Tarikh (al-Tabari) 417
Genealogy of Our Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and Some Accounts of His Forefathers and Ancestors
الْبَابُ الثَّانِي فِي طَهَارَةِ أَصْلِهِ وَشَرَفِ مَجْدِهِ ﷺ وَذَلِكَ مِمَّا لَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى إِقَامَةِ دَلِيلٍ عَلَيْهِ، فهُوَ خَيْرُ أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ نَسَبًا عَلَى الْإِطْلَاقِ، فَلِنَسَبِهِ مِنَ الشَّرَفِ أَعْلَى ذِرْوَةٍ، وَأَعْدَاؤُهُ كَانُوا يَشْهَدُونَ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ، وَلِهَذَا شَهِدَ لَهُ بِهِ عَدُوُّهُ إِذْ ذَاكَ أبو سفيان بَيْنَ يَدَيْ مَلِكِ الرُّومِ عندما سأله عَنْ صِفَاتِهِ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ قَالَ: كَيْفَ نَسَبُهُ فِيكُمْ ؟ قَالَ: هُوَ فِينَا ذُو نَسَبٍ. قَالَ: كَذَلِكَ الرُّسُلُ تَبْعَثُ فِي أَنْسَابِ قَوْمِهَا. يَعْنِي: فِي أَكْرَمِهَا أَحْسَابًا، وَأَكْثَرِهَا قَبِيلَةً صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ أَجْمَعِينَ. فَهُوَ سَيِّدُ وَلَدِ آدَمَ وَفَخْرُهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ، أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ وَأَبُو إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُحَمَّدُ وَأَحْمَدُ وَالْمَاحِي الَّذِي يُمْحَى بِهِ الْكُفْرُ وَالْعَاقِبُ الَّذِي مَا بَعْدَهُ نَبِيٌّ وَالْحَاشِرُ الَّذِي يُحْشَرُ النَّاسُ عَلَى قَدَمَيْهِ وَالْمُقَفَّى وَنَبِيُّ الرَّحْمَةِ وَنَبِيُّ التَّوْبَةِ وَنَبِيُّ الْمَلْحَمَةِ وَخَاتَمُ النَّبِيِّينَ وَالْفَاتِحُ وَطه وَيس وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ. قَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: وَزَادَ بَعْضُ الْعُلَمَاءِ فَقَالَ: سَمَّاهُ اللَّهُ فِي الْقُرْآنِ رَسُولًا نَبِيًّا أُمِّيًّا شَاهِدًا مُبَشِّرًا نَذِيرًا، وَدَاعِيًا إِلَى اللَّهِ بِإِذْنِهِ وَسِرَاجًا مُنِيرًا، وَرَءُوفًا رَحِيمًا وَمُذَكِّرًا، وَجَعَلَهُ رَحْمَةً وَنِعْمَةً وَهَادِيًا فَأَشْرَفُ الْقَوْمِ قَوْمُهُ، وَأَشْرَفُ الْقَبَائِلِ قَبِيلَتُهُ، وَأَشْرَفُ الْأَفْخَاذِ فَخِذُهُ. فَإِنَّهُ نُخْبَةُ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَسُلَالَةُ قُرَيْشٍ وَأَشْرَفُ الْعَرَبِ وَأَعْزِمُ نَفَرًا مِنْ قِبَلِ أَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ، وَمِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ أَكْرَمِ بِلَادِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى عَلَى اللَّهِ وَعَلَى عِبَادِهِ. وَأَعْدَاؤُهُ ﷺ كَانُوا يَشْهَدُونَ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ وَلِهَذَا شَهِدَ لَهُ بِهِ عَدُوُّهُ إِذْ ذَاكَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ بْنُ حَرْبٍ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ مَلِكِ الرُّومِ. فَأَشْرَفُ الْقَوْمِ قَوْمُهُ وَأَشْرَفُ الْقَبَائِلِ قَبِيلَتُهُ وَأَشْرَفُ الْأَفْخَاذِ فَخِذُهُ ﷺ. قَالَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى: اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ حَيْثُ يَجْعَلُ رِسَالَتَهُ. وَعَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَتَقَلُّبَكَ فِي السَّاجِدِينَ قَالَ: مِنْ صُلْبِ نَبِيٍّ إِلَى صُلْبِ نَبِيٍّ حَتَّى صِرْتُ نَبِيًّا. رَوَاهُ الْبَزَّارُ، وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ. رِجَالُهُ ثِقَاتٌ. وَعَنْ عَطَاءٍ عَنْهُ فِي الْآيَةِ قَالَ: "مَا زَالَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَتَقَلَّبُ فِي أَصْلَابِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ حَتَّى وَلَدَتْهُ أُمُّهُ" رَوَاهُ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ. وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "بُعِثْتُ مِنْ خَيْرِ قُرُونِ بَنِي آدَمَ قَرْنًا فَقَرَنًا حَتَّى كُنْتُ مِنَ الْقَرْنِ الَّذِي كُنْتُ فِيهِ". رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ. وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "خَيْرُ الْعَرَبِ مُضَرُ، وَخَيْرُ مُضَرَ بَنُو عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ، وَخَيْرُ بَنِي عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ بَنُو هَاشِمٍ، وَخَيْرُ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ بَنُو عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَاللَّهِ مَا افْتَرَقَتْ فِرْقَتَانِ مُنْذُ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ آدَمَ إِلَّا كُنْتُ فِي خَيْرِهِمَا". رَوَاهُ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ. وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَسَّمَ خَلْقَهُ قِسْمَيْنِ فَجَعَلَنِي فِي خَيْرِهِمَا قِسْمًا، ثُمَّ جَعَلَ الْقِسْمَيْنِ أَثْلَاثًا