فَإِنَّهُ يُورِثُ الْفَقْرَ. وَقَدْ سَاقَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ هَاهُنَا أَحَادِيثَ غَرِيبَةً جِدًّا، وَفِي بَعْضِهَا نَكَارَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ، ثُمَّ أَوْرَدَ مِنْ طُرُقٍ مُتَعَدِّدَةٍ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يُبْعَثُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أُمَّةً وَحْدَهُ فَمِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الصَّفَّارُ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْأُمَوِيُّ عَنْ مُجَالِدٍ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَسْتَقْبِلُ الْقِبْلَةَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَيَقُولُ: إِلَهِي إِلَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَدِينِي دِينُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَيَسْجُدُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: يُحْشَرُ ذَاكَ أُمَّةً وَحْدَهُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ عِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ إِسْنَادُهُ جَيِّدٌ حَسَنٌ. وَقَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: حَدَّثَنِي مُوسَى بْنُ شَيْبَةَ عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيَّبِ يَذْكُرُ زَيْدَ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ فَقَالَ: تُوُفِّيَ، وَقُرَيْشٌ تَبْنِي الْكَعْبَةَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْوَحْيُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِخَمْسِ سِنِينَ، وَلَقَدْ نَزَلَ بِهِ، وَإِنَّهُ لَيَقُولُ: أَنَا عَلَى دِينِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فَأَسْلَمَ ابْنُهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، وَاتَّبَعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَتَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلَاهُ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ فَقَالَ: غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ وَرَحِمَهُ; فَإِنَّهُ مَاتَ عَلَى دِينِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ. قَالَ: فَكَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ، لَا يَذْكُرُهُ ذَاكِرٌ مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا تَرَحَّمَ عَلَيْهِ، وَاسْتَغْفَرَ لَهُ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ وَغَفَرَ لَهُ. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنِ الْوَاقِدِيِّ حَدَّثَنِي زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى السَّعْدِيُّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: مَاتَ زَيْدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ بِمَكَّةَ، وَدُفِنَ بِأَصْلِ حِرَاءَ. وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ أَنَّهُ مَاتَ بِأَرْضِ الْبَلْقَاءِ مِنَ الشَّامِ لَمَّا عَدَا عَلَيْهِ قَوْمٌ مِنْ بَنِي لَخْمٍ فَقَتَلُوهُ بِمَكَانٍ يُقَالَ لَهُ: مَيْفَعَةُ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَقَالَ الْبَاغَنْدِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْأَشَجِّ عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنْ هِشَامٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: دَخَلْتُ الْجَنَّةَ فَرَأَيْتُ لِزَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ دَوْحَتَيْنِ. وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ جَيِّدٌ، وَلَيْسَ هُوَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الَكُتُبِ. وَمِنْ شِعْرِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ مَا قَدَّمْنَاهُ فِي بَدْءِ الْخَلْقِ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْقَصِيدَةِ إِلَى اللَّهِ أَهْدِي مِدْحَتِي وَثَنَائِيَا وَقَوْلًا رَضِيًّا لَا يَنِي الدَّهْرَ بَاقِيًا إِلَى الْمَلِكِ الْأَعْلَى الَّذِي لَيْسَ فَوْقَهُ إِلَهٌ وَلَا رَبٌّ يَكُونُ مُدَانِيَا وَقَدْ قِيلَ: إِنَّهَا لِأُمَيَّةَ بْنِ أَبِي الصَّلْتِ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَمِنْ شِعْرِهِ فِي التَّوْحِيدِ، مَا حَكَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَالزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ وَغَيْرُهُمَا: وَأَسْلَمْتُ وَجْهِي لِمَنْ أَسْلَمَتْ لَهُ الْأَرْضُ تَحْمِلُ صَخْرًا ثِقَالًا دَحَاهَا فَلَمَّا اسْتَوتْ شَدَّهَا سَوَاءً وَأَرْسَى عَلَيْهَا الْجِبَالَا وَأَسْلَمْتُ وَجْهِي لِمَنْ أَسْلَمَتْ لَهُ الْمُزْنُ تَحْمِلُ عَذْبًا زُلَالَا إِذَا هِيَ سِيقَتْ إِلَى بَلْدَةٍ أَطَاعَتْ فَصَبَّتْ عَلَيْهَا سِجَالَا