Tarikh (al-Tabari) 628
Genealogy of Our Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and Some Accounts of His Forefathers and Ancestors
ذِكْرُ شَيْءٍ مِنْ أَخْبَارِ عبد الله بن جدعان عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جُدْعَانَ هُوَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جُدْعَانَ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ تَيْمِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ سَيِّدُ بَنِي تَيْمٍ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّ وَالِدِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ ؓ وَكَانَ مِنَ الْكُرَمَاءِ الْأَجْوَادِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ الْمُطْعِمِينَ لِلْمُسْنِتِينَ وَكَانَ فِي بَدْءِ أَمْرِهِ فَقِيرًا مُمْلِقًا وَكَانَ شِرِّيرًا يُكْثِرُ مِنَ الْجِنَايَاتِ حَتَّى أَبْغَضَهُ قَوْمُهُ وَعَشِيرَتُهُ وَأَهْلُهُ وَقَبِيلَتُهُ وَأَبْغَضُوهُ حَتَّى أَبُوهُ فَخَرَجَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ فِي شِعَابِ مَكَّةَ حَائِرًا بَائِرًا فَرَأَى شَقًّا فِي جَبَلٍ فَظَنَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ بِهِ شَيْءٌ يُؤْذِي فَقَصَدَهُ لَعَلَّهُ يَمُوتُ فَيَسْتَرِيحُ مِمَّا هُوَ فِيهِ فَلَمَّا اقْتَرَبَ مِنْهُ إِذَا ثُعْبَانٌ يَخْرُجُ إِلَيْهِ وَيَثِبُ عَلَيْهِ فَجَعَلَ يَحِيدُ عَنْهُ وَيَثِبُ فَلَا يُغْنِي شَيْئًا فَلَمَّا دَنَا مِنْهُ إِذَا هُوَ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ وَلَهُ عَيْنَانِ هُمَا يَاقُوتَتَانِ فَكَسَرَهُ وَأَخَذَهُ وَدَخَلَ الْغَارَ فَإِذَا فِيهِ قُبُورٌ لِرِجَالٍ مَنْ مُلُوكِ جُرْهُمٍ، وَمِنْهُمُ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ مُضَاضٍ، الَّذِي طَالَتْ غَيْبَتُهُ فَلَا يُدْرَى أَيْنَ ذَهَبَ، وَوَجَدَ عِنْدَ رُءُوسِهِمْ لَوْحًا مِنْ ذَهَبٍ فِيهِ تَارِيخُ وَفَاتِهِمْ وَمُدَدُ وِلَايَتِهِمْ، وَإِذَا عِنْدَهُمْ مِنَ الْجَوَاهِرِ وَاللَّآلِئِ وَالذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ شَيْءٌ كَثِيرٌ فَأَخَذَ مِنْهُ حَاجَتَهُ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ وَعَلَّمَ بَابَ الْغَارِ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ فَأَعْطَاهُمْ حَتَّى أَحَبُّوهُ وَسَادَهُمْ، وَجَعَلَ يُطْعِمُ النَّاسَ، وَكُلَّمَا قَلَّ مَا فِي يَدِهِ ذَهَبَ إِلَى ذَلِكَ الْغَارِ فَأَخَذَ حَاجَتَهُ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فَمِمَّنْ ذَكَرَ هَذَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ هِشَامٍ فِي كِتَابِ التِّيجَانِ، وَذَكَرَهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ فِي كِتَابِ رِيِّ الْعَاطِشِ وَأُنْسِ الْوَاحِشِ. وَكَانَتْ لَهُ جَفْنَةٌ يَأْكُلُ مِنْهَا الرَّاكِبُ عَلَى بَعِيرِهِ، وَوَقَعَ فِيهَا صَغِيرٌ فَغَرِقَ، وَذَكَرَ ابْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ وَغَيْرُهُ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: لَقَدْ كُنْتُ أَسْتَظِلُّ بِظِلِّ جَفْنَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جُدْعَانَ، صَكَّةَ عُمَيٍّ أَيْ وَقْتَ الظَّهِيرَةِ. وَفِي حَدِيثِ مَقْتَلِ أَبِي جَهْلٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: لِأَصْحَابِهِ تَطَلَّبُوهُ بَيْنَ الْقَتْلَى، وَتَعَرَّفُوهُ بِشَجَّةٍ فِي رُكْبَتِهِ فَإِنِّي تَزَاحَمْتُ أَنَا وَهُوَ عَلَى مَأْدُبَةٍ لِابْنِ جُدْعَانَ فَدَفَعْتُهُ فَسَقَطَ عَلَى رُكْبَتِهِ فَانْهَشَمَتْ فَأَثَرُهَا بَاقٍ فِي رُكْبَتِهِ فَوَجَدُوهُ كَذَلِكَ. وَذَكَرُوا أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُطْعِمُ التَّمْرَ وَالسَّوِيقَ، وَيَسْقِي اللَّبَنَ حَتَّى سَمِعَ قَوْلَ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ أَبِي الصَّلْتِ وَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ الْفَاعِلِينَ وَفِعْلَهُمْ فَرَأَيْتُ أَكْرَمَهُمْ بَنِي الدَّيَّانِ الْبُرُّ يُلْبَكُ بِالشِّهَادِ طَعَامُهُمْ لَا مَا يُعَلِّلُنَا بَنُو جُدْعَانِ فَأَرْسَلَ ابْنُ جُدْعَانَ إِلَى الشَّامِ أَلْفَيْ بَعِيرٍ تَحْمِلُ الْبُرَّ وَالشَّهْدَ وَالسَّمْنَ، وَجَعَلَ مُنَادِيًا يُنَادِي كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ عَلَى ظَهْرِ الْكَعْبَةِ، أَنْ هَلُمُّوا إِلَى جَفْنَةِ ابْنِ جُدْعَانَ فَقَالَ أُمَيَّةُ فِي ذَلِكَ لَهُ دَاعٍ بِمَكَّةَ مُشْمَعِلٌّ وَآخَرُ فَوْقَ كَعْبَتِهَا يُنَادِي إِلَى رُدُحٍ مِنَ الشِّيزَى مِلَاءٍ لُبَابُ الْبُرِّ يُلْبَكُ بِالشِّهَادِ وَمَعَ هَذَا كُلِّهِ فَقَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحِ لِمُسْلِمٍ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ ابْنَ جُدْعَانَ كَانَ يُطْعِمُ الطَّعَامَ، وَيَقْرِي الضَّيْفَ فَهَلْ يَنْفَعُهُ ذَلِكَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ؟ فَقَالَ: لَا، إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَقُلْ يَوْمًا: رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي خَطِيئَتِي يَوْمَ الدِّينِ.