فَجَعَلَنِي فِي خَيْرِهِمَا ثُلُثًا، ثُمَّ جَعَلَ الْأَثْلَاثَ قَبَائِلَ فَجَعَلَنِي فِي خَيْرِهَا قَبِيلَةً، ثُمَّ جَعَلَ الْقَبَائِلَ بُيُوتًا فَجَعَلَنِي فِي خَيْرِهَا بَيْتًا فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ الْآيَةَ. رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ وَأَبُو نُعَيْمٍ. وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "قَالَ جِبْرِيلُ قَلَبْتُ مَشَارِقَ الْأَرْضِ وَمَغَارِبَهَا فَلَمْ أَجِدْ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَلَمْ أَجِدْ بَنِي أَبٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ ". رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ وَابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ. قَالَ الْحَافِظُ فِي أَمَالِيهِ: لَوَامِحُ الصِّحَّةِ ظَاهِرَةٌ عَلَى صَفَحَاتِ هَذَا الْمَتْنِ. رَوَاهُ الْحَكِيمُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ. وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَا وَلَدَتْنِي بِغَيٌّ قَطُّ مُنْذُ خَرَجْتُ مِنْ صُلْبِ آدَمَ، وَلَمْ تَزَلْ تُنَازِعُنِي الْأُمَمُ كَابِرًا عَنْ كَابِرٍ حَتَّى خَرَجْتُ مِنْ أَفْضَلِ حَيَّيْنِ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ: هَاشِمٍ وَزُهْرَةَ". رَوَاهُ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ. وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ ؓ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " لَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ " بِفَتْحِ الْفَاءِ وَقَالَ: "أَنَا أَنْفَسُكُمْ نَسَبًا وَصِهْرًا وَحَسَبًا، لَيْسَ فِي آبَائِي مِنْ لَدُنْ آدَمَ سِفَاحٌ، كُلُّنَا نِكَاحٌ". رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ. رَوَاهُ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ وَابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ. وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "خَرَجْتُ مِنْ نِكَاحٍ غَيْرِ سِفَاحٍ". رَوَاهُ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ وَابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ. وَعَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "خَرَجْتُ مِنْ نِكَاحٍ وَلَمْ أَخْرُجْ مِنْ سِفَاحٍ مِنْ لَدُنْ آدَمَ إِلَى أَنْ وَلَدَنِي أَبِي وَأُمِّي لَمْ يُصِبْنِي مِنْ نِكَاحِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ شَيْءٌ مَا وَلَّدَنِي إِلَّا نِكَاحٌ كَنِكَاحِ الْإِسْلَامِ". رَوَاهُ الْعَدَنِيُّ فِي مُسْنَدِهِ وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ وَأَبُو نُعَيْمٍ وَابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ. ، وَلَهُ طُرُقٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَوَاهَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ. وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ قَالَ: إِنَّ قُرَيْشًا - أَيِ الْمُسْعَدَةِ بِالْإِسْلَامِ - كَانَتْ نُورًا بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ آدَمَ ﷺ بِأَلْفَيْ عَامٍ يُسَبِّحُ ذَلِكَ النُّورُ وَتُسَبِّحُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ بِتَسْبِيحِهِ، فَلَمَّا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ آدَمَ أَلْقَى ذَلِكَ النُّورَ فِي صُلْبِهِ. قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "فَأَهْبَطَنِي اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَى الْأَرْضِ فِي صُلْبِ آدَمَ وَجَعَلَنِي فِي صُلْبِ نُوحٍ، وَقَذَفَ بِي فِي صُلْبِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَزَلِ اللَّهُ يَنْقُلُنِي مِنَ الْأَصْلَابِ الْكَرِيمَةِ وَالْأَرْحَامِ الطَّاهِرَةِ حَتَّى أَخْرَجَنِي مِنْ بَيْنِ أَبَوِيَّ لَمْ يَلْتَقِيَا عَلَى سِفَاحٍ قَطُّ". رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ الْعَدَنِيُّ فِي مُسْنَدِهِ. وَيَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الْقَائِلَ: حَفِظَ الْإِلَهُ كَرَامَةً لِمُحَمَّدٍ آبَاءَهُ الْأَمْجَادَ صَوْنًا لِاسْمِهِ تَرَكُوا السِّفَاحَ فَلَمْ يُصِبْهُمْ عَارُهُ مِنْ آدَمٍ وَإِلَى أَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ وَيَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الْقَائِلَ: مِنْ عَهْدِ آدَمَ لَمْ يَزَلْ تَحْمِي لَهُ فِي نَسْلِهَا الْأَصْلَابُ وَالْأَرْحَامُ حَتَّى تَنَقَّلَ فِي نِكَاحٍ طَاهِرٍ مَا ضَمَّ مُجْتَمَعَيْنِ فِيهِ حَرَامُ فَبَدَا كَبَدْرِ التِّمِّ لَيْلَةَ وَضْعِهِ مَا شَانَ مَطْلَعَهُ الْمُنِيرَ قَتَامُ فَانْجَابَتِ الظَّلْمَاءُ مِنْ أَنْوَارِهِ وَالنُّورُ لَا يَبْقَى عَلَيْهِ ظَلَامُ شُكْرًا لِمُهْدِيهِ إِلَيْنَا نِعْمَةً لَيْسَتْ تُحِيطُ بِكُنْهِهَا الْأَوْهَامُ وَرَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ وَابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ عَنِ الْكَلْبِيِّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ خَمْسَمِائَةِ أُمٍّ فَمَا وَجَدْتُ فِيهِنَّ سِفَاحًا وَلَا شَيْئًا مِنْ أَمْرِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ. قَوْلُهُ خَمْسُمِائَةِ أُمٍّ: يُرِيدُ الْجَدَّاتِ وَجَدَّاتِ الْجَدَّاتِ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ.