وَأَسْلَمْتُ وَجْهِي لِمَنْ أَسْلَمَتْ لَهُ الرِّيحُ تُصْرَفُ حَالًا فَحَالَا وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنِي هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ قَالَ: رَوَى أَبِي أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو قَالَ أَرَبًّا وَاحِدًا أَمْ أَلْفَ رَبٍّ أَدِينُ إِذَا تَقَسَّمَتِ الْأُمُورُ عَزَلْتُ اللَّاتَ وَالْعُزَّى جَمِيعًا كَذَلِكَ يَفْعَلُ الْجَلْدُ الصَّبُورُ فَلَا الْعُزَّى أَدِينُ وَلَا ابْنَتَيْهَا وَلَا صَنَمَيْ بَنِي عَمْرٍو أَزُورُ وَلَا هُبَلًا أَدِينُ وَكَانَ رَبًّا لَنَا فِي الدَّهْرِ إِذْ حِلْمِي يَسِيرُ عَجِبْتُ وَفِي اللَّيَالِي مُعْجِبَاتٌ وَفِي الْأَيَّامِ يَعْرِفُهَا الْبَصِيرُ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَفْنَى رِجَالًا كَثِيرًا كَانَ شَأْنَهُمُ الْفُجُورُ وَأَبْقَى آخَرِينَ بِبِرِّ قَوْمٍ فَيَرْبِلُ مِنْهُمُ الطِّفْلُ الصَّغِيرُ وَبَيْنَا الْمَرْءُ يَعْثُرُ ثَابَ يَوْمًا كَمَا يَتَرَوَّحُ الْغُصْنُ الْمَطِيرُ وَلَكِنْ أَعْبُدُ الرَّحْمَنَ رَبِّي لِيَغْفِرَ ذَنْبِيَ الرَّبُّ الْغَفُورُ فَتَقْوَى اللَّهِ رَبِّكُمُ احْفَظُوهَا مَتَى مَا تَحْفَظُوهَا لَا تَبُورُوا تَرَى الْأَبْرَارَ دَارُهُمُ جِنَانٌ وَلِلْكُفَّارِ حَامِيَةٌ سَعِيرُ وَخِزْيٌ فِي الْحَيَاةِ وَإِنْ يَمُوتُوا يُلَاقُوا مَا تَضِيقُ بِهِ الصُّدُورُ هَذَا تَمَامُ مَا ذَكَرَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْقَصِيدَةِ وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْبَغَوِيُّ عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ قَالَ: قَالَ هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَتْ: قَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ: عَزَلْتُ الْجِنَّ وَالْجِنَّانَ عَنِّي     كَذَلِكَ يَفْعَلُ الْجَلْدُ الصَّبُورُ فَلَا الْعُزَّى أَدِينُ وَلَا ابْنَتَيْهَا     وَلَا صَنَمَيْ بَنِي طَسْمٍ أُدِيرُ وَلَا غُنْمًا أَدِينُ وَكَانَ رَبًّا لَنَا فِي الدَّهْرِ إِذْ حِلْمِي صَغِيرُ     أَرَبًّا وَاحِدًا أَمْ أَلْفَ رَبٍّ أَدِينُ إِذَا تُقُسِّمَتِ الْأُمُورُ     أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ أَفْنَى رِجَالًا كَانَ شَأْنَهُمُ الْفُجُورُ     وَأَبْقَى آخَرِينَ بِبِرِّ قَوْمٍ فَيَرْبُو مِنْهُمُ الطِّفْلُ الصَّغِيرُ     وَبَيْنَا الْمَرْءُ يَعْثُرُ ثَابَ يَوْمًا كَمَا يَتَرَوَّحُ الْغُصْنُ النَّضِيرُ قَالَتْ: فَقَالَ وَرَقَةُ بْنُ نُوفَلٍ:: رَشَدْتَ وَأَنْعَمْتَ ابْنَ عَمْرٍو وَإِنَّمَا     تَجَنَّبْتَ تَنُّورًا مِنَ النَّارِ حَامِيًا لِدِينِكَ رَبًّا لَيْسَ رَبٌّ كَمِثْلِهِ     وَتَرْكِكَ جِنَانَ الْجِبَالِ كَمَا هِيَا أَقُولُ إِذَا أُهْبِطْتُ أَرْضًا مَخُوفَةً     حَنَانَيْكَ لَا تُظْهِرْ عَلَىَّ الْأَعَادِيَا حَنَانَيْكَ إِنَّ الْجِنَّ كَانَتْ رَجَاءَهُمْ     وَأَنْتَ إِلَهِي رَبَّنَا وَرَجَائِيَا لَتَدَّرِكَنَّ الْمَرْءَ رَحْمَةُ رَبِّهِ     وَإِنْ كَانَ تَحْتَ الْأَرْضِ سَبْعِينَ وَادِيًا أَدِينُ لِرَبٍّ يَسْتَجِيبُ وَلَا أَرَى     أَدِينُ لِمَنْ لَا يَسْمَعُ الدَّهْرَ دَاعِيًا أَقُولُ إِذَا صَلَّيْتُ فِي كُلِّ بَيْعَةٍ     تَبَارَكْتَ قَدْ أَكْثَرْتُ بِاسْمِكَ دَاعِيًا تَقَدَّمَ أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ، خَرَجَ إِلَى الشَّامِ هُوَ وَوَرَقَةُ بْنُ نَوْفَلٍ، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ الْحُوَيْرِثِ، وَعُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ فَتَنَصَّرُوا إِلَّا زَيْدًا فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الَأَدْيَانِ، بَلْ بَقِيَ عَلَى فِطْرَتِهِ; مِنْ عِبَادَةِ اللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ مُتَّبِعًا مَا أَمْكَنَهُ مِنْ دِينِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَى مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ، وَأَمَّا وَرَقَةُ بْنُ نَوْفَلٍ فَسَيَأْتِي خَبَرُهُ فِي أَوَّلِ الْمَبْعَثِ، وَأَمَّا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ الْحُوَيْرِثِ فَأَقَامَ بِالشَّامِ حَتَّى مَاتَ فِيهَا عِنْدَ قَيْصَرَ، وَلَهُ خَبَرٌ عَجِيبٌ ذَكَرُهُ الْأُمَوِيُّ، وَمُخْتَصَرُهُ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلَى قَيْصَرَ فَشَكَى إِلَيْهِ مَا لَقِيَ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ كَتَبَ لَهُ إِلَى ابْنِ جَفْنَةَ مَلِكِ عَرَبِ الشَّامِ لِيُجَهِّزَ مَعَهُ جَيْشًا لِحَرْبِ قُرَيْشٍ فَعَزَمَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَكَتَبَتْ إِلَيْهِ الْأَعْرَابُ تَنْهَاهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ لِمَا رَأَوْا مِنْ عَظَمَةِ مَكَّةَ، وَكَيْفَ فَعَلَ اللَّهُ بِأَصْحَابِ الْفِيلِ فَكَسَاهُ ابْنُ جَفْنَةَ قَمِيصًا مَصْبُوغًا مَسْمُومًا فَمَاتَ مِنْ سُمِّهِ فَرَثَاهُ زَيْدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ بِشِعْرٍ، ذَكَرَهُ الْأُمَوِيُّ تَرَكْنَاهُ اخْتِصَارًا. وَكَانَتْ وَفَاتُهُ قَبْلَ الْمَبْعَثِ بِثَلَاثِ سِنِينَ أَوْ نَحْوِهَا وَاللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ.