Translation
✧ Mention of some accounts of ʿAbd Allāh b. Judʿān ʿAbd Allāh b. Judʿān He is ʿAbd Allāh b. Judʿān b. ʿAmr b. Kaʿb b. Saʿd b. Taym b. Murrah, the chief of Banū Taym, and he is the paternal cousin of the father of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ؓ. He was among the generous and munificent in the pre-Islamic era, who fed the famine-stricken. At the beginning of his affair he was poor and destitute, and he was wicked, committing many crimes, until his people, his clan, his family, and his tribe came to hate him, and they hated him, even his father. One day he went out into the mountain passes of Makkah, bewildered and perishing, and he saw a cleft in a mountain, and he thought that there might be something harmful in it, so he made for it, hoping that he might die and be relieved of what he was in. When he drew near to it, behold, a serpent came out at him and leapt upon him, and he kept dodging away from it and it kept leaping, but that availed nothing. When he came close to it, behold, it was made of gold, and it had two eyes which were two rubies. He broke it and took it, and entered the cave, and behold, in it were graves of men from the kings of Jurhum, among them al-Ḥārith b. Muḍāḍ, whose absence had grown long so that no one knew where he had gone. He found at their heads a tablet of gold containing the history of their deaths and the durations of their reigns, and behold, with them were many jewels, pearls, gold, and silver. He took from it what he needed, then he went out and marked the door of the cave, then he returned to his people and gave to them until they loved him and he became their chief, and he began to feed the people. Whenever what was in his hand dwindled, he went to that cave, took what he needed, then returned. Among those who mentioned this is ʿAbd al-Malik b. Hishām in the book al-Tījān, and Aḥmad b. ʿAmmār mentioned it in the book Riyy al-ʿĀṭish wa-Uns al-Wāḥish. He had a large bowl from which a rider on his camel could eat, and a small child fell into it and drowned. Ibn Qutaybah and others mentioned that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said: 'I used to shade myself in the shadow of the bowl of ʿAbd Allāh b. Judʿān at ṣakkat ʿumayy,' meaning at the time of midday. And in the account of the killing of Abū Jahl, the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said to his companions: 'Search for him among the slain, and recognize him by a wound on his knee, for I and he jostled each other at a feast of Ibn Judʿān, and I pushed him, so he fell on his knee and it was crushed, and its trace remains in his knee.' So they found him thus. They mentioned that he used to feed dates and sawīq, and give milk to drink, until he heard the saying of Umayyah b. Abī al-Ṣalt: 'And I have seen the doers and their deeds, and I saw the most generous of them were Banū al-Dayyān; wheat kneaded with honey is their food, not what Banū Judʿān beguile us with.' So Ibn Judʿān sent to Syria two thousand camels carrying wheat, honey, and ghee, and he appointed a crier to call out every night on top of the Kaʿbah: 'Come to the bowl of Ibn Judʿān!' Umayyah said about that: 'He has a caller in Makkah, brisk and active, and another above its Kaʿbah calling out; to large bowls of teak, full, with the purest wheat kneaded with honey.' Yet with all this, it is established in the Ṣaḥīḥ of Muslim that ʿĀʾishah said: 'O Messenger of Allāh, Ibn Judʿān used to feed food and entertain guests; will that benefit him on the Day of Resurrection?' He said: 'No, for he never said on any day: My Lord, forgive me my sin on the Day of Reckoning.'
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