Translation
✧ THE SECOND CHAPTER: ON THE PURITY OF HIS ﷺ ORIGIN AND THE NOBILITY OF HIS GLORY That is something that needs no establishing of proof for it, for he is the best of the people of the earth in lineage absolutely. His lineage has of nobility the highest peak, and his enemies used to testify to that for him. For this reason his enemy at that time, Abū Sufyān, testified to it for him before the king of Byzantium when he asked him about his attributes (peace and blessings be upon him). He said: "How is his lineage among you?" He said: "He is among us a possessor of lineage." He said: "Thus are messengers sent in the lineages of their people"—meaning in the noblest of them in ancestry and the most numerous of them in tribe, may the blessings of Allah be upon them all. For he is the master of the children of Adam and their pride in this world and the Hereafter: Abū al-Qāsim and Abū Ibrāhīm, Muḥammad and Aḥmad, and al-Māḥī (the Eraser) by whom disbelief is erased, and al-ʿĀqib (the Successor) after whom there is no prophet, and al-Ḥāshir (the Gatherer) at whose feet the people will be gathered, and al-Muqaffā (the One Sent in Succession), and the Prophet of Mercy, and the Prophet of Repentance, and the Prophet of Battle, and the Seal of the Prophets, and al-Fātiḥ (the Opener), and Ṭā Hā, and Yā Sīn, and ʿAbd Allāh (Servant of Allah). Al-Bayhaqī said: Some scholars added and said: Allah named him in the Qurʾān a messenger, a prophet, an unlettered one, a witness, a bringer of good tidings, a warner, a caller to Allah by His permission, a luminous lamp, kind and merciful, a reminder, and He made him a mercy, a blessing, and a guide. Thus the noblest of peoples is his people, the noblest of tribes is his tribe, and the noblest of clans is his clan. For he is the choice of Banū Hāshim and the pure descendant of Quraysh and the noblest of the Arabs and the strongest in number of men from his father's and mother's side, and from the people of Makkah, the noblest of the lands of Allah, exalted is He, in the sight of Allah and of His servants. And his enemies ﷺ used to testify to that for him. For this reason his enemy at that time, Abū Sufyān b. Ḥarb, testified to it for him before the king of Byzantium. Thus the noblest of peoples is his people, the noblest of tribes is his tribe, and the noblest of clans is his clan ﷺ. Allah, glorified and exalted is He, said: "Allah knows best where to place His message" [Qurʾān 6:124]. And from ʿIkrimah, from Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ, regarding His saying, exalted is He: "And your moving among those who prostrate" [Qurʾān 26:219], he said: "From the loins of a prophet to the loins of a prophet until I became a prophet." Narrated by al-Bazzār and al-Ṭabarānī. Its narrators are trustworthy. And from ʿAṭāʾ, from him, regarding the verse, he said: "The Prophet of Allah ﷺ continued to move in the loins of the prophets until his mother gave birth to him." Narrated by Abū Nuʿaym. And from Abū Hurayrah ؓ, he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "I was sent from the best of the generations of the children of Adam, generation after generation, until I was from the generation in which I was." Narrated by al-Bukhārī. And from Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ, he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The best of the Arabs is Muḍar, and the best of Muḍar is Banū ʿAbd Manāf, and the best of Banū ʿAbd Manāf is Banū Hāshim, and the best of Banū Hāshim is Banū ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib. By Allah, no two groups have separated since Allah created Adam except that I was in the better of them." Narrated by Abū Nuʿaym. And from Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ, he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Allah divided His creation into two parts and placed me in the better of the two parts. Then He divided the