Translation

✧ Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl ZAYD B. ʿAMR B. NUFAYL ؓ He is Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā b. Riyāḥ b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Qurṭ b. Razāḥ b. ʿAdī b. Kaʿb b. Luʾayy al-Qurashī al-ʿAdawī. Al-Khaṭṭāb — the father of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb — was his paternal uncle and his maternal brother. That is because ʿAmr b. Nufayl had married the wife of his father after his father, and she had from Nufayl his brother al-Khaṭṭāb. This was said by al-Zubayr b. Bakkār and Muḥammad b. Isḥāq: Zayd b. ʿAmr had abandoned the worship of idols and departed from their religion. He would not eat except what was slaughtered in the name of Allah alone. Yūnus b. Bukayr said, from Muḥammad b. Isḥāq: Hishām b. ʿUrwa narrated to me, from his father, from Asmāʾ bt. Abī Bakr, who said: I saw Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl leaning his back against the Kaʿba, saying: "O assembly of Quraysh, by the One in Whose hand is the soul of Zayd, none of you has remained upon the religion of Abraham except me." Then he would say: "O Allah, if I knew the most beloved of faces to You, I would worship You by it, but I do not know." Then he would prostrate on his mount. Similarly, Abū Usāma narrated it from Hishām, and added: He used to pray facing the Kaʿba and say: "My God is the God of Abraham, and my religion is the religion of Abraham." He used to revive buried alive girls and say to a man when he wanted to kill his daughter: "Do not kill her; hand her over to me, and I will take care of her." When she grew up, he would say: "If you wish, take her; and if you wish, hand her over." Al-Nasāʾī transmitted it from the route of Abū Usāma, and al-Bukhārī cited it in muʿallaq form, saying: Al-Layth said: Hishām b. ʿUrwa wrote to me, from his father, with it. Yūnus b. Bukayr said, from Muḥammad b. Isḥāq: A group of Quraysh — Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl, Waraqa b. Nawfal b. Asad b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā, ʿUthmān b. al-Ḥuwayrith b. Asad b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā, and ʿUbayd Allāh b. Jaḥsh b. Riʾāb b. Yaʿmar b. Ṣabira b. Murra b. Kabīr b. Ghanm b. Dūdān b. Asad b. Khuzayma — his mother was Umayma bt. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, and his sister was Zaynab bt. Jaḥsh, whom the Messenger of Allah ﷺ married after his freedman Zayd b. Ḥāritha, as will be explained later — attended Quraysh at an idol of theirs at which they used to sacrifice for one of their festivals. When they gathered, some of those men withdrew with others and said: "Be truthful to one another, and let each of you conceal from the other." One of them said: "By Allah, you know that your people are upon nothing. They have erred from the religion of Abraham and contradicted it. What idol is worshipped that neither harms nor benefits?! So seek for yourselves." They went out seeking and traveling in the land, looking for people of a scripture among the Jews, Christians, and all religious communities, asking them about the ḥanīfiyya, the religion of Abraham. As for Waraqa b. Nawfal, he became a Christian and delved deeply into Christianity, seeking the books from its people until he acquired much knowledge from the People of the Book. Among them there was none more upright in conduct and more upright in affairs than Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl. He withdrew from idols and departed from the religions of the Jews, Christians, and all communities, except the ḥanīfiyya, the religion of Abraham: he declared the oneness of Allah and disavowed all besides Him, and he did not eat the sacrifices of his people, openly breaking with them because of what they were upon. He said: Al-Khaṭṭāb had harmed him greatly until he left him for the upper part of Makkah. Al-Khaṭṭāb set upon him the youths of Quraysh and their foolish ones, saying: "Do not let him enter Makkah." So he would not enter it except secretly from them. When they learned of him, they expelled him and harmed him, out of dislike that he should corrupt their religion for them or that anyone should follow him in what he was upon. Mūsā b. ʿUqba said: I heard one whom I approve narrating from Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl: He used to criticize Quraysh's sacrifices and say: "The sheep — Allah created it, sent down water for it from the sky, and caused vegetation to grow for it from the earth. Why do you slaughter it other than in the name of Allah?" as a rejection of that and in glorification of Him. Yūnus said, from Ibn Isḥāq: Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl had resolved to leave Makkah, traveling in the land seeking the ḥanīfiyya, the religion of Abraham. His wife Ṣafiyya bt. al-Ḥaḍramī, whenever she saw him rise to leave and intend it, informed al-Khaṭṭāb b. Nufayl. Zayd went out to Syria, seeking and searching among the People of the first Book for the religion of Abraham, asking about it. He remained at that — as they allege — until he reached Mosul and all of the Jazīra. Then he came back until he reached Syria and roamed about in it until he came to a monk in a church in the land of al-Balqāʾ, to whom the knowledge of Christianity ultimately went — as they allege. He asked him about the ḥanīfiyya, the religion of Abraham. The monk said to him: "You ask about a religion for which you will not find anyone today to guide you to it. Those who knew it have perished, and those who recognized it have gone. But the emergence of a prophet is imminent for you. This is his time. He had examined Judaism and Christianity but was not pleased with anything of them." So he left quickly when the monk said to him what he said, heading for Makkah, until when he was in the land of Lakhm, they attacked him and killed him. Waraqa said, elegizing him: You were guided and blessed, O Ibn ʿAmr, and indeed You avoided a blazing oven of fire By your religion of a Lord like whom there is no lord And your leaving the idols of the tyrants as they are A man's Lord's mercy may reach him Even if he is beneath the earth sixty valleys deep Muḥammad b. ʿUthmān b. Abī Shayba said: Aḥmad b. Ṭāriq al-Wābishī narrated to us, ʿAmr b. ʿAṭiyya narrated to us, from his father, from Ibn ʿUmar, from Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl: He used to worship Allah in the Jāhiliyya. He set out until he came to a Jewish man and said to him: "I wish you would admit me with you into your religion." The Jew said to him: "I will not admit you into my religion until you bear your share of Allah's wrath." He said: "From Allah's wrath I flee." He set out until he came to a Christian and said to him: "I wish you would admit me with you into your religion." He said: "I will not admit you into my religion until you bear your share of misguidance." He said: "From misguidance I flee." The Christian said to him: "Then I will guide you to a religion which, if you follow, you will be guided." He said: "Which religion?" He said: "The religion of Abraham." He said: "O Allah, I call upon You to witness that I am upon the religion of Abraham; upon it I live and upon it I die." He said: His affair was mentioned to the Prophet ﷺ, and he said: "He will be a nation alone on the Day of Resurrection." Mūsā b. ʿUqba narrated from Sālim, from Ibn ʿUmar, something similar. Muḥammad b. Saʿd said: ʿAlī b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Sayf al-Qurashī narrated to us, from Ismāʿīl b. Mujālid, from Mujālid, from al-Shaʿbī, from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Zayd b. al-Khaṭṭāb, who said: Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl said: "I examined Judaism and Christianity and disliked them. I was in Syria and its vicinity until I came to a monk in a hermitage. I mentioned to him my estrangement from my people and my dislike of idol worship, Judaism, and Christianity. He said to me: 'I see that you want the religion of Abraham, O brother of the people of Makkah. You seek a religion that no one today practices. It is the religion of your father Abraham; he was ḥanīf, neither Jew nor Christian. He used to pray and prostrate toward this House that is in your land. So return to your land, for Allah will send from your people in your land one who will bring the religion of Abraham the ḥanīfiyya, and he is the most honored of creation before Allah.'" Yūnus said, from Ibn Isḥāq: Some of the family of Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl narrated to me: When Zayd entered the Kaʿba, he said: "Labbayka, truly, truly, in worship and servitude. I seek refuge in what Abraham sought refuge, while he was standing, when he said: I devote to You, O Allah, a captive, compelled one Whatever You make me endure, I will endure I seek righteousness, not the empty one Is one who emigrates like one who merely speaks?" Abū Dāwūd al-Ṭayālisī said: Al-Masʿūdī narrated to us, from Nufayl b. Hishām b. Saʿīd b. Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl al-ʿAdawī, from his father, from his grandfather: Zayd b. ʿAmr and Waraqa b. Nawfal went out seeking the religion until they came to a monk in Mosul. He said to Zayd b. ʿAmr: "From where have you come, O owner of the camel?" He said: "From the progeny of Abraham." He said: "What do you seek?" He said: "I seek the religion." He said: "Return, for it is about to appear in your land." He said: As for Waraqa, he became a Christian; as for me, I decided upon Christianity, but it did not suit me, so he returned, saying: "Labbayka, truly, truly, in worship and servitude. I seek righteousness, not the permissible, so is one who emigrates like one who merely speaks? I believe in what Abraham believed, while he says: I devote to You, O Allah, a captive, compelled one Whatever You make me endure, I will endure." Then he fell down and prostrated. He said: His son — meaning Saʿīd b. Zayd, one of the ten ؓ — came and said: "O Messenger of Allah, my father was as you have seen and as you have heard. Ask forgiveness for him." He said: "Yes, for he will be raised on the Day of Resurrection as a nation alone." He said: Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Zayd came upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while he had with him Zayd b. Ḥāritha, and they were eating from a food container of theirs. They invited him to their food, but Zayd b. ʿAmr said: "O son of my brother, I do not eat from what is slaughtered on stone altars." Muḥammad b. Saʿd said: Muḥammad b. ʿUmar narrated to us, Abū Bakr b. Abī Sabra narrated to me, from Mūsā b. Maysara, from Ibn Abī Mulayka, from Ḥujayr b. Abī Ihāb, who said: I saw Zayd b. ʿAmr while I was at the idol of Buwāna after he had returned from Syria. He was watching the sun; when it declined, he faced the Kaʿba and prayed a rakʿa of two prostrations. Then he said: "This is the qibla of Abraham and Ishmael. I do not worship a stone, nor pray to it, nor eat what is sacrificed to it, nor seek omens by divining arrows. I only pray toward this House until I die." He used to perform the ḥajj and stand at ʿArafa, and he would recite the talbiya, saying: "Labbayka, no partner is there to You, nor any equal." Then he would depart from ʿArafa on foot, saying: "Labbayka, in devotion, as an enslaved one." Al-Wāqidī said: ʿAlī b. ʿĪsā al-Ḥakamī narrated to me, from his father, from ʿĀmir b. Rabīʿa, who said: I heard Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl say: "I am waiting for a prophet from the descendants of Ishmael, then from the Banū ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib. I do not think I will live to see him, but I believe in him and declare him truthful, and I bear witness that he is a prophet. If your life extends and you see him, convey to him my greetings of peace. I will tell you his description so that he will not be hidden from you." I said: "Tell me." He said: "He is a man neither tall nor short, neither with much