two parts into thirds and placed me in the better of their thirds. Then He divided the thirds into tribes and placed me in the better of their tribes. Then He divided the tribes into houses and placed me in the better of their houses. That is His saying, exalted is He: 'Allah only intends to remove from you the impurity, O people of the house' [Qurʾān 33:33]"—the verse. Narrated by al-Ṭabarānī and Abū Nuʿaym. And from ʿĀʾishah ؓ, she said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Jibrīl said: I turned over the east of the earth and its west, and I did not find anyone better than Muḥammad, and I did not find a father's sons better than Banū Hāshim." Narrated by al-Ṭabarānī, al-Bayhaqī, and Ibn ʿAsākir. Al-Ḥāfiẓ said in his Amālī: "Glimpses of soundness are apparent on the pages of this text." Narrated by al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī. And from Abū Hurayrah ؓ, he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "No unchaste woman has ever given birth to me since I came out of the loins of Adam, and the nations continued to contend for me, elder after elder, until I came out of the best two subtribes of the Arabs: Hāshim and Zuhrah." Narrated by Ibn ʿAsākir. And from Anas ؓ, he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ recited: "There has certainly come to you a messenger from among yourselves" [Qurʾān 9:128] with a fatḥah on the fāʾ, and said: "I am the most precious of you in lineage, in marriage ties, and in nobility; among my forefathers from Adam onward there is no fornication, all of us are from lawful marriage." Narrated by Ibn Mardawayh. Narrated by Ibn Saʿd and Ibn ʿAsākir. And from ʿĀʾishah ؓ, she said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "I came out of lawful marriage, not of fornication." Narrated by Ibn Saʿd and Ibn ʿAsākir. And from ʿAlī ؓ, he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "I came out of lawful marriage and I did not come out of fornication from Adam until my father and mother gave birth to me. Nothing of the marriage of the Age of Ignorance touched me; nothing gave birth to me except marriage like the marriage of Islam." Narrated by al-ʿAdanī in his Musnad, al-Ṭabarānī, Abū Nuʿaym, and Ibn ʿAsākir. And it has chains from Ibn ʿAbbās narrated by Abū Nuʿaym. And from Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ, he said: Quraysh—that is, the one aided by Islam—was a light before Allah, exalted is He, two thousand years before He created Adam ﷺ. That light glorified Allah, and the angels glorified with its glorification. When Allah created Adam, He cast that light into his loins. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Allah, exalted is He, brought me down to the earth in the loins of Adam, and placed me in the loins of Nūḥ, and cast me into the loins of Ibrāhīm. Then Allah did not cease to transfer me from noble loins and pure wombs until He brought me out from between my two parents, who never met in fornication at all." Narrated by Ibn Abī ʿUmar al-ʿAdanī in his Musnad. May Allah, exalted is He, have mercy on the one who said: "The God preserved, as an honor for Muḥammad, his glorious forefathers, as a protection for his name. They abandoned fornication and its shame did not touch them, From Adam and up to his father and mother." And may Allah, exalted is He, have mercy on the one who said: "From the age of Adam, there never ceased to protect for him, In their line, the loins and the wombs. Until he moved in pure marriage; No forbidden thing ever brought together two persons in it. Then he appeared like the full moon on the night of his birth; No dust marred its luminous rising. The darkness dispersed from his lights; No darkness remains upon light. Gratitude to the One who sent him to us as a blessing That no imaginings can encompass its depths." And Ibn Saʿd and Ibn ʿAsākir narrated from al-Kalbī, may Allah, exalted is He, have mercy on him, who said: "I wrote down for the Prophet ﷺ five hundred mothers, and I did not find among them any fornication or anything of the affairs of the Age of Ignorance." His saying "five hundred mothers": he means the grandmothers and the grandmothers of the grandmothers on his father's and mother's side.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.