hair nor little; redness never leaves his eyes; the seal of prophethood is between his shoulders; his name is Aḥmad. This land is his birthplace and his sending. Then his people will expel him from it and dislike what he brings, until he emigrates to Yathrib, and his affair will become manifest. Beware lest you be deceived away from him, for I have traveled through all lands seeking the religion of Abraham. Everyone I asked among the Jews, Christians, and Magians said: 'This religion is behind you,' and they described him just as I described him to you, and they said: 'No prophet remains other than him.'" ʿĀmir b. Rabīʿa said: When I embraced Islam, I informed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ of the words of Zayd b. ʿAmr and conveyed his greeting to him. He returned the greeting to him and asked for mercy upon him, and said: "I have seen him in Paradise dragging his robes." Al-Bukhārī said in his Ṣaḥīḥ: Mention of Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl. Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr narrated to us, Fuḍayl b. Sulaymān narrated to us, Mūsā b. ʿUqba narrated to us, Sālim narrated to me, from ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar, that the Prophet ﷺ met Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl at the lower part of Baldah before revelation came to the Prophet ﷺ. A food container was brought to the Prophet ﷺ, but he refused to eat from it. Then Zayd said: "I do not eat from what you slaughter on your stone altars, and I do not eat except what the name of Allah has been mentioned over." Zayd b. ʿAmr used to criticize Quraysh's sacrifices and say: "The sheep — Allah created it, sent down water for it from the sky, and caused vegetation to grow for it from the earth; then they slaughter it other than in the name of Allah," as a rejection of that and in glorification of Him. Mūsā b. ʿUqba said: Sālim b. ʿAbd Allāh narrated to me — and I do not think he narrated it except from Ibn ʿUmar — that Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl went out to Syria asking about the religion and following it. He met a Jewish scholar and asked him about their religion, saying: "Perhaps I may adopt your religion, so tell me about it." He said: "You will not be upon our religion until you take your share of Allah's wrath." Zayd said: "I flee only from Allah's wrath, exalted be He, and I will not bear any of Allah's wrath, nor can I. Will you guide me to other than it?" He said: "I know of nothing except that you be ḥanīf." Zayd said: "What is ḥanīf?" He said: "The religion of Abraham, ﷺ. He was neither Jew nor Christian, and he worshipped none but Allah." Zayd departed and met a Christian scholar and mentioned the like; he said: "You will never be upon our religion until you take your share of Allah's curse." He said: "I know of nothing except that you be ḥanīf." He said: "What is ḥanīf?" He said: "The religion of Abraham. He was neither Jew nor Christian, and he worshipped none but Allah." When Zayd saw their words about Abraham, he departed. When he came out into the open, he raised his hands and said: "O Allah, I call upon You to witness that I am upon the religion of Abraham." He said: Al-Layth said: Hishām b. ʿUrwa wrote to me, from his father, from Asmāʾ bt. Abī Bakr, who said: I saw Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl standing, leaning his back against the Kaʿba, saying: "O assembly of Quraysh, by Allah, none of you is upon the religion of Abraham except me." He used to revive buried alive girls, saying to a man when he wanted to kill his daughter: "Do not kill her; I will suffice you for her maintenance." He would take her, and when she grew up, he would say to her father: "If you wish, I will hand her over to you; and if you wish, I will suffice you for her maintenance." This is the end of what al-Bukhārī mentioned. This last ḥadīth was given a full chain by al-Ḥāfiẓ Ibn ʿAsākir from the route of Abū Bakr b. Abī Dāwūd, from ʿĪsā b. Ḥammād, from al-Layth, from Hishām, from his father, from Asmāʾ, and he mentioned something similar. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī al-Zinād said, from Hishām b. ʿUrwa, from his father, from Asmāʾ, who said: I heard Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl while he was leaning his back against the Kaʿba, saying: "O assembly of Quraysh, beware of adultery, for it bequeaths poverty." Ibn ʿAsākir has cited here very strange ḥadīths, and in some of them there is a strong objectionable nature. Then he related from multiple paths from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that he said: "He will be raised on the Day of Resurrection as a nation alone." Among that is what Muḥammad b. ʿUthmān b. Abī Shaybah narrated to us: Yūsuf b. Yaʿqūb al-Ṣaffār narrated to us: Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd al-Umawī narrated to us, from Mujālid, from al-Shaʿbī, from Jābir, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was asked about Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl — that he used to face the qiblah in the Jāhiliyyah, and say: "My God is the God of Abraham, and my religion is the religion of Abraham," and prostrate. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "That one will be gathered as a nation alone, between me and Jesus son of Mary." Its chain is good and sound. Al-Wāqidī said: Mūsā b. Shaybah narrated to me, from Khārijah b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Kaʿb b. Mālik, who said: I heard Saʿīd b. al-Musayyab mention Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl and say: He died while Quraysh were building the Kaʿbah, five years before revelation came down upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He indeed was upon it, and he used to say: "I am upon the religion of Abraham." His son Saʿīd b. Zayd embraced Islam and followed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb and Saʿīd b. Zayd came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and asked him about Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl. He said: "May Allah forgive him and have mercy on him, for he died upon the religion of Abraham." He said: After that day, no Muslim mentioned him except that he invoked mercy upon him and sought forgiveness for him. Then Saʿīd b. al-Musayyab would say: "May Allah have mercy on him and forgive him." Muḥammad b. Saʿd said, from al-Wāqidī: Zakariyyā b. Yaḥyā al-Saʿdī narrated to me, from his father, who said: Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl died in Makkah and was buried at the foot of Ḥirāʾ. It has been mentioned earlier that he died in the land of al-Balqāʾ in Syria when a group from Banū Lakhm attacked him and killed him at a place called Mayfaʿah. Allah knows best. Al-Bāghandī said, from Abū Saʿīd al-Ashajj, from Abū Muʿāwiyah, from Hishām, from his father, from ʿĀʾishah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "I entered Paradise and saw two large trees for Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl." This is a good chain, and it is not in any of the books. Among the poetry of Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl, may Allah have mercy on him, is what we presented earlier in the beginning of creation, from that ode: To Allah I dedicate my praise and my eulogy, And a pleasing word that never ceases, remaining forever, To the Most High King, above whom there is no deity Nor any lord that could be near Him. It has been said that it is by Umayyah b. Abī al-Ṣalt. Allah knows best. Among his poetry on monotheism is what Muḥammad b. Isḥāq, al-Zubayr b. Bakkār, and others reported: I have submitted my face to Him to whom the earth has submitted, Carrying heavy rocks; He spread it out, and when it was level, He fixed it evenly, And anchored upon it the mountains. I have submitted my face to Him to whom the clouds have submitted, Carrying sweet, pure water; when they are driven to a land, They obey and pour down upon it abundant showers. I have submitted my face to Him to whom the wind has submitted, Turning from state to state. Muḥammad b. Isḥāq said: Hishām b. ʿUrwah narrated to me; he said: My father reported that Zayd b. ʿAmr said: One Lord or a thousand lords should I worship, When affairs are divided? I have renounced al-Lāt and al-ʿUzzā altogether, Thus does the sturdy, patient one. Neither al-ʿUzzā do I worship, nor her two daughters, Nor the two idols of Banū ʿAmr do I visit. Nor Hubal do I worship, who was a lord to us in the age When my forbearance was slight. I wondered — and in the nights there are wonders, And in the days the discerning one knows them — That Allah has caused to perish many men Whose affair was wickedness, And kept others alive through the righteousness of a people, So that among them the small child grows. While a man stumbles and then recovers one day, As the rain-soaked branch sways. But I worship the Most Merciful, my Lord, So that the Forgiving Lord may forgive my sin. So keep the fear of Allah, your Lord; Whenever you keep it, you will not perish. You see the righteous — their abode is gardens, And for the disbelievers is a blazing fire, And disgrace in this life; and if they die, They will meet what constricts the chests. This is the completion of what Muḥammad b. Isḥāq mentioned of this ode. Abū al-Qāsim al-Baghawī reported it from Muṣʿab b. ʿAbd Allāh, from al-Ḍaḥḥāk b. ʿUthmān, from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī al-Zinād, who said: Hishām b. ʿUrwah said, from his father, from Asmāʾ bt. Abī Bakr, who said: Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl said: I have renounced the jinn and the jinn-places from myself, Thus does the sturdy, patient one. Neither al-ʿUzzā do I worship, nor her two daughters, Nor the two idols of Banū Ṭasm do I go around. Nor Ghunm do I worship, who was a lord to us in the age when my forbearance was small. One Lord or a thousand lords Should I worship, when affairs are divided? Do you not know that Allah has caused to perish men Whose affair was wickedness? And kept others alive through the righteousness of a people, So that among them the small child grows. While a man stumbles and then recovers one day, As the fresh branch sways. She said: Waraqah b. Nawfal said: You have been guided and blessed, O son of ʿAmr, for you have only Avoided an oven of fire, blazing. For your religion is a Lord like whom there is no lord, And your leaving the gardens of the mountains as they are. I say when I am sent down to a feared land: "Have mercy, do not make the enemies prevail over me. Have mercy, for the jinn were their hope, But You are my God, our Lord, and my hope. May the mercy of his Lord overtake a man, Even if he is under the earth by seventy valleys. I worship a Lord who answers; I do not see That I worship one who never hears a caller. I say when I pray in every church: Blessed are You; I have called much upon Your name." It was mentioned earlier that Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl went to Syria together with Waraqah b. Nawfal, ʿUthmān b. al-Ḥuwayrith, and ʿUbayd Allāh b. Jaḥsh. They became Christians except Zayd, for he did not enter any of the religions, but remained upon his natural disposition, worshiping Allah alone with no partner, following what he could of the religion of Abraham, as we have mentioned. As for Waraqah b. Nawfal, his account will come at the beginning of the sending of the Prophet. As for ʿUthmān b. al-Ḥuwayrith, he stayed in Syria until he died there at the court of Caesar, and he has an amazing story mentioned by al-Umawī. Its summary is that when he came to Caesar and complained to him of what he had encountered from his people, Caesar wrote for him to Ibn Jafnah, king of the Arabs of Syria, to prepare an army with him to fight Quraysh. He resolved to do that, but the Bedouins wrote to him forbidding him from that because of what they had seen of the greatness of Makkah and how Allah dealt with the Companions of the Elephant. So Ibn Jafnah clothed him in a dyed, poisoned shirt, and he died from its poison. Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl mourned him with poetry mentioned by al-Umawī, which we have omitted for brevity. His death was three years or so before the sending of the Prophet, and Allah, glorified and exalted, knows